Purpose This study aimed to identify the main keywords, network structures, and topical themes in patient safety incident reports using text network analysis. Methods: The study analyzed patient safety incident reports from a general hospital in Seoul, covering a total of 3,576 cases reported over five years, from 2019 to 2023. Unstructured data were extracted from the text of the incident reports, detailing how the patient safety incidents occurred and how they were managed according to the six-part principles. The analysis was conducted in four steps: 1) word extraction and refinement, 2) keyword extraction and word network generation, 3) network connectivity and centrality analysis, and 4) topic modeling analysis. The NetMiner program was used for data analysis. Results: The analysis of degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality revealed that the most common keywords among the top five were "confirmation," "medication," "inpatient room," "caregiver," and "condition." Topic modeling analysis identified three main topic groups: 1) incidents caused by a lack of awareness of fall risk, 2) incidents of non-compliance with basic medication principles, and 3) incidents due to inaccurate patient identification. Conclusion To prevent patient safety incidents, it is necessary to promote a culture of safety in hospitals, standardize patient identification procedures, and provide basic training in medication safety and fall prevention to healthcare staff. Furthermore, empirical research on patient safety practices is necessary to encourage active participation in patient safety activities by patients and family caregivers.
Purpose This study was performed to identify factors associated with nursing performance, classify potential profiles of nursing performance-related variables, and explain their effects on nursing performance. Methods The study involved 245 nurses at a University Hospital in South Korea from September 1 to 14, 2021. The participants were nurses in a ward who operated within a team and had at least 6 months of clinical experience. Structured questionnaires were used to measure variables, and data were collected online using Google Forms. Using latent profile analysis, the participants were classified into four human resource and job attitude profiles. Linear regression was used to identify relevant factors, and one-way analysis of variance was employed to examine the differences in nursing performance between the four profiles. Results Shared leadership (β=.30, p<.001) was most strongly associated with nursing performance, followed by authentic leadership (β=.16, p=.009), and education level (β=.15, p=.006).
Significant differences in nursing performance (F=22.48, p<.001) were observed across profiles, with the groups deemed "excellent" and "best" scoring higher in nursing performance and authentic leadership compared to the "fair" and "worst" groups. However, no significant difference in education level was found across the latent profiles (p=.212). Conclusion This research examined the impact on nursing performance through variable-centered analysis and a person-centered approach. Accordingly, this study provides valuable insights for interpreting the results of linear regression analysis, highlighting the need to consider individual heterogeneity.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and educational demand regarding Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) infection control among nurses in wards with cohort isolation rooms. Methods A mixed-methods design was applied. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and data from 61 nurses and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0. An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups with 12 nurses who worked in wards with VRE cohort isolation rooms, and content analysis was conducted. Results All items had lower performance scores than their importance scores, with significant differences. In the qualitative/descriptive analysis, the barriers to implementing VRE infection control were a lack of awareness of infection control, increased work burden, and lack of resources. Conclusion The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop systematic education tailored to nurses in wards with cohort isolation rooms. Furthermore, adequate resource support, distinct from the general infection control practices in other wards, is necessary. This includes considering additional infection control tasks and procedures when staffing the ward, as well as supplying equipment in accordance with cohort isolation requirements.
Purpose The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with stress among Korean cancer survivors who are employed.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive methodology was applied, and secondary analysis was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2018. A total of 245 employed cancer survivors were included, and data were analyzed using either the χ2 test or the independent t-test, as well as multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: Four factors were found to be associated with stress among employed cancer survivors: age (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.96, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=0.94~0.98), gender (with men less likely to be stressed; OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.23~0.91), self-rated health status (OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.03~2.02), and having planned suicide in the previous year (OR=22.98, 95% CI=2.10~251.83).
Conclusion: To facilitate a successful return to work for cancer survivors, it is necessary to develop a stress intervention and/or rehabilitation program that comprehensively considers sociodemographic characteristics, current health status, health behaviors, and mental health.
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Purpose This study was conducted to provide fundamental data for improving the quality of care by investigating the relationships of critical reflection competency, nursing practice environment, job crafting, and person-centered care among tertiary hospital nurses. Additionally, the study sought to identify the factors influencing person-centered care.
Methods: Data were collected from 132 tertiary hospital nurses with at least 1 year of work experience via an online survey conducted in January 2023.
Results: Person-centered care varied significantly according to age, clinical experience, and department. Significant correlations of person-centered care with critical reflection competency (r=.77, p<.001), nursing practice environment (r=.46, p<.001), and job crafting (r=.71, p<.001) were observed. Factors contributing to person-centered care among tertiary hospital nurses included critical reflection competency (β=.46, p<.001) and job crafting (β=.40, p<.001), with an explanatory power of 70.2%.
Conclusion: To provide ethically enhanced person-centered care in tertiary hospitals, various training programs must be developed to strengthen nurses' critical reflection competency and job crafting skills.
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Purpose This study was conducted to identify factors affecting person-centered care among tertiary hospital nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Methods Study participants comprised 152 tertiary hospital nurses with experience caring for patients with COVID-19. Data were collected from September 1 to October 5, 2022 and analyzed using independent t-test, correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results Person-centered care showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the nursing work environment (r=.46, p<.001) and teamwork (r=.49, p<.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the variables of position (β=.20 p=.014) in model 1 (F=6.20, p=.014), teamwork (β=.47 p<.001) in model 2 (F=24.94, p<.001), and teamwork (β=.33 p=.002) in the final model influenced person-centered nursing (F=18.19, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 25.5%. Conclusion The significance of nurses' teamwork has been emphasized because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teamwork can be promoted by reviewing protocols for responding to severely ill patients with infectious diseases, which were revised during the COVID-19 period, and establishing appropriate systems to follow.
Purpose This study aimed to identify the relationship among post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience, and retention intention in nurses who had experienced a traumatic event during hospital work.
Methods A structured questionnaire, was administered online from September 10 to September 22, 2021 to 198 nurses who had experienced a traumatic event during work at a university hospital in G metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using three-step mediated regression analysis.
Results Of the total participants, 70.7% had a high risk of PTSD. PTSD (β=-.20, p=.002) and resilience (β=.47, p<.001) had a direct effect on retention intention, and the explanatory power was 27.0%. However, the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between PTSD and retention intention was not supported, which indicates that the relationship between post-traumatic stress and resilience was not significant (β=-.09, p=.232).
Conclusion Although there was no mediating effect of resilience, PTSD and resilience are considered to be important in order to improve nurses’ retention intention. It is needed to develop strategies to prevent the occurrence of traumatic events and to formulate policies and conduct programs for stress symptom management, aimed at increasing nurses’ resilience.
Purpose This study aims to explore the mediating effect of burnout and the moderating effect of nursing work environment in the relationship between nursing competence and patient-centered care among nurses caring for patients with chronic disease.
Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional descriptive research design. The participants were 150 nurses at a general hospital. The data were collected from February 10 to May 10, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of measuring tools for general characteristics, patient-centered care, nursing competency, nursing work environment, and burnout. The SPSS/25.0 program was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results: The average score of patient-centered care was found to be 3.75±0.44. Nursing competency had a mean score of 3.64±0.44, nursing work environment of 3.04±0.43, and burnout of 2.91±0.68. Patient-centered care was significantly associated with nursing competency, nursing work environment, and burnout. In the relationship between nursing competency and patient-centered care, burnout had a partial mediating effect. The relationship between nursing competency and patient-centered care showed that nursing work environment had no moderating effect.
Conclusion: The results revealed that patient-centered care was performed well if nursing competency was high. It is necessary to lower burnout and increase nursing competency such that patient-centered care can be performed better. In addition, since nursing work environment has a significant effect on nursing competency and patient-centered care, it is necessary to improve nursing work environment to improve nursing competency and patient-centered care performance.
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Purpose Workplace violence affects workplace performance. Bystanders’ role in social violence affects the consequences of violence. The purpose of current study was to explore the influences of workplace violence and bystander type on handover error of nurses caring for adult patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted using a structured questionnaire pertaining to teamwork, workplace violence, bystander type and handover error. This study involved adult patients nurses working in a tertiary university hospital having over 1,100 beds, located in a city. The questionnaire was administered to 193 bedside nurses at September 2019.
Results: Nurses’ handover error was significantly correlated with overall workplace violence (p<.001), teamwork (p<.001), and all three bystander types; facilitating (p<.001), abdicating (p<.001) and defending (p<.001). A hierarchical multiple regression model with career, teamwork, workplace violence and bystander type explained 27.0% of nurses’ handover error (F=13.55, p<.001). Among input variables, positive bystander type-defender (β=-.20, p=.005) was the most powerful influential factors on nurses’ handover error. Negative bystander types - facilitating, abdicating bystander (β=.18, p=.025) workplace violence (β=.18, p=.015), and teamwork (β=-.15, p=.026) influenced nurses’ handover error, also.
Conclusion: Bystanders is more than simple witnesses or observers. In this study, a positive bystander reduced the handover error in the clinical area, while a negative bystander exacerbated the handover error. Therefore, it is necessary to educate hospital nurses regarding positive bystanders and it’s importance for handover error and develop strategies to reduce nurse handover error.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to review and identify factors relevant to workplace bullying in nursing. METHODS Twenty-three studies that met the criteria were selected from a sample of twenty-six studies. These articles were retrieved from a central literature databases (N=13,241). The total correlational effect size (ESr) for each related factor was calculated from Fisher's Zr. A funnel plot inspection (similar to scatter plot) with a trim-and-fill method was used to assess the publication bias of the meta-analyzed studies. RESULTS From the systematic review, fifty-one factors were identified as having an influencing effect. Fourteen factors (five individual and nine organizational factors) were eligible for meta-analysis. The individual factors included, self-esteem (ESr=-.31), psychological capital (ESr=-.26), and marital status (ESr=-.06) which were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. Organizational factors included, organizational tolerance (ESr=.48), supervisor incivility (ESr=.47), job stress (ESr=.46), group morale (ESr=-.36), group support (ESr=-.35), supervisor leadership (ESr=-.35), group identity (ESr=-.33), and structural empowerment (ESr=-.27). These factors were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. There were no publication biases except for both individual and organizational factors. CONCLUSION Organizational factors have more of an greater impact than individual factors on workplace bullying. The results of this study support the need for intervention at the organizational level.
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PURPOSE This study examined differences in nursing care activity, work performance outcomes, and job satisfaction associated with upgrading nurse staffing of a nurse-to-patients ratio. METHODS Descriptive design was used in this study. In total, 148 medical and surgical nurses were recruited from one university hospital. Three instruments were used for data collection: Scale of Nursing Care Activity, Nurses' Work Performance Outcome Measurement Scale and Nurses' Job Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and paired t-test. RESULTS There were significant differences in nursing care activity (t=-5.06, p<.001), in work performance outcomes (t=-5.46, p<.001) and in job satisfaction (t=4.61, p<.001) when the grading for the nursing staff was changed from three to two indicating increasing number of nurses. CONCLUSION The findings from this study showed that there were more nursing care activities, better work performance outcomes, and higher job satisfaction when numbers of nurses were increased. The changes in the scale to evaluate nursing staff influence nursing activities, work performance and job satisfaction.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of workplace violence among intensive care unit nurses. METHODS The participants of this research were twelve registered nurses who work in the intensive care units (ICU) at the hospitals in Seoul and Gyunggido. Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews and analyzed using the phenomenological methodology by Colaizzi. RESULTS From significant statements, five theme clusters emerged as follow; 1) vulnerable young women to violence, 2) my own reflection was bruised and exhausted, 3) a hopeless everyday, 4) seeking a solution in relation, 5) establishing one's status as a professional nurse. CONCLUSION This study provides a profound understanding on the experiences of workplace violence among ICU nurses. The hospitals are suggested to provide a safe environment by developing programs and policies to prevent and cope with hospital workplace violence for ICU nurses.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotional labor, somatic symptoms, and emotional support on quality of life among middle-aged women workers. METHODS The study design was a descriptive survey research. Data were collected from October 2013 to January 2014 in Korea. A self-reported questionnaire was administerd in a convenience sample of 264 middle aged women in various working places. The survey included socio-demographic and job-related factors, and the questionnaires about emotional labor, somatic symptoms, emotional support, and quality of life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS Stepwise multiple regression showed that somatic symptoms had the greatest effect on quality of life (beta=-1.65, p<.001), followed by emotional support (beta=0.67, p<.001), and job satisfaction (beta=3.98, p<.001). And these variables accounted for 52% of quality of life among middle-aged women workers (F=97.14, p<.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest for clinical nurses to take somatic symptoms, emotional support, and job satisfaction into special account in order to improve the middle aged women worker's quality of life. Ultimately, a health promotion program focusing on these influential variables in workplace need to be developed for the given population.
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PURPOSE This study was aimed to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk factors among workers at small-sized companies having fewer than 50employees in Korea. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a secondary data analysis on workers' health examination data. Data from 21,784 employed workers were analyzed, including 16,488 males (mean age 38.7years)and 5,296 females (mean age 40.5 years). Participants were newly enrolled in annual health check-ups at a professional health clinic from 2009 to 2011. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify age-adjusted gender specific predicting factors of MetS incidence. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 13.4% in male and 7.7% in female workers. Logistic regression analysis showed that, when age was adjusted for, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was a predicting factor in both male and female workers. For male workers, heavy alcohol drinking and non-manual occupation (office workers/drivers) predicted MetS. CONCLUSION Health care providers should screen for MetS periodically in small work places especially for those with a family history of CVD. Educational counseling needs to be given to male workers with sedentary occupations with an aim to reduce heavy drinking and encourage lifestyle modification.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a walking program for office workers in terms of social cognitive theory, walking activities and physiological indexes. METHODS A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 50 office workers who were identified as having low levels of physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ Research Committee, 2005). The participants were recruited from two companies in Seoul. Of the 50 participants, 26 were assigned to the non-equivalent experimental group and 24 to the control group. The walking program consisted of six didactic sessions via e-mail, two individual telecoaching sessions and three support group meetings over ten weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 program. RESULTS The non-equivalent experimental group reported significantly higher posttest scores in walking activities and adhering to the walking protocol than the control group. There were no differences in reported self-efficacy, outcome expectations, body mass index and blood pressure between the two groups. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a walking program based on social cognitive theory is effective in increasing physical activities for office workers.
PURPOSE This study was to explore work experience among nurses with low back pain. Specific aims were to identify problems nurses face as workers at a hospital and how they interact with other workers. METHODS Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork with individual in-depth interviews from 9 nurses with low back pain as key informants, and a head nurse and a charge nurse who had experiences working with nurses with low back pain as general informants. RESULTS Through constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as "to make one's own ground". The process of "to make one's own ground" was identified as four categories: perception of limitations, intervening conditions, balancing limitations, and controlling limitations. Intervening conditions were identified as 'working conditions' and 'personal traits'. CONCLUSION Findings of the study indicate that there is a need for health professionals and administrators to understand limitations to working experience among nurses with low back pain. In addition, institutional and psychological support program is needed to improve an adaptation to working environment among nurses with low back pain.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence HRQOL for married working women. METHODS The subjects of the study were 577 full-time working married women living in five province. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, from April to September 2006. RESULTS As for the general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference in the level of HRQOL(total) according to age, education, menopause, family income, leisure activities, residence, duration of marriage, number of children, firstborn age, household duties of husband, job, career, type of work, women's income, and purpose of working. The level of HRQOL showed a statistically significant difference according to BMI and behavioral factors except for caffeine intake and follow up health screening. The HRQOL were significantly correlated with depression, marital satisfaction and job satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis showed that the HRQOL were significantly predicted by depression, marital satisfaction, education, regular exercise, daily working hours and job satisfaction. These variables explained 48.5% of the variance of HRQOL. Depression was the main predictor of HRQOL. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that nursing intervention to reduce depression should be developed to promote the HRQOL for married working women.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develope and evaluate the effects of an AIDS education program among health care workers on knowledge, attitudes and care intention about AIDS. METHODS This study was conducted by self reporting with a 44 items of structured questionnaire by 291 health care workers. The research was a quasi-experimental study using one group pre-post design. AIDS education program was consisted of phases for 50 minutes, using power point by a researcher and research assistants. Data were collected before and after education and was analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test. RESULTS The level of general cognition about AIDS was low. There were a statistically significant increases in the mean of knowledge(t=-22.17, p=.000) and care intention(t=-2.74, p=.006). However, there was no significant difference in the mean of attitudes(t=-.57, p=.569) between the pre-post test. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed the benefits of providing educational interventions for improving knowledge and care about AIDS, while there not any significant changes in attitudes, especially in items based on Korean socio-cultural values. Therefore, to increase attitude about AIDS, various teaching strategies need to be further studied and evaluated.
PURPOSE To understand the meaning of death seen by nursing students through art works. METHOD: The qualitative research method and the content analysis were used. The text were essays written by 42 senior nursing students about their impressions on death through art works. RESULT: Statements were classified into six categories and twenty six themes. The six categories include definitions of death, feelings about the death of a main character, responses to the death of the main character, feelings of significant others about the death of the main character, feelings of participants in this study, and oaths of the participants in this study. CONCLUSION: It is shown that participants recognize their position as nursing students, although they may not escape the fear of death, will learn to cope with death, and the dying in a suitably professional manner. In this respect, the study is considered to be helpful for the students in learning the knowledge and information which are needed for hospice nursing care more effectively.
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among social support (network, composition, and satisfaction), stress, and loneliness in migrant Yanbian Korean workers. METHOD: Data were collected by using Social Support Questionnaire 6, Visual Analogue Scale, and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. RESULT: Results indicate that means for social support were 1.52 for network size and 4.83 for satisfaction. The proportion percentage of network for kin members was 67.37. Subjects felt the moderate level of stress and loneliness. The level of loneliness was negatively related to the level of social support. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is necessity to reduce stress and loneliness among migrant Yanbian Korean workers. Adequate social support satisfaction is crucial to reduce the level of loneliness in migrant Yanbian Korean workers.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to suggest the projected workforce of certified emergency nurses in Korea. METHOD: The methods used in this study are 1) demand & ratio model was used for the projected workforce of CEN, 2) Index functional formula was used for the suggestion of the number of general hospitals and hospitals, 3) Experts in Emergency care were contacted to get an opinion and information about the criteria of distribution and scope of CEN, 4) National and international internet data were collected. RESULT: The demand of CEN were analyzed by two ways; demand of Emergency centers only and demand of emergency centers including community centers. The number of CENs needed to meet the demands in 2002, 2005 and 2010 was estimated at minimum of 1,512 to maximum1,576, 1,640 to 1,704 and 1,892 to 1,956 respectively. The projected number of CENs for the 2002 was 1% total available nurses in Korea, and 3.2 CENs per 100,000 population. CONCLUSION: It is really desirable that CENs not only work for hospital emergency centers but also for emergency related centers in community.
PURPOSE The study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of smoking cessation behavior based on Transtheoretical Model in industrial workers. METHOD A convenience sample of 146 industrial workers except for the never smokers, were recruited at a H industry in Ulsan. Data were collected from February 1 to 28, 2002. The research instruments were Stages of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure(DiClemente et al, 1991), Process of change(Prochaska, 1988), Smoking Abstinence Self Efficacy (SASE: DiClemente et al, 1985) and Decisional balance(SDB; Kim, 1999). RESULT The results of this study were as follows; 1. The subjects were distributed in each stage of smoking cessation change: There were 64 subjects (43.0%) in the precontemplation stage, 35 subjects(23.5%) in the contemplation stage, 28 subjects(18.8%) in the preparation stage, 14 subjects(10.1%) in the action stage and 7 subjects(4.7%) in the maintenance stage. 2. Analysis of variance showed that experiental process(F=2.808, p=.042), behavioral process (F=4.567, p=.004) self-efficacy(F=9.809, p=.000), pros(F=11.107, p=.000), cons(F=6.686, p=.000), pros- cons(F=3.446, p=.018) were significantly associated with the stages of smoking cessation change. 3. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'PROS' was the most influential variable in discriminating the four stages of change. CONCLUSION This study can provide the basis of staged matching smoking cessation program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.
PURPOSE This study is aimed at showing the effect of work-site health promotion programs for health promoting behavior, cholesterol, and quality of life of middle-aged workers. METHOD Thirty-one middle-aged workers were the experimental group and thirty-one were the control group. The 8-week work-site health promotion program was given to the experimental group. After this, health promoting behavior, cholesterol and quality of life were measured by questionnaires for the experimental and control groups. Health promotion theory, flexibility and muscle strength, aerobic exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, smoking and alcohol problems, and summary lecture were all included in the 8-week work-site health promotion program. Health promoting behavior was measured by Park's HPBS, cholesterol was measured by enzyme method, and quality of life was measured by Ro's QOL. RESULT The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cholesterol and quality of life between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION It is necessary that nurses provide middle-aged workers with work-site health promotion programs to improve health promoting behavior. It's necessary also to re-study this with the pre-post research design.
The purpose of the study was to investigate social support, depression, drinking and smoking in college and working females. The convenience sample consisted of 169 college females and 133 working females. Data were collected from March to May, 2000. Social support was measured by the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire which assesses the size of the emotional social support network and satisfaction with social support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was utilized to measure the level of depression symptoms. The average number of drinks and cigarettes smoked per week during the previous month was assessed. Results indicated that college students had more social support than working females. However, there were no significant differences in satisfaction with their support, depression, drinking and smoking between two groups. College females who smoked cigarettes were more depressed and had less social support than those who did not smoke. Also college females who drank alcohol were more depressed than those who did not drink during the previous month. However, the level of social support and depression were not associated with drinking and smoking among working females. Based on the results, it is suggested the application of various interventions to deal with drinking and smoking behavior among college and working females.
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