Purpose This study analyzed nursing students’ guided reflective journals following simulation-based practice using standardized patients for the initial care of older adults experiencing falls. It aimed to provide a deeper understanding of how changes in students’ thinking occurred through the learning experience and to describe their levels of reflection.
Methods An eight-hour simulation-based education program was implemented during a geriatric clinical practicum. The program consisted of orientation, pre-learning activities, simulation practice, and a wrap-up session. Reflective journals from 53 third-year nursing students were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results Fifty-three third-year nursing students participated and submitted reflective journals. Three categories emerged from the analysis: “preparing for simulation-based practice,” which involved students setting care plans and employing observation; (2) “experiencing patient fall management through simulation-based practice,” where students actively engaged in realistic fall management scenarios; and (3) “critical reflection after simulation-based practice,” encompassing students’ acquisition of new insights and their personal growth. In the first category, students prepared for patient encounters by developing care plans and conducting observations. The second category highlighted realistic fall management scenarios utilizing standardized patients. The third category focused on personal growth through critical reflection. In the 53 reflective journals (185,021 words), level 3 reflections accounted for 31.6% of the content, while level 5, the highest reflection level, comprised only 8.6%.
Conclusion Post-simulation reflective journaling stimulated critical thinking and self-assessment, enabling nursing students to analyze and reflect deeply on clinical practices. This process reinforced their knowledge base and behavioral foundations essential for clinical practice.
Purpose This study aimed to explore the roles, facilitators, barriers, and future directions of rapid response teams (RRTs) in Korean hospitals from the perspectives of both RRT and ward nurses.
Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with 10 RRT nurses and 10 ward nurses across three hospitals that employed RRTs in Korea from August 2021 to February 2022. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify themes relevant to RRT operations.
Results The analysis yielded 10 subtopics and 4 main themes: the exploration of RRT's essential roles, the facilitators and barriers impacting RRT operations, and the construction of a blueprint for future systems. Notable barriers included unclear job assignments without legal safeguards, conflict arising from hierarchical structures, and insufficient organizational support. The following facilitators were identified: transformed perceptions through collaborative efforts, organizational recognition and support, and self-reinforcement by demonstrating expertise.
Conclusion This study highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing RRTs in Korean hospitals, including the need for clear role definitions, effective interprofessional collaboration, and organizational support. Based on these findings, future efforts should focus on establishing legal frameworks that define the scope of practice for RRT nurses.
Purpose This study aimed to comprehensively understand the experiences of emergency nurses performing triage during the peak and plateau periods of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over the past two years.
Methods: Twenty triage nurses from three emergency medical centers were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Data collection occurred from February to May 2022 via focus group interviews and was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results: The experiences of emergency nurses in triage revealed four themes: "changes in priorities due to infectious diseases", "barriers to tirage", "the emotional burden experienced by triage nurses", and "the journey toward growth". The pandemic heightened the focus on infection screening in triage. Triage nurses faced numerous challenges concerning their own safety and that of their patients and encountered difficulties in performing triage. Nonetheless, these experiences provided them with opportunities for professional growth.
Conclusion: The experiences of nurses performing triage during the peak and plateau periods of the COVID-19 pandemic provide valuable insights for future preparedness and coping strategies in the face of similar infectious disease outbreaks. It is necessary to establish integrated triage guidelines for patient safety, develop operations manuals for triage, implement policies on staffing standards, and provide mental health support for triage nurses during pandemics.
Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe andropause-related difficulties experienced by men.
Methods: Two focus group interviews were conducted to collect the data from 10 Participants with andropause-related difficulties experienced. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using content analysis.
Results: We organized the responses concerning andropause symptoms into five essential categories: 1) uncontrollable physical changes, 2) intellectual decline, 3) changes in sexual function, 4) difficulties in controlling emotions, and 5) separation from society. The attempts to alleviate andropause were classified into seven distinct categories: 1) dietary modifications, 2) engaging in physical activities, 3) pursuing leisure and hobbies, 4) enhancing self-esteem and self-perception, 5) seeking support and comprehension from one's social circle, 6) utilizing informational resources concerning andropause, and 7) embracing and accepting andropause reality.
Conclusion: We analyzed the issues arising from andropause and the corresponding efforts to address them. A comprehensive understanding of andropause's causes, mechanisms, effective nursing interventions, and essential development of management programs, including education, is imperative.
Purpose COVID-19 is both a national crisis and a cause of individual trauma. This trauma is experienced during the period of acute illness and for an unpredictable duration after recovery. This study explored experiences of COVID-19 patients in hospital isolation, providing a detailed account of their experiences to furnish basic data necessary for establishing strategies to address the psychosocial problems that may arise from the hospital isolation process and recovery period.
Methods: We conducted comprehensive interviews and qualitative content analysis.
We held in-depth interviews with five COVID-19 patients from May 16 to August 22, 2021, and also analyzed data from interviews with five patients conducted as part of another study on COVID-19 patients' perceptions. Thus, 10 participants' interviews were analyzed in this study.
Results: From the qualitative data, 34 codes, 9 subcategories, and 4 categories were identified. The categories included "Prioritization of epidemic prevention over treatment," "Victims who have been labeled as perpetrators," "Gratitude felt in difficult moments," and "Demand for respect from the system and society." After analyzing these categories, we derived the overarching theme of "It's okay, but it's not okay." Conclusion: During isolation treatment, it is crucial to uphold human rights as much as possible by prioritizing patient care, providing a comfortable environment, and offering clear guidance on their progress. Communication between patients and caregivers should be facilitated to provide psychological support.
Furthermore, national policies such as economic compensation and strategies for post-traumatic growth should be implemented to address grievances and facilitate recovery.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of Korean nurses' research participation experiences; their resulting consent satisfaction; pressure to participate; satisfaction in participating; and the factors influencing research participation satisfaction.
Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to nurses who are employed at hospitals or higher medical institutions nationwide and have participated in nursing research at least once. 197 nurses participated in this study. 173 data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression.
Results Senior nurses made the most participation requests (21.4%). The coercion to participate in the research (2.67±0.64) was lower than normal (3). However, the coercion level to participate in the study was significantly higher when notified by the institution or department (F=5.29, p<.001), the department head requested participation (F=5.17, p<.001), or senior nurses instructed other nurses to participate (F=7.96, p<.001). Satisfaction with informed consent (β=.55, p<.001) and coercion to participate in the research (F=93.16, p<.001) were significant variables influencing the satisfaction with research participation (R2=.52).
Conclusion In order to protect the rights of nurses as research participants, it is necessary to improve researcher awareness and quality of nursing research, as well as provide ethical research environments for research participants.
Purpose We aimed to systematically review and synthesize qualitative evidence on the experiences of nurses caring for hemodialysis patients. Methods We used Noblit and Hare’s meta-ethnography. Seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, National Assembly Electronic Library) were used for the literature search. There were no restrictions placed on publication dates. A total of 10 studies published in English and Korean up until July 2021 were finally selected for review. Results Three themes were identified from the literature review, which were then divided into six subthemes: acquiring the technical skills of hemodialysis, responsibility for prolonging patients’ lives, and maintaining stable hemodialysis in patients’ daily lives. Conclusion The results of this study provide basic data that emphasizes the specific role of nurses in the hemodialysis unit, a specialized area of nursing, and can be utilized as educational material for hemodialysis unit nurse education.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe clinical practice nurse’s role experience working in a university hospital. Clinical practice nurses are a mix of certified and non-certified nurses. They perform some of the duties of physicians in addition to the work they do as nurses. In the future, such nurses may become advanced practice registered nurses.
Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with three groups, each consisting of eight participants. The interview lasted two and a half hours per group. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method.
Results The analysis yielded four categories and 14 themes. The four categories were “seeking an escape from the repeated routines as a nurse”, “pioneering and developing new roles as a clinical practice nurse”, “confusion about professional identity due to ambiguity in role boundaries”, and “securing oneself as a team member and establishing a role as a clinical practice nurse”.
Conclusion The scope of advanced practice registered nurses’ roles was meant to have been established in 2020, but this was not achieved. Thus, studying the role experience of clinical practice nurses and their experiences is worthwhile and the results can inform legislation. The results of the study will also help establish a customized curriculum for advanced practice nurses and ultimately improve the quality of nursing services for patients.
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Purpose This narrative review aims to provide an introduction and overview of dyadic research within the context of chronic illness. In addition, some methodological considerations and future directions for conducting dyadic research are presented. Methods The focus of this review is on adult participants in dyads and with chronic illness based on the previous studies and literatures on dyadic science. Results Theory of Dyadic Illness Management and Dyadic Regulation-Connectivity Model (DR-CM) may be appropriate for performing dyadic research. At present, there is a lack of qualitative and quantitative knowledge on the dyadic approach for research on chronic diseases. Dyadic health interventions for building collaborative relationships within a dyad may be beneficial to improve dyadic health outcomes. This article addressed some of the challenges regarding recruitment, data collection, and analysis when it comes to planning dyadic research pertaining to chronic illnesses. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should prioritize needs and preferences at the dyadic level when designing effective chronic disease management. Particularly, it is critical to regularly monitor the dyadic relationships or type of dyadic care during illness trajectories. More research should be undertaken on patient-family caregiver dyads in chronic care, considering the various types of chronic diseases and cultural diversities.
Soo Hyun Kim, Seongmi Moon, Seieun Oh, Youn-Jung Son, Youngrye Park, Soo Jung Chang, Kisook Kim, Jooyoung Cheon, Eun Hee Jang, Jeonghyun Cho, Sung-Hee Yoo, Hee Sun Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Yu Hyeon Choe
Korean J Adult Nurs 2021;33(4):406-414. Published online August 31, 2021
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the research performance during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among nursing researchers.
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted for Korean Society of Adult Nursing where 103 subjects participated from April 15 to May 14, 2021. The survey tool developed by researchers had 32 items including difficulties in performing research activities, perception of the impact of COVID-19 on research validity, and three open-ended questions.
Results: In the research planning phase, 88 subjects (90.7%) reported difficulties in the recruitment plan and 83 subjects (89.3%) reported difficulties selecting a research design. In the recruitment and data collection phase, 85 subjects (88.6%) had difficulties accessing data collection site and 78 subjects (85.7%) had difficulties in face-to-face data collection. In the provision of intervention phase (for experimental study), 26 subjects (66.7%) reported that they should have changed the method of delivery of intervention. In research administration and manpower management, 62 subjects (75.6%) reported difficulties in face-to-face meeting. In research outcome management, 65 subjects (85.5%) reported that they should have changed the way of research-related events. Lastly, 80 subjects (81.6%) perceived that difficulties caused by COVID-19 impacted research validity.
Conclusion: Majority of participants perceived that the difficulties in research activities may decrease research validity. To ensure research quality during COVID-19 pandemic, we should recognize potential threats to research validity and actively pursue adaptable innovations of research designs and data collection methods.
Purpose This study was performed to explore the contexts and meanings of health life among patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: The ethnography steps presented by Spradley were utilized. The participants were 12 patients from two hemodialysis centers. Data were collected by iterative fieldwork through in-depth interviews and participant observations and analyzed using text analysis and taxonomic methods. Field notes were used along with interviews and dialogue between authors to enhance interpretation.
Results: Five themes on the health life of participants emerged: experiencing the loss of normality of the body and the collapse of daily life, establishing the role of dialysis patients, reorganizing the network, building an integrated coping pattern, and new normalization of the pattern of life. Patients' experiences differed in health life's patterns and meanings according to various individual situations and sociocultural contexts.
Conclusion: Establishing new patterns of life of hemodialysis patients was a normalization process to ensure the adequacy of physical indicators and stability amid physical, emotional, and social challenges. To achieve quality health life, patients should be provided with tailored nursing interventions that consider their individual, social, and cultural situations.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge structure of nursing research on heart failure in Korea. Methods Fifty-two studies published in Korea and 41 published abroad by domestic researches from 1988 to 2019, were included. Meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were extracted and refined, and co-occurrence matrix was generated. Using Phython 3.7 for edge weight, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality and Gephi 0.9.2 for visualization, 571 keywords were analyzed. Results The core keywords were “patient”, “heart failure”, “symptom”, “function”, “quality of life”, “self-care”, and “intervention”. The sociogram identified “patient”, “heart failure”, and “symptom” as the largest node, and the edge weight between the keywords was the highest. From 1988 to 2019, keywords such as “patient”, “heart failure”, and “symptom” ranked the highest.
Especially, from 2016 to 2019, “quality of life”, “NYHA”, and “medication” ranked lower, but “cognition”, “health literacy”, “behavior”, “self-efficacy”, “man”, “woman”, and “age” newly appeared or ranked higher. Conclusion It is recommended that Korean heart failure nursing researchers conduct researches related to self-care for symptom management of heart failure patients, especially on nursing interventions. In addition, nursing researchers should conduct studies on the cognition and health literacy related to self-care of the elderly patients with heart failure
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Purpose To explore the nature of psychological resistance to the initiation of antihypertensive medication. Methods Participants were 13 adults with hypertension who were refusing or had refused to take antihypertensive drugs from July 2016 to October 2016. The data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews, and analyzed according to Braun and Clarke’s 6 steps of thematic analysis. Results Analysis of the psychological resistance experience to drug therapy in hypertensive patients resulted in 5 themes and 10 sub-themes from a total of 42 free codes. Participants were “holding out as much as possible without medication” without taking antihypertensive drugs due to “psychological opposition to starting treatment” and “situational barriers related to medication”. However, they were “coming to grips with reality” that they were not taking medication but would take it someday, and they gained “momentum for change” to start taking it. Conclusion The 5 themes derived from the data analysis of the experiences of 13 participants are interrelated and suggest the direction of intervention to lower psychological resistance. In particular, we propose the development of an intervention to assist patients in self-decision regarding taking antihypertensive medication. Additional research into the role of medical staff in lowering the psychological resistance of young hypertensive patients is needed.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the significance and structure of the painful experience of primary decision-makers regarding the Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) instruction. METHODS This study was a qualitative research based on Parse's qualitative research method. Participants were 7 family members who were primary decision-makers for regarding DNR instruction for the family member from July 28, to October 6, 2018. RESULTS The core concepts of the difficulties of the participants were Distress emerging from the pitiful condition of the patient, guilt, sadness and regret, Seeking comfort for loved ones, Uncertainty of DNR decision, Planning the resumption of daily life and decision about own DNR. The painful experience of participants can be defined as the process of empowering the patient through verbal communication with them, by valuing them, and by enabling them to overcome their limitations. CONCLUSION The result of this study is expected to contribute to a deep understanding of primary DNR decision-makers' suffering and developing guidelines for nursing care for health care professionals and primary DNR decision-makers who provide end-of-life care to the patients.
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PURPOSE This study attempts to explore the experiences of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donation (HSCD) among donors and experts of HSCD-related institutions in South Korea. METHODS In July 2017, 7 donors and 8 experts with experience of HSCD-related work were interviewed. The transcribed data were qualitatively analyzed to identify major themes and sub-themes representing the experiences of the donors and experts. RESULTS The analysis indicated that donors' HSCD-related experiences were structured into 5 themes (“Lack of understanding of HSCDâ€, “Difficulty in decision-making regarding HSCDâ€, “Major hassles involving HSCDâ€, “Meaningful experiences and hopefulness†and “More effort by government and institutions for future donorsâ€). The experts' experiences were structured into 4 themes (“Improving the donation procedure through government supportâ€, “Improving the donation procedure through campaign reinforcementâ€, “Donors' characteristicsâ€, and “Meaning of my jobâ€). CONCLUSION HSCD-related institutions must manage donors more carefully. This would involve keeping them aware of what they are likely to experience throughout the donation procedure, follow-up monitoring, and continuous support. Efforts should be taken to inform nurses involved in HSCD of research on donors' experiences, and they must be systematically trained to ease donors' difficulties.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate a successful aging experience of aged on the in-home benefits of long-term care insurance. METHODS The participants included 12 aged individuals receiving such benefits. Data were collected using in-depth interviews from November of 2016 to July of 2017. The qualitative analysis process followed the grounded theory method by Strauss and Corbin. RESULTS The research results indicate that the core category was “living my life in my home using my remaining abilitiesâ€. The phenomenon was “recognizing the limitations of my bodyâ€, and causal conditions were “old and sick body†and “depressionâ€. The interaction strategies were “examining my bodyâ€, “engaging in self-reflectionâ€, “controlling my mindâ€, “taking care of my health according to the illnesses I experienceâ€, “managing my remaining abilitiesâ€, “connecting with a supportive networkâ€, and “spending timeâ€. The outcomes were “living by adapting to my limited body conditionsâ€, “leading my life with the help of othersâ€, “sharing the meaning of life with othersâ€, and “reestablishing my life valuesâ€. CONCLUSION Based on the this results, systematic health management programs such as personalized physical activity to maintain and preserve remaining function of the body should be develop to maintain the life in my home for aged.
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PURPOSE The specific aims were to identify the process of fight against ovarian cancer and how the women interact with other people. METHODS The subjects included 12 women who were higher than stage II epithelial ovarian cancer. Data were collected with an in-depth individual interview from July 2017 to April 2018. The specific analysis process followed the grounded theory method of Corbin and Strauss. RESULTS The results show that the core category was “finding the existence value with being tied to the bridle of deathâ€. The outcomes were “fighting cancer in lonelinessâ€, “life compromised with deathâ€, and “social sublimationâ€. The women with ovarian cancer experienced the collapse of existence value while they reached the phase of implicit maintenance through the phases of chaos, active seeking, and desperate coping by using various strategies. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate psychosocial problems due to the collapse of women's existence value in the process of ovarian cancer treatment, which have an important effect on the entire treatment process. Thus, it is important to develop nursing strategies based on the characteristics of the process of treatment in ovarian cancer and health providers should support them to rebuild the value of the existence through it.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the process of symptom acceptance of tinnitus patients. METHODS Data were collected from October 2017 to March 2018 through individual in-depth interviews with 15 tinnitus patients. Verbatim transcripts and field notes were analyzed using grounded theory methodology developed by Corbin and Strauss. RESULTS The core category about the symptom acceptance of tinnitus patients was identified as “accepting tinnitus as an alarming sign to escape from the prison of ear ringing and maintain good health.†The acceptance of tinnitus consisted of three phases: “desperate effortâ€, “resigned reflection on the past stageâ€, and “voluntary change in viewpoint stageâ€. CONCLUSION The findings from this study show that tinnitus had a great impact on the life of the patients. The core category: “accepting tinnitus as an alarming sign to escape from the prison of ear ringing and maintain good health†shows the agony and endeavor of the patients in the process of accepting the symptom as the part of their life amid lack of social insight into tinnitus. Healthcare providers' cooperation is needed to build a supportive social atmosphere to help these patients empathetically and enhance their coping capabilities and symptom management. This finding will be helpful for developing educational programs and intervention guidelines and providing appropriate counseling services for these people.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore Inattentional Blindness (IB) as experienced by hospital nurses. METHODS Data were collected from August 3 to October 30, 2017 through focus group interviews with 24 nurses working in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Four focus group interviews were conducted and all interviews were recorded. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Three categories and seven subcategories were identified from 96 units of analysis, as follows: 1) occurrence of IB (preoccupation with specific factors, pressure from external factors, unexpected event); 2) triggers of IB (distraction, low expectation of error); and 3) influences due to exposure to IB (continuous self-surveillance, perceived need for thinking expansion). CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that nurses experienced IB directly and indirectly while performing their duties. IB occurred especially in common nursing situations, such as health assessment and medication administration. The results also suggest that it is necessary to develop strategies to prevent IB in the clinical setting, which can be useful not only to ensure patient safety but also to help patients regain their health.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to understand the experiences of family caregivers utilizing Care Support of Dementia Centers (CSDC) in the community. METHODS Colaizzi's phenomenological approach was used for this study. The participants were 10 family caregivers. Open in-depth interviews were used to collect data from January 2018 to February 2018. RESULTS Four categories emerged from the analysis. The experiences of family caregivers utilizing CSDC included “becoming to open the mind to dementiaâ€, “forming of good field for each otherâ€, “alterations in the patterns of family life†and “hoping for a better lifeâ€. There were 8 clusters of themes and 17 themes. The experiences of family caregivers utilizing CSDC were driving force of understanding about dementia, older adults with dementia and caring. The older adults with dementia accepted their disease, they actively participated in supporting programs. So, forming of another world that provide regular activities for older adults with dementia, giving rest to the family caregivers, and rearranging the pattern of life according to the schedule of older adults with dementia. Moreover, they expressed the need for a helpful and empathetic support program. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CSDC helped older adults with dementia and their family caregivers. Therefore, the importance of the role of dementia centers has been emphasized. It is necessary to provide guidance on the content and direction of the network of community support systems.
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PURPOSE This study was to explore and describe their experience of living with a colostomy. METHODS The data were collected by in-depth interviews with eight patients with colorectal cancer. The individual interviews lasted from 45 minutes to one hour each time, up to two times. The main questions were “How do you cope with the distress related to your colostomy?†The interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. RESULTS Of the eight participants, five were men and three were women. Mean age was 60.6 years. Three theme clusters were identified; ‘overcoming adversity of ostomy’, and ‘adjustment to ostomy’ and ‘new life through self-transcendence’. CONCLUSION These results showed that participants try to overcome their negative images and distress of having an ostomy by themselves, or with support from neighbors, families, religious persons or health professionals. The results from this study can help nurses to develop effective colostomy-caring interventions for patients living with a colostomy.
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PURPOSE There is limited available research about the experiences of family caregivers and their care of family members with cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of distress among family caregivers. Further, this study explored what aspects of caring for family member contributed to the distress. METHODS Data were collected through in-depth interviews with thirteen family members primarily responsible for the care of the member with cancer. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The findings showed that the patients' physical, psychological, socio-relational, and spiritual symptoms influenced their caregivers' distress. The four categories that emerged from the data included “focusing attention only on the patient battling with cancer,â€â€œbeing trapped in turmoil of complex emotions and feelings,â€â€œhaving had to endure alone,†and “hanging in there at the crossroads of life and death.†With respect to these categories, fourteen sub-categories were ultimately identified. CONCLUSION Based on this study, researchers need to focus more attention on, and explore such co-existing distress to develop an adequate support program for the family caregivers of cancer patients.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the nurses' experiences of end of life care of older adults with dementia living in long-term care hospitals and geriatric care facilities. METHODS The participants were nine nurses. Open in-depth interviews were used to collect data from June, 2016 to November, 2016. Colaizzi's phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Three categories were identified. The nurses' reported experiences of end of life care of older adults with dementia were ‘warm care with living together’, ‘care for family’, and the ‘self-reflection and responsibility as a nurse’. There were ten clusters of themes and 24 themes. The participants stated that the end of life care of older adults with dementia were individualized holistic care with dignity, being in older adults with dementia and family, and responsibility as a professional. Nurses reported the need for dementia hospice care. CONCLUSION These results could be considered in planning nursing intervention for hospice care. The findings support the need for educational strategies and programs to improve end of life care among older adults with dementia.
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PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to provide deep understanding of the reported experiences of families with their loved one in the intensive care unit (ICU), focusing on interactions with healthcare providers. METHODS The data were collected by individual interviews of eleven participants. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify major themes and sub-themes that represented the experiences of families. RESULTS Five themes and 13 sub-themes emerged. “Captive of patients' delayed death: Fear and anxiety†describes psychological problems arising when the family member became critically ill enough to warrant being admitted to the ICU. “Families as the weak: Suppression and resistance†describes interpersonal difficulties arisingdue to lack of information and trust with healthcare providers. “Deprivation of authority and duty as families: Helplessness†illustrate situational barriers in attempting to protect and support family member. “Re-establishment of trust relationship with healthcare providers: Gratitude and appreciation†describes how they satisfied with themselves by regaining trust relationship. Lastly, “Acceptance of reality through direct care participation: Relief and peace†illustrates peace of mind by gaining sense of reality through active direct care participation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the positive and negative experiences of families with ICU patients. The results will be useful in developing family-centered nursing interventions.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the reported experiences of health management among twenty elderly workers living in urban areas. METHODS Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory approach was used to capture the meaning of health management. Theoretical sampling technique was used in the interviews. Using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, data were collected and analyzed simultaneously. RESULTS The core category was ‘pursuing health to take root in the workplace.’ Four stages of the elderly workers' health management were identified as ‘awareness of health changes’, ‘having the will to be healthy’, ‘utilization of health care resources’, and ‘reorganization of health habits.’ However, when the elderly workers reported limited capacity to manage their health, then two new categories were described: ‘awareness of health changes’ and ‘settlement with current health.’ CONCLUSION: To the elderly workers the concept of working was equated with being healthy. Further, the participants reported having a future oriented view of health and sought health to extend their working lives. The specialized intervention of health management targeting elderly workers in the settlement stage of current health habits should be provided.
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experience of pursuing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in breast cancer patients. METHODS Ten women with breast cancer participated in the study. Data were collected through individual in-depth unstructured and individualized interviews with each participant from February to July, 2015. Theoretical sampling was used upto the point of theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed using Corbin & Strauss's grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Through open coding, 22 sub-categories, and 13 categories were identified. Analysis revealed that the core category was 'endless management of mind and body for healing', which consisted of four phases; exploring, applying, grasping, and integrating. Through this process, the participants utilized various action/interactional strategies such as 'dealing with information', 'trying out blindly', 'enduring volitionally', 'experiencing effects on mind and body,' and 'grasping one's own way.' The consequences of these strategies were integrating the habit of health remedy into one's life, becoming a main agent for change, and tolerating one's weak body. CONCLUSION In-depth understanding of the CAM pursuing experiences of patients with breast cancer would guide clinical nurses and policy makers to develop effective interventions and policies for better supporting them with regard to the usage of CAM.
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