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Original Article

A Phenomenological Study on Illness Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer

Misoo Yoo1, Myungsun Yi2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2015;27(5):515-526.
Published online: October 31, 2015

1Department of Nursing, Yeoju Institute of Technology, Yeoju

2College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Yoo, Misoo Department of Nursing, Yeoju Institute of Technology, 338 Sejong-ro, Yeoju 469-705, Korea. Tel: +82-31-880-5325, Fax: +82-31-880-7041, E-mail: sacom8@hanmail.net
• Received: August 8, 2015   • Accepted: September 9, 2015

Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to describe the illness experience of patients with pressure ulcer.
  • Methods
    A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. The data were collected by individual in-depth interview with seven participants with pressure ulcer during 2013~2014. All interviews were audio-taped and verbatim transcripts were made for the analysis. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.
  • Results
    All participants had underlying disease, such as spinal paralysis and diabetes. Average period of having pressure ulcer was 18 months, ranged from 3 to 36 months. A total of seven theme clusters were derived from the analysis; unexpected wound, inherent vulnerability to infection, reversal of the treatment policy, unpleasant and strange feeling of wound, sweeping fear and helplessness, socioeconomic burden, and healing through specific actions and reflection. The participants faced various contradictory and paradoxical situations in managing their pressure ulcers as well as underlying diseases in their everyday life. However, they slowly overcome these situations by strictly practicing concrete action-oriented strategies that they have learned through suffering and appreciating miraculous wound healing.
  • Conclusion
    The results of this study can help developing a patient-specific intervention program with sufficient emotional support by providing insights of the paradoxical illness experience of patients with pressure ulcer.
  • Key Words: Pressure ulcer; Qualitative research; Illness experience
Table 1.
Demographic and Pressure Ulcer Characteristics of the Participants
No. Sex Age (year) Marital status Economic status Education Diagnosis Location of Pressure ulcer Onset of pressure ulcer (date)
1 F 52 Divorced Middle High school Breast cancer with Sacrum 2012.6
            brain metastasis    
2 F 40 Single Middle High school Spinal cord Injury Sacrum 1993.8
3 F 46 Single Low High school Spinal cord Injury Sacrum & both 2008.5
              trochanter  
4 M 50 Single Middle High school Syringomyelia Sacrum, both 1998.11
              trochanter & heel  
5 M 68 Bereaved Middle Middle school Cerebral infarction Sacrum 1997.7
6 M 42 Single Middle High school Congestive heart Sacrum & both 2013.5
            failure trochanter  
7 M 49 Single Middle High school Diabetes Mellitus Sacrum 2010.10
Table 2.
Themes of the Lived Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer
Theme cluster Theme
Unexpected wound ․ Ignorance and prejudice about pressure ulcer
․ Concealment and duplicity of pressure ulcer
Inherent vulnerability to infection ․ Proximity of excretory organ
․ Contradiction of position change
․ Nonexistence of continuous caring
Reversal of the treatment policy ․ Underlying disease overwhelmed by pressure ulcer
․ Dual suffering due to underlying disease and pressure ulcer
Unpleasant and strange feeling of wound ․ Feeling of wound always flown wet
․ Weird smell and shredded wound
Sweeping fear and helplessness ․ Fear of sepsis
․ Anger and helplessness
Socio-economic burden ․ Social isolation and sense of alineation
․ treatment expenditure leaking slowly
Healing through specific actions and reflection ․ Information seeking through recognition about seriousness of would and
․ Strict implementation of treatment regimen
․ Appreciation of the mystery of wound healing
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    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Effectiveness of Devices for Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: A scoping Review
      Soo Youn Jung, Mina Park, Kyoung Ja Moon
      Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(2): 123.     CrossRef
    • Pressure distribution in tilting and reclining wheelchairs with an air cushion: A pilot study
      Hyunwoo Choi, Heymin Lee, Jeongwon Choi, Jisu Moon, Juhyang Jeong, Dohee Joo, Ingyu Yoo
      Biomedical Human Kinetics.2021; 13(1): 121.     CrossRef

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    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(5):515-526.   Published online October 31, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.5.515
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    A Phenomenological Study on Illness Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(5):515-526.   Published online October 31, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.5.515
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    A Phenomenological Study on Illness Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer
    A Phenomenological Study on Illness Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer

    Demographic and Pressure Ulcer Characteristics of the Participants

    No. Sex Age (year) Marital status Economic status Education Diagnosis Location of Pressure ulcer Onset of pressure ulcer (date)
    1 F 52 Divorced Middle High school Breast cancer with Sacrum 2012.6
                brain metastasis    
    2 F 40 Single Middle High school Spinal cord Injury Sacrum 1993.8
    3 F 46 Single Low High school Spinal cord Injury Sacrum & both 2008.5
                  trochanter  
    4 M 50 Single Middle High school Syringomyelia Sacrum, both 1998.11
                  trochanter & heel  
    5 M 68 Bereaved Middle Middle school Cerebral infarction Sacrum 1997.7
    6 M 42 Single Middle High school Congestive heart Sacrum & both 2013.5
                failure trochanter  
    7 M 49 Single Middle High school Diabetes Mellitus Sacrum 2010.10

    Themes of the Lived Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer

    Theme cluster Theme
    Unexpected wound ․ Ignorance and prejudice about pressure ulcer
    ․ Concealment and duplicity of pressure ulcer
    Inherent vulnerability to infection ․ Proximity of excretory organ
    ․ Contradiction of position change
    ․ Nonexistence of continuous caring
    Reversal of the treatment policy ․ Underlying disease overwhelmed by pressure ulcer
    ․ Dual suffering due to underlying disease and pressure ulcer
    Unpleasant and strange feeling of wound ․ Feeling of wound always flown wet
    ․ Weird smell and shredded wound
    Sweeping fear and helplessness ․ Fear of sepsis
    ․ Anger and helplessness
    Socio-economic burden ․ Social isolation and sense of alineation
    ․ treatment expenditure leaking slowly
    Healing through specific actions and reflection ․ Information seeking through recognition about seriousness of would and
    ․ Strict implementation of treatment regimen
    ․ Appreciation of the mystery of wound healing
    Table 1. Demographic and Pressure Ulcer Characteristics of the Participants

    Table 2. Themes of the Lived Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

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