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Original Article

Trend Analysis of Research in the Korean Journal of Adult Nursing for 5 Years (2010~2014): Focused on Usage of Nursing Theories

Nam Kyung Han1, Sanghee Kim2, Myoung Shin Kim3, Jong Gun Kim4, Chang Hwan Kim5, Seung Hye Choi6
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2015;27(5):527-536.
Published online: October 31, 2015

1Department of Nursing, Gyeongbuk College of Health & Doctoral Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul

2College of Nursing & Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul

3Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University & Doctoral Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul

4Department of Nursing, Suwon Women's University & Doctoral Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul

5Samsung Medical Center, Seoul & Master Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul

6Amy Cadet Military School & Master Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Sanghee College of Nursing & Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2228-3388, Fax: +82-2-392-5440, E-mail: sangheekim@yuhs.ac
• Received: July 8, 2015   • Accepted: September 30, 2015

Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of nursing theories by Korean Journal of Adult Nursing (KJAN) for the last five years and to provide future directions for improvement.
  • Methods
    The study analyzed data collected from 323 research papers published in KJAN between 2010~2014. Descriptive analysis was conducted with a focus on frequency and percentage for the quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was performed for the analysis of nursing theories.
  • Results
    As for research topics, the analysis results based on the meta-paradigm of nursing show that the most frequent factors of analysis were adult patients in the area of human beings, hospitals in the area of environment, depression, anxiety, and suicide in the area of health, and all the influential factors in the area of nursing. The analysis results of uses of nursing theories in the papers reveal that only 4(1.2%) out of total 323 papers used the nursing theories, which indicates that the linkage and utilization of nursing theories in the published papers for the last five years were poor.
  • Conclusion
    We needs to make efforts at the society level to activate nursing theory utilization in research which is beloved to connect nursing practice, education, and research.
  • Key Words: Nursing research; Trends; Nursing theories; Analysis
Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Research Published in KJAN for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323
Variables Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
Researcher (1st author) Professor 211 (65.3) 56 (83.6) 40 (70.2) 33 (51.6) 46 (67.6) 36 (53.7)
Nurse 24 (7.4) 2 (3.0) 8 (14.0) 7 (10.9) 4 (5.9) 3 (4.5)
Graduate student 78 (24.1) 9 (13.4) 7 (12.3) 19 (29.7) 17 (25.0) 26 (38.8)
Others 10 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 5 (7.8) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.0)
Study population (gender) Female 44 (13.6) 3 (4.5) 10 (17.5) 9 (14.1) 13 (19.1) 9 (13.4)
Male 14 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 4 (7.0) 3 (4.7) 4 (5.9) 4 (6.0)
Both 203 (62.8) 63 (94.0) 12 (21.1) 41 (64.1) 37 (54.4) 49 (73.1)
Unknown 62 (19.2) 1 (1.5) 31 (54.4) 11 (17.2) 14 (20.6) 5 (7.5)
Study population (life-cycle) Adult 281 (87.0) 66 (98.5) 32 (56.1) 59 (92.2) 61 (89.7) 63 (94.0)
Growing generation 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
All ages 25 (7.7) 1 (1.5) 23 (40.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0)
Others 15 (4.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 4 (6.3) 6 (8.8) 3 (4.5)
None applicable 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
Study on the place Hospital 158 (48.9) 25 (37.3) 25 (43.9) 36 (56.3) 40 (58.8) 32 (47.8)
Community 81 (25.1) 13 (19.4) 15 (26.3) 13 (20.3) 17 (25.0) 23 (34.3)
School 32 (9.9) 15 (22.4) 4 (7.0) 4 (6.3) 6 (8.8) 3 (4.5)
Other facilities 26 (8.0) 11 (16.4) 4 (7.0) 7 (10.9) 1 (1.5) 3 (4.5)
Home 8 (2.5) 3 (4.5) 4 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
None applicable 18 (5.6) 0 (0.0) 5 (8.8) 4 (6.3) 4 (5.9) 5 (7.5)
Table 2.
Trends in the Types of Research and Research Designs in KJAN for Last 5 Years(unit: the number of articles) (N=323)
Variables Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
Research type Qualitative 37 (11.5) 8 (11.9) 7 (12.3) 2 (3.1) 10 (14.7) 10 (14.9)
Quantitative 250 (77.4) 53 (79.1) 44 (77.2) 57 (89.1) 49 (72.1) 47 (70.1)
Program development 5 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0)
Q methodology 8 (2.5) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.8) 1 (1.6) 3 (4.4) 2 (3.0)
Concept analysis 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
Meta-analysis & systemic review 11 (3.4) 3 (4.5) 2 (3.5) 2 (3.1) 3 (4.4) 1 (1.5)
Others 10 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.1) 2 (2.9) 6 (9.0)
Research design (Quantitative) Survey 173 (53.6) 42 (62.7) 35 (61.4) 40 (62.5) 27 (39.7) 29 (43.3)
Experimental study 63 (19.5) 8 (11.9) 9 (15.8) 11 (17.2) 22 (32.4) 13 (19.4)
) Methodological study 4 (1.2) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
Secondary data analysis 8 (2.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 4 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.5)
Others 2 (0.6) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
Research design (Qualitative) Phenomenology 16 (5.0) 4 (6.0) 5 (8.8) 2 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 5 (7.5)
Grounded theory 6 (1.9) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 2 (3.0)
Ethnography 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.0)
Content analysis 8 (2.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (8.8) 1 (1.5)
Others 5 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0)
Data collection† Self-reported questionnaire 223 (69.0) 47 (70.1) 40 (70.2) 44 (68.8) 46 (67.6) 46 (68.7)
Physiological measurements 42 (13.0) 13 (19.4) 5 (8.8) 3 (4.7) 12 (17.6) 9 (13.4)
Interview 82 (25.4) 9 (13.4) 15 (26.3) 21 (32.8) 23 (33.8) 14 (20.9)
Medical records 25 (7.7) 0 (0.0) 6 (10.5) 7 (10.9) 10 (14.7) 2 (3.0)
Observation 19 (5.9) 5 (7.5) 2 (3.5) 3 (4.7) 7 (10.3) 2 (3.0)
Delphi 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0)
Data analysis Descriptive statistics 323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
Parametric t-test 189 (58.5) 31 (46.3) 38 (66.7) 43 (67.2) 39 (57.4) 38 (56.7)
statistics‡ Chi-sqare test 110 (34.1) 21 (31.3) 18 (31.6) 24 (37.5) 26 (38.2) 21 (31.3)
ANOVA§ 124 (38.4) 9 (13.4) 26 (45.6) 33 (51.6) 25 (36.8) 31 (46.3)
Pearson correlation 90 (27.9) 5 (7.5) 24 (42.1) 29 (45.3) 16 (23.5) 16 (23.9)
Multiple regression 89 (27.6) 25 (37.3) 18 (31.6) 22 (34.4) 6 (8.8) 18 (26.9)
Logistic regression 34 (10.5) 11 (16.4) 8 (14.0) 5 (7.8) 3 (4.4) 7 (10.4)
Others 78 (24.1) 0 (0.0) 15 (26.3) 20 (31.3) 17 (25.0) 26 (38.8)

†Data collection : Multiple responses;

‡Parametric statistics : Multiple responses;

§Analysis of variance.

Table 3.
Keyword Classifications by Nursing Meta-paradigm in KJAN for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323)
Variables Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n %)
Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
Human Patient of elderly 46 (14.2) 13 (19.4) 13 (22.8) 5 (7.8) 6 (8.8) 9 (13.4)
Patient of adult (included elderly) 135 (41.8) 29 (43.3) 26 (45.6) 20 (31.3) 34 (50.0) 26 (38.8)
Nurse 59 (18.3) 7 (10.4) 5 (8.8) 18 (28.1) 13 (19.1) 16 (23.9)
Nursing student 8 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 3 (5.3) 1 (1.6) 2 (2.9) 2 (3.0)
Ordinary person 50 (15.5) 15 (22.4) 7 (12.3) 14 (21.9) 8 (11.8) 6 (9.0)
Others 25 (7.7) 3 (4.5) 3 (5.3) 6 (9.4) 5 (7.4) 8 (11.9)
Environment Special care unit 31 (9.6) 6 (9.0) 3 (5.3) 6 (9.4) 8 (11.8) 8 (11.9)
Shift work 20 (6.2) 1 (1.5) 4 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 9 (13.2) 6 (9.0)
Outpatient clinic 27 (8.4) 2 (3.0) 11 (19.3) 0 (0.0) 8 (11.8) 6 (9.0)
Community 99 (30.7) 11 (16.4) 20 (35.1) 25 (39.1) 17 (25.0) 26 (38.8)
Hospital 106 (32.8) 45 (67.2) 9 (15.8) 26 (40.6) 14 (20.6) 12 (17.9)
Others 40 (12.4) 2 (3.0) 10 (17.5) 7 (10.9) 12 (17.6) 9 (13.4)
Health Quality of life 35 (10.8) 6 (9.0) 6 (10.5) 8 (12.5) 6 (8.8) 9 (13.4)
Depression, anxiety, suicide 56 (17.3) 11 (16.4) 8 (14.0) 17 (26.6) 10 (14.7) 10 (14.9)
Knowledge 27 (8.4) 10 (14.9) 6 (10.5) 6 (9.4) 3 (4.4) 2 (3.0)
Stress 36 (11.1) 11 (16.4) 5 (8.8) 12 (18.8) 2 (2.9) 6 (9.0)
Pain 16 (5.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (7.0) 6 (9.4) 5 (7.4) 0 (0.0)
Attitude (self-esteem, belief, etc) 51 (15.8) 12 (17.9) 4 (7.0) 13 (20.3) 14 (20.6) 8 (11.9)
Health promotion 20 (6.2) 1 (1.5) 6 (10.5) 3 (4.7) 4 (5.9) 6 (9.0)
Health condition 54 (16.7) 3 (4.5) 5 (8.8) 30 (46.9) 9 (13.2) 7 (10.4)
Self care 15 (4.6) 7 (10.4) 4 (7.0) 2 (3.1) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0)
Social support 19 (5.9) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.8) 8 (12.5) 4 (5.9) 4 (6.0)
Cancer 4 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Self-efficacy 14 (4.3) 4 (6.0) 2 (3.5) 2 (3.1) 2 (2.9) 4 (6.0)
Other somatic symptom 35 (10.8) 7 (10.4) 9 (15.8) 0 (0.0) 17 (25.0) 2 (3.0)
Others 107 (33.1) 9 (13.4) 12 (21.1) 17 (26.6) 24 (35.3) 45 (67.2)
Nursing Patient education 7 (2.2) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.5) 1 (1.6) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0)
Massage 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
Coping 9 (2.8) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 4 (5.9) 1 (1.5)
Application of replacement therapy 11 (3.4) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.8) 2 (3.1) 4 (5.9) 3 (4.5)
Application of other program 42 (13.0) 11 (16.4) 8 (14.0) 9 (14.1) 9 (13.2) 5 (7.5)
Development of program 12 (3.7) 5 (7.5) 2 (3.5) 1 (1.6) 3 (4.4) 1 (1.5)
Nursing intervention (except above) 18 (5.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 4 (6.3) 10 (14.7) 2 (3.0)
Nursing diagnosis 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
Hospice 1 (0.3) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Effect the issue 140 (43.3) 31 (46.3) 31 (54.4) 37 (57.8) 17 (25.0) 24 (35.8)
Others 79 (24.5) 14 (20.9) 7 (12.3) 10 (15.6) 19 (27.9) 29 (43.3)
Table 4.
Conceptual Frameworks used in the KJAN Articles for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323)
Variable Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
Research Theories of nursing 4 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.6) 2 (2.9) 1 (1.5)
type Concept of nursing 15 (4.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 1 (1.6) 7 (10.3) 5 (7.5)
  Others 21 (6.5) 4 (6.0) 3 (5.3) 1 (1.6) 7 (10.3) 6 (9.0)
  None 283 (87.6) 63 (94.0) 52 (91.2) 61 (95.3) 52 (76.5) 55 (82.1)
Table 5.
Examples of Nursing Theories Used in the KJAN for Last 5 Years
No. Published by year Title Nursing theories
Categories Model
1 2012 Predictive model of health-related quality of life of Korean goose daddies Practice & situation specific theories Model of health-related quality of life
2 2013 Influencing and mediating factors in health behaviors among stoke patients Middle range theories Model of health promotion
3 2013 The comparison of health promotion behavior, post traumatic growth and quality of life according to stages of survivorship in patients with female genital neoplasm Middle range theories Model of health promotion
4 2014 Factors influencing health-promoting behaviors in people living with HIV Middle range theories Model of health promotion
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    Trend Analysis of Research in the Korean Journal of Adult Nursing for 5 Years (2010~2014): Focused on Usage of Nursing Theories
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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.5.527
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    Trend Analysis of Research in the Korean Journal of Adult Nursing for 5 Years (2010~2014): Focused on Usage of Nursing Theories
    Trend Analysis of Research in the Korean Journal of Adult Nursing for 5 Years (2010~2014): Focused on Usage of Nursing Theories

    General Characteristics of the Research Published in KJAN for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323

    Variables Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
    n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
    Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
    Researcher (1st author) Professor 211 (65.3) 56 (83.6) 40 (70.2) 33 (51.6) 46 (67.6) 36 (53.7)
    Nurse 24 (7.4) 2 (3.0) 8 (14.0) 7 (10.9) 4 (5.9) 3 (4.5)
    Graduate student 78 (24.1) 9 (13.4) 7 (12.3) 19 (29.7) 17 (25.0) 26 (38.8)
    Others 10 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 5 (7.8) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.0)
    Study population (gender) Female 44 (13.6) 3 (4.5) 10 (17.5) 9 (14.1) 13 (19.1) 9 (13.4)
    Male 14 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 4 (7.0) 3 (4.7) 4 (5.9) 4 (6.0)
    Both 203 (62.8) 63 (94.0) 12 (21.1) 41 (64.1) 37 (54.4) 49 (73.1)
    Unknown 62 (19.2) 1 (1.5) 31 (54.4) 11 (17.2) 14 (20.6) 5 (7.5)
    Study population (life-cycle) Adult 281 (87.0) 66 (98.5) 32 (56.1) 59 (92.2) 61 (89.7) 63 (94.0)
    Growing generation 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    All ages 25 (7.7) 1 (1.5) 23 (40.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0)
    Others 15 (4.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 4 (6.3) 6 (8.8) 3 (4.5)
    None applicable 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Study on the place Hospital 158 (48.9) 25 (37.3) 25 (43.9) 36 (56.3) 40 (58.8) 32 (47.8)
    Community 81 (25.1) 13 (19.4) 15 (26.3) 13 (20.3) 17 (25.0) 23 (34.3)
    School 32 (9.9) 15 (22.4) 4 (7.0) 4 (6.3) 6 (8.8) 3 (4.5)
    Other facilities 26 (8.0) 11 (16.4) 4 (7.0) 7 (10.9) 1 (1.5) 3 (4.5)
    Home 8 (2.5) 3 (4.5) 4 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    None applicable 18 (5.6) 0 (0.0) 5 (8.8) 4 (6.3) 4 (5.9) 5 (7.5)

    Trends in the Types of Research and Research Designs in KJAN for Last 5 Years(unit: the number of articles) (N=323)

    Variables Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
    n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
    Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
    Research type Qualitative 37 (11.5) 8 (11.9) 7 (12.3) 2 (3.1) 10 (14.7) 10 (14.9)
    Quantitative 250 (77.4) 53 (79.1) 44 (77.2) 57 (89.1) 49 (72.1) 47 (70.1)
    Program development 5 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0)
    Q methodology 8 (2.5) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.8) 1 (1.6) 3 (4.4) 2 (3.0)
    Concept analysis 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Meta-analysis & systemic review 11 (3.4) 3 (4.5) 2 (3.5) 2 (3.1) 3 (4.4) 1 (1.5)
    Others 10 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.1) 2 (2.9) 6 (9.0)
    Research design (Quantitative) Survey 173 (53.6) 42 (62.7) 35 (61.4) 40 (62.5) 27 (39.7) 29 (43.3)
    Experimental study 63 (19.5) 8 (11.9) 9 (15.8) 11 (17.2) 22 (32.4) 13 (19.4)
    ) Methodological study 4 (1.2) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Secondary data analysis 8 (2.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 4 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.5)
    Others 2 (0.6) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Research design (Qualitative) Phenomenology 16 (5.0) 4 (6.0) 5 (8.8) 2 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 5 (7.5)
    Grounded theory 6 (1.9) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 2 (3.0)
    Ethnography 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.0)
    Content analysis 8 (2.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (8.8) 1 (1.5)
    Others 5 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0)
    Data collection† Self-reported questionnaire 223 (69.0) 47 (70.1) 40 (70.2) 44 (68.8) 46 (67.6) 46 (68.7)
    Physiological measurements 42 (13.0) 13 (19.4) 5 (8.8) 3 (4.7) 12 (17.6) 9 (13.4)
    Interview 82 (25.4) 9 (13.4) 15 (26.3) 21 (32.8) 23 (33.8) 14 (20.9)
    Medical records 25 (7.7) 0 (0.0) 6 (10.5) 7 (10.9) 10 (14.7) 2 (3.0)
    Observation 19 (5.9) 5 (7.5) 2 (3.5) 3 (4.7) 7 (10.3) 2 (3.0)
    Delphi 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0)
    Data analysis Descriptive statistics 323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
    Parametric t-test 189 (58.5) 31 (46.3) 38 (66.7) 43 (67.2) 39 (57.4) 38 (56.7)
    statistics‡ Chi-sqare test 110 (34.1) 21 (31.3) 18 (31.6) 24 (37.5) 26 (38.2) 21 (31.3)
    ANOVA§ 124 (38.4) 9 (13.4) 26 (45.6) 33 (51.6) 25 (36.8) 31 (46.3)
    Pearson correlation 90 (27.9) 5 (7.5) 24 (42.1) 29 (45.3) 16 (23.5) 16 (23.9)
    Multiple regression 89 (27.6) 25 (37.3) 18 (31.6) 22 (34.4) 6 (8.8) 18 (26.9)
    Logistic regression 34 (10.5) 11 (16.4) 8 (14.0) 5 (7.8) 3 (4.4) 7 (10.4)
    Others 78 (24.1) 0 (0.0) 15 (26.3) 20 (31.3) 17 (25.0) 26 (38.8)

    †Data collection : Multiple responses;

    ‡Parametric statistics : Multiple responses;

    §Analysis of variance.

    Keyword Classifications by Nursing Meta-paradigm in KJAN for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323)

    Variables Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
    n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n %)
    Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
    Human Patient of elderly 46 (14.2) 13 (19.4) 13 (22.8) 5 (7.8) 6 (8.8) 9 (13.4)
    Patient of adult (included elderly) 135 (41.8) 29 (43.3) 26 (45.6) 20 (31.3) 34 (50.0) 26 (38.8)
    Nurse 59 (18.3) 7 (10.4) 5 (8.8) 18 (28.1) 13 (19.1) 16 (23.9)
    Nursing student 8 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 3 (5.3) 1 (1.6) 2 (2.9) 2 (3.0)
    Ordinary person 50 (15.5) 15 (22.4) 7 (12.3) 14 (21.9) 8 (11.8) 6 (9.0)
    Others 25 (7.7) 3 (4.5) 3 (5.3) 6 (9.4) 5 (7.4) 8 (11.9)
    Environment Special care unit 31 (9.6) 6 (9.0) 3 (5.3) 6 (9.4) 8 (11.8) 8 (11.9)
    Shift work 20 (6.2) 1 (1.5) 4 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 9 (13.2) 6 (9.0)
    Outpatient clinic 27 (8.4) 2 (3.0) 11 (19.3) 0 (0.0) 8 (11.8) 6 (9.0)
    Community 99 (30.7) 11 (16.4) 20 (35.1) 25 (39.1) 17 (25.0) 26 (38.8)
    Hospital 106 (32.8) 45 (67.2) 9 (15.8) 26 (40.6) 14 (20.6) 12 (17.9)
    Others 40 (12.4) 2 (3.0) 10 (17.5) 7 (10.9) 12 (17.6) 9 (13.4)
    Health Quality of life 35 (10.8) 6 (9.0) 6 (10.5) 8 (12.5) 6 (8.8) 9 (13.4)
    Depression, anxiety, suicide 56 (17.3) 11 (16.4) 8 (14.0) 17 (26.6) 10 (14.7) 10 (14.9)
    Knowledge 27 (8.4) 10 (14.9) 6 (10.5) 6 (9.4) 3 (4.4) 2 (3.0)
    Stress 36 (11.1) 11 (16.4) 5 (8.8) 12 (18.8) 2 (2.9) 6 (9.0)
    Pain 16 (5.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (7.0) 6 (9.4) 5 (7.4) 0 (0.0)
    Attitude (self-esteem, belief, etc) 51 (15.8) 12 (17.9) 4 (7.0) 13 (20.3) 14 (20.6) 8 (11.9)
    Health promotion 20 (6.2) 1 (1.5) 6 (10.5) 3 (4.7) 4 (5.9) 6 (9.0)
    Health condition 54 (16.7) 3 (4.5) 5 (8.8) 30 (46.9) 9 (13.2) 7 (10.4)
    Self care 15 (4.6) 7 (10.4) 4 (7.0) 2 (3.1) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0)
    Social support 19 (5.9) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.8) 8 (12.5) 4 (5.9) 4 (6.0)
    Cancer 4 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Self-efficacy 14 (4.3) 4 (6.0) 2 (3.5) 2 (3.1) 2 (2.9) 4 (6.0)
    Other somatic symptom 35 (10.8) 7 (10.4) 9 (15.8) 0 (0.0) 17 (25.0) 2 (3.0)
    Others 107 (33.1) 9 (13.4) 12 (21.1) 17 (26.6) 24 (35.3) 45 (67.2)
    Nursing Patient education 7 (2.2) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.5) 1 (1.6) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0)
    Massage 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Coping 9 (2.8) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 4 (5.9) 1 (1.5)
    Application of replacement therapy 11 (3.4) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.8) 2 (3.1) 4 (5.9) 3 (4.5)
    Application of other program 42 (13.0) 11 (16.4) 8 (14.0) 9 (14.1) 9 (13.2) 5 (7.5)
    Development of program 12 (3.7) 5 (7.5) 2 (3.5) 1 (1.6) 3 (4.4) 1 (1.5)
    Nursing intervention (except above) 18 (5.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 4 (6.3) 10 (14.7) 2 (3.0)
    Nursing diagnosis 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Hospice 1 (0.3) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Effect the issue 140 (43.3) 31 (46.3) 31 (54.4) 37 (57.8) 17 (25.0) 24 (35.8)
    Others 79 (24.5) 14 (20.9) 7 (12.3) 10 (15.6) 19 (27.9) 29 (43.3)

    Conceptual Frameworks used in the KJAN Articles for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323)

    Variable Characteristics Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
    n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
    Total   323 (100.0) 67 (100.0) 57 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 68 (100.0) 67 (100.0)
    Research Theories of nursing 4 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.6) 2 (2.9) 1 (1.5)
    type Concept of nursing 15 (4.6) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.5) 1 (1.6) 7 (10.3) 5 (7.5)
      Others 21 (6.5) 4 (6.0) 3 (5.3) 1 (1.6) 7 (10.3) 6 (9.0)
      None 283 (87.6) 63 (94.0) 52 (91.2) 61 (95.3) 52 (76.5) 55 (82.1)

    Examples of Nursing Theories Used in the KJAN for Last 5 Years

    No. Published by year Title Nursing theories
    Categories Model
    1 2012 Predictive model of health-related quality of life of Korean goose daddies Practice & situation specific theories Model of health-related quality of life
    2 2013 Influencing and mediating factors in health behaviors among stoke patients Middle range theories Model of health promotion
    3 2013 The comparison of health promotion behavior, post traumatic growth and quality of life according to stages of survivorship in patients with female genital neoplasm Middle range theories Model of health promotion
    4 2014 Factors influencing health-promoting behaviors in people living with HIV Middle range theories Model of health promotion
    Table 1. General Characteristics of the Research Published in KJAN for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323

    Table 2. Trends in the Types of Research and Research Designs in KJAN for Last 5 Years(unit: the number of articles) (N=323)

    Data collection : Multiple responses;

    Parametric statistics : Multiple responses;

    Analysis of variance.

    Table 3. Keyword Classifications by Nursing Meta-paradigm in KJAN for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323)

    Table 4. Conceptual Frameworks used in the KJAN Articles for Last 5 Years (unit: the number of articles) (N=323)

    Table 5. Examples of Nursing Theories Used in the KJAN for Last 5 Years

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

    Table 5.

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