Purpose
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally, and understanding symptom clusters (SCs) among LC patients could improve symptom management. This scoping review provides a comprehensive summary of the most common SCs and their compositions identified in studies specifically investigating SCs of LC patients.
Methods
A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The study included LC patients as participants, SCs as the concept, and studies with distinct aim to investigate LC SCs as the context. We searched studies from inception to September 2022 in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases using the terms: "lung cancer," "cancer survivors, " and "symptom cluster." Results: Of 41 reviewed reports, 188 SCs were identified. Both a priori and de novo method were used to identify LC SCs, with exploratory factor analysis being the most commonly used statistical method in the de novo approach. The three most frequent SCs were respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and psychological SCs. The most common respiratory SC included cough + dyspnea. Nausea + vomiting was the most prevalent cluster membership among GI SCs. Sad + feeling irritable + feeling nervous + worrying was the most common cluster membership among psychological SCs.
Conclusion
Respiratory, GI, and psychological SCs were common among LC patients, and addressing these clusters could improve symptom management strategies. Further research on SCs across the lung cancer trajectory is essential to enhance our understanding about SCs and facilitate effective symptom management throughout the disease course.

Purpose
After Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), patients may experience Post-Embolization Syndrome (PES), which is characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and nausea/vomiting. Various risk factors, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data, have been reported. This study aimed to identify sex-specific risk predictors of PES following TACE.
Methods
This retrospective study included 1,495 patients who underwent TACE and were discharged from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the patients undergoing TACE were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, the χ² test, the independent t-test (or Mann-Whitney U test), Spearman correlation analysis, and logistic regression were used.
Results
The incidence of PES was higher in female (43.9%) than in male (37.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels as the only independent predictor of PES in female patients (Exp [B]=1.01, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.00~1.01). The risk factors of PES in male patients were a tumor >5 cm in diameter (Exp [B]=2.51, 95% CI=1.46~4.32), the amount of lipiodol (Exp [B]=1.27, 95% CI=1.01~1.60), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (Exp [B]=1.11, 95% CI=1.02~1.21), ALT level (Exp [B]=1.00, 95% CI=1.00-1.01), lymphocyte levels (Exp [B]=0.98, 95% CI=0.96~0.99), and right posterior section (S6-S7) (Exp [B]=0.71, 95% CI=0.55-0.92).
Conclusion
Oncology nurses should be aware of sex-specific differences in PES risk and monitor clinical, laboratory, and radiological data to evaluate PES in female and male after TACE. The results of this study will serve as basic data for establishing a clinical decision-supporting system.

Purpose
This study identified and compared the pain and associated symptoms of stable coronary artery diseases and acute coronary syndrome.
Methods
The study participants comprised 180 patients with stable coronary artery diseases and acute coronary syndrome. The data were collected from August 25, 2020, to October 30, 2020.
Results
We found that 77.2% of participants had pain and associated symptoms, and 85.6% had one or more associated symptoms. In the associated symptoms, patients with acute coronary syndrome expressed squeezing, and patients with stable coronary artery diseases expressed expanding. Patients with stable coronary artery diseases reported increased pain during exercise. Moreover, although there was no statistically significant difference, drinking, eating, and cold weather often exacerbated pain in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The average pain intensity of patients with stable coronary artery diseases was moderate (4.09±2.79). The average pain intensity of acute coronary syndrome patients was severe (5.68±3.34). Patients with acute coronary syndrome mainly reported cold sweat and loss of consciousness. Palpitations and dizziness were prevalent complaints in patients with stable coronary artery diseases.
Conclusion
Based on this study's results, a nursing assessment can be performed when managing patients with coronary artery disease. In addition, a nursing assessment protocol could be developed based on the analysis results regarding pain and associated symptoms in patients with stable coronary artery diseases and acute coronary syndrome.

Citations

• BATF alleviates ox-LDL-induced HCAEC injury by regulating SIRT1 expression in coronary heart disease
  Bei Tian, Jingyu Ji, Can Jin, Antoine Fakhry AbdelMassih
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0306514.     CrossRef
• Development of an Initial Screening Scale to Detect Patients With Chest Pain From Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department
  Kyeongmin Jang, Kwisoon Choe
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effects of health-related behaviors on metabolically healthy non-obese or obese groups and to analyze gender differences.
Methods
This study was a secondary descriptive study. A total of 14,277 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015 were classified as: metabolically healthy non-obese; metabolically unhealthy non-obese; metabolically healthy obese; or metabolically unhealthy obese. Five health-related behaviors (amount of alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, daily energy intake, and sleep duration) were included as independent variables.
Results
The health-related behaviors associated with metabolic status in non-obese participants were drinking and smoking, whereas those of obese individuals were associated with physical activity. Subgroup analysis showed that more metabolically healthy non-obese men were light drinkers and former smokers than metabolically unhealthy non-obese men. Metabolically healthy non-obese women were more likely to engage in physical activity than metabolically unhealthy non-obese women. Among the obese men, light drinking and physical activity were associated with metabolic status.
Conclusion
Evidence-based interventions promoting health-related behaviors are needed to support metabolic health, considering the metabolic status and obesity phenotypes of the participants and their gender.

Citations

• Health Characteristics, Nutrient Intake, and Associated Risk Factors According to the Metabolic Health and Obesity Status in Korean Adults : Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015
  Jounghee Lee, Seonghyun Lim, Young-Min Lee
  Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2023; 32(6): 845.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the symptom clusters and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the relationship between quality of life and symptoms by cluster.
Methods
Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records of 123 patients with type 2 diabetes between December 27, 2018 and May 8, 2019. Type 2 diabetes-related symptoms were investigated using the Diabetes Symptom Self-Care Inventory, and quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L). The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.
Results
Tiredness was a most frequently reported symptom; however, symptom with weight loss was the most critical symptom reported. Five symptom clusters were identified, four of which correlated with quality of life. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that thirst-fatigue clusters affected quality of life (β=-.26, p=.019).
Conclusion
Active treatment and continuous lifestyle management are needed to maintain proper blood sugar levels to address type 2 diabetes mellitus-related symptoms within a thirst-fatigue cluster. Identifying the cause of fatigue and applying physical and psychosocial interventions is also required. Symptoms experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes are connected to clusters. Effective disease management and improvement in the quality of life can be achieved by identifying these symptoms through merging and managing the relevant symptoms simultaneously.

Citations

• Development and Effectiveness of a Pattern Management Educational Program Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Korea: A Quasi-Experimental Study
  Seung-Yeon Kong, Mi-Kyoung Cho
  Healthcare.2024; 12(14): 1381.     CrossRef
• Associated Factors with Health-related Quality of Life among Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea
  Eun-Kyung Lee, Sun-Young Jung
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2022; 25(2): 61.     CrossRef

Purpose
Intradialytic exercise could be a cornerstone of management in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intradialytic stretching training on Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and sleep quality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This 8-week quasi-experimental design study involved adult patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment for at least 3 months at the Drug Dependency Hospital Nephrology Unit in Jakarta. Nineteen participants were listed in each group, so a total of 38 participants were registered. Convenience sampling was used to select respondents. In addition, each respondent was asked to complete the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRSSG) rating scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The majority of respondents were women (55.3%), unemployed (71.1%), with duration of hemodialysis>12 months (55.3%), and having hemoglobin levels less than 10 mg/dl (68.4%). The mean RLS before intervention was 1.74 (Standard Deviation [SD]=0.23) and after intervention, there was significant reduction in RLS score to a mean of 0.42 (SD=0.17) (p<.001). Similarly, mean sleep quality before intervention was 4.02 (SD=2.56) and after intervention, it reduced significantly to a mean of 6.16 (SD=3.18) (p<.001). Conclusion: Intradialytic stretching training could play a significant role in decreasing RLS and improving quality of sleep. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer periods of intervention are required to validate our results and contribute to better patient outcomes.

Citations

• Comparisons of Intradialytic Exercise Versus Home-Based Exercise in Hemodialysis Patients: A Narrative Review
  Chao-Lin Lee, Ping-Chen Wang, Yi-Ling Chen, Zen-Yong Chen, Ching-Cherng Uen, Hsien-Yung Lai, Chih-Chung Shiao
  Biomedicines.2024; 12(10): 2364.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of Aerobic and Stretching Exercises in Managing Willis-Ekbom Disease (Restless Leg Syndrome) Among Hemodialysis Patients
  Mohamedalamin Alnoor Altayb Ismail , Islam Daffalla, Taranpreet Singh, Qandeel Rida Siddique, Mohammed Khaleel I. KH. Almadhoun , Rabail Irfan, Moeez Saqib, Muhammad Haris, Zaid Khan, Jaqueline Giselle Farias Fernandes, Asma Iqbal, Syed Faqeer Hussain Bok
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for restless legs syndrome in end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis
  Jia-Jin Chen, Tao Han Lee, Yu-Kang Tu, George Kuo, Huang-Yu Yang, Chieh-Li Yen, Pei-Chun Fan, Chih-Hsiang Chang
  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.2022; 37(10): 1982.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the Influence of Nursing Safety Management on Nursing Quality in Hemodialysis Room
  Ying Huang, Hong Chen, Zhao kaifa
  Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify the factors explaining the performance of health behaviors among adults with metabolic syndrome based on the theory of planned behavior.
METHODS
A total of 218 adults with metabolic syndrome were recruited for the study from September to December, 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 24.0.
RESULTS
The hypothetical model appeared to fit the data with χ²/df=2.65, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Residual)=.07, PNFI (Parsimonious Normed Fit Index)=.67. Attitude toward health behavior, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control explained 32.3% of variance in intention toward health behavior. Perceived behavioral control showed significant direct effects and mediating effect through intention on health behavior (γ=.57, t=5.85). Family support also had significant direct effects on health behavior (γ=.38, t=4.75). Attitude toward health behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and family support were the significant factors explaining 56.3% of variance in the performance of health behaviors among patients with metabolic syndrome.
CONCLUSION
Health promotion programs for behavioral modification in this population should focus on these factors to lead to better health outcomes. Further studies are warranted to test the health promotion strategies based on theory of planned behavior for long-term change toward a healthy lifestyle among individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Citations

• Factors Affecting Radiation Protective Behaviors in Perioperative Nurses Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior: Path Analysis
  Se Young Jang, Hee Sun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Young Man Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(2): 222.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Study Based on the Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model
  Yoonjung Kim, Sooyeon Park
  Patient Preference and Adherence.2023; Volume 17: 2279.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Health Promotion Behaviors Among Working Adults at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome
  Sungwon Park, Min Kyeong Jang, Chang Gi Park, Oi Saeng Hong
  Nursing Research.2022; 71(4): 275.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Health Management Program for Psychiatric Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
  Yun Bock Kwak, Ji Young Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 261.     CrossRef
• An Analysis and Evaluation of the Theory of Planned Behavior Using Fawcett and DeSanto-Madeya's Framework
  Sungwon Park, Hyewon Shin
  Advances in Nursing Science.2021; 44(4): E141.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the relationship between illness perception, stress, and sleep, focusing on the influence of illness perception on the quality of sleep through the mediating effect of stress in patients with metabolic syndrome risk factors.
METHODS
A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 219 patients with two metabolic syndrome risk factors. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics in Daegu and Gyeongbuk between June and July 2016. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire that included items from the Brief Illness Perception Scale, the Perceived Stress Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis, and a SPSS macro bootstrap approach were performed.
RESULTS
There were significant correlations between illness perception and sleep (r=.42, p<.001) and between stress and sleep (r=.49, p<.001). Illness perception was a significant predictor of stress (t=7.99, p<.001) and sleep (t=5.83, p<.001) after adjusting for the influence of age, gender, job status, and body mass index. A mediating effect of stress on the relationship between illness perception and sleep was demonstrated by Baron and Kenny's approach (Z=4.57, p<.001) and the PROCESS macro for SPSS (95% confidence interval=0.04~0.13).
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that the negative impact of illness perception on sleep can be reduced by regulating stress. Further, it is necessary to develop intervention programs that can reduce stress linked to the illness perception among patients with metabolic syndrome risk factors.

Citations

• Disease Perception, Stigma, Distress, Physical Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Eun-Hee Lee, Dongwon Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 494.     CrossRef
• Illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Iran
  Aysan Thagizadeh, Akram Ghahramanian, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Naser Aslanabadi, Tonia C. Onyeka, Nargess Ramazanzadeh
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
To provide basic data for the health management of adults with prolonged fatigue, demographic characteristics, stress, sleep quality, and metabolic syndrome were compared between groups with and without prolonged fatigue.
METHODS
Data of 370 adults (197 with Prolonged Fatigue [PF] and 173 without PF) from the 2014~2016 database of Korea Medicine Data Center were used. Fatigue, stress and sleep quality were measured with the revised Chalder Fatigue Scale, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
RESULTS
First, regarding demographic characteristics, there were significant differences in occupation, smoking, and Body Mass Index (BMI) between groups with and without PF. More of the participants with PF than those without PF were employed, and smokers. They were also more likely to be obese than the participants in the group without PF. Second, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of stress and sleep quality; the participants with PF showed higher stress and lower sleep quality than those without PF. Finally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be higher in the participants with PF than those without PF.
CONCLUSION
Considering the characteristics of the participants with PF, it is necessary to develop nursing programs to improve stress, sleep quality, and metabolic syndrome to reduce fatigue. These kinds of nursing programs are particularly necessary for people who are smokers, obese and employed.

Citations

• Effects of Varying Caffeine Dosages and Consumption Timings on Cerebral Vascular and Cognitive Functions: A Diagnostic Ultrasound Study
  Min-Ki Choi, Hee-Seul Ahn, Da-Eun Kim, Da-Seul Lee, Chan-Sol Park, Chang-Ki Kang
  Applied Sciences.2025; 15(4): 1703.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting physical and mental fatigue in adults from South Korea: A cross-sectional study
  Kyeha Kim, Jihyun Oh
  Medicine.2023; 102(50): e36549.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Relationship between Fatigue, Psychosocial Stress, and Behavior that Reduces Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Exposure in Infertile Males
  Sung Ju Kim, So Young Choi
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2021; 25(3): 211.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to investigate the moderating effect of lifestyle and Type-D personality on the relation between metabolic syndrome and severity of coronary artery disease and to provide practical knowledge and directions for nursing intervention.
METHODS
The participants were 111 adult outpatients with coronary artery disease in the cardiology department of a medical center in Korea. The study tools included diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, lifestyle evaluation tool for patients with metabolic syndrome, the Korean Type-D scale-14, and measures of severity of coronary artery disease. The data were obtained by electronic medical record reviews and surveys using structured questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression analysis and two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The severity of coronary artery disease was positively correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (r=.26, p=.006) and type-D personality (r=.49, p < .001). There was a significant negative correlation (r=−.54, p < .001) between the severity of coronary artery disease and lifestyle. Lifestyle had the moderating effect on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and severity of coronary artery disease (β=−.22, p < .001), but type-D personality had no moderating effect (F=0.13, p=.719) on it.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to establish individualized intervention considering the condition of the patients according to the criteria of the metabolic syndrome diagnosis when establishing the lifestyle intervention plan. And also it is necessary to define influencing factors including the personality on lifestyle change.

Citations

• Relationship between type D personality, symptoms, cancer stigma, and quality of life among patients with lung cancer
  Yu Mi Park, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Yeong Hun Choe
  European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 57: 102098.     CrossRef
• Impact of Type D Personality on Depression, Anxiety, and Health-related Quality of Life among Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  Sun Hyoung Bae, Jin-Hee Park
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(3): 219.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with insomnia in college students with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
METHODS
College students with IBS (n=259) were recruited in 4 universities in Daegu city and Ulsan city, South Korea. Participants completed questionnaires measuring the following variables: insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]), dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-16 [DBAS-16]), pre-sleep arousal (Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale [PSAS]), gastrointestinal symptoms during sleep (Gastrointestinal Symptoms during Sleep), sleep hygiene (Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale [SHPS]), psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18 [BSI-18]), and IBS symptom severity(IBS Severity Scoring System [IBS-SSS]).
RESULTS
In our participants, 53.3%(n=138) reported having insomnia (ISI score ≥10). Compared to the non-insomnia group (n=121), the insomnia group reported significantly higher scores in DBAS-16, PSAS, gastrointestinal symptoms during sleep, IBS-SSS, SHPS, and BSI-18 (p < .001 for all). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms during sleep (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.77, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.29~5.96), dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.03~1.06), cognitive arousal before sleep (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.05~1.17), and somatization (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.02~1.23) were associated with insomnia in this sample.
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that insomnia is a serious problem for college students with IBS and that gastrointestinal symptoms during sleep and sleep related dysfunctional cognitions should be managed to improve insomnia of them.

Citations

• A reliability generalization meta-analysis of the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the pre-sleep arousal scale (PSAS)
  Inês Luana Correia, Waqar Husain, Maria Teresa Gonçalves, Luís Pires, Khaled Trabelsi, Ammar Achraf, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Perry M. Nicassio, Markus Jansson-Fröjmark, Michael V. Vitiello, Daniel Ruivo Marques, Haitham Jahrami
  Sleep Medicine.2025; 126: 290.     CrossRef
• Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is Associated with the Severity of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  Soo-Jung Jung, Jae-Ho Lee, Ji-Yeon Lim, Yun-Yi Yang
  Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1605.     CrossRef
• An Association between Telomere Length and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Korean Populations
  Yun-Yi Yang, Jae-Ho Lee, Jae-Hee Park
  Keimyung Medical Journal.2024; 43(2): 122.     CrossRef
• Painful GI Conditions and Their Bidirectional Relationships with Sleep Disturbances
  Jessica K. Salwen-Deremer, Sarah Ballou
  Current Sleep Medicine Reports.2022; 8(4): 105.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia among College Students with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Yun-Yi Yang, Sangeun Jun
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14174.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The study aims were to examine motivation factors for behavioral modification among individuals with metabolic syndrome at each stage of behavioral change.
METHODS
The correlational research design was used to explore motivation factors of self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience to explain health behaviors. Total of 239 patients with metabolic syndrome completed the structured questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 22.0 for ANOVA and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
The average age of participants were 59 years old, and 52.3% perceived their health relatively worse than others. The motivation and health behaviors except for smoking cessation were significantly different at each stage of planning, preparation, and action-maintenance. The motivation factors explained 25% of variance in health behavior at planning stage, 38% at preparation stage, and 31% at action-maintenance stage. Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were significant predictors at the planning and action-maintenance stages, while self-efficacy was a significant predictor at preparation stage.
CONCLUSION
The performance of health behaviors was significantly different at the stages of change along with a different set of motivation factors. Nursing strategies should focus on cognitive and emotional motivation factors to lead initiation and maintenance of behavioral modification in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Citations

• Factors Related to the Dementia Prevention Behavior among Community-dwelling Older Adults based on the Health Belief Model: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study
  Jin Young Lee, Eun Ko
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(3): 263.     CrossRef
• Cognitive and Emotional Motivation to Explain Infection-Prevention Behaviors with Social Support as a Mediator During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
  Myonghwa Park, Keunyeob Oh, Hyungjun Kim, Xing Fan, Thi-Thanh-Thnh Giap, Rhayun Song
  Patient Preference and Adherence.2023; Volume 17: 1063.     CrossRef
• Motivational Factors for Smoking Behaviors in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
  Moonkyoung Park, Baram Kang, Ahyun Ryu, YueLin Li, Rhayun Song
  Patient Preference and Adherence.2021; Volume 15: 2847.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Meal Regularity and Oral Health and Metabolic Syndrome of Adults in Single Korean Households
  Jin-Ah Jung, Hye-Won Cheon, On-Ju Ju
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(3): 185.     CrossRef
• Effects of BeHaS Program on Health Behavior, Physiologic Index and Self-Esteem of the Elderly Living Alone with Metabolic Syndrome Based on Community Based Participatory Research
  Jong Im Kim, Sun Ae Kim, Keumok Park, Jiyoung Kim, Lina Lee, Si Wan Choi, Bon Jeong Ku
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(4): 571.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the adaptation process of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
METHODS
Using a grounded theory methodology, 15 interviews were performed with nine men and six women, 43-83 years of age, suffering from MDS. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method.
RESULTS
The core category emerged as “To do my best in uncertainty”. MDS patients engaged in three stages: Panic, Active fighting against illness, and Putting down/Adaptation phase. Causal conditions were unexpected cancer diagnosis, endless painful treatment, and uncertainty. Contextual conditions were physical deterioration and differences in recovery. The central phenomenon of the illness adaptation process among the patients with MDS was powerlessness at the dead end. Action/Interaction strategies included dependence on the constant medical care, physical energy conservation, mind control and environmental control. Intervening conditions were social support and desire to live. Consequences were hope for recovery and tug-of-war from repetition of exacerbation and recuperation.
CONCLUSION
When caring for these patients, it is important to identify needs, allow patients to express what they want at that moment and support them in maintaining a daily life.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of geriatric syndrome on mortality among community-dwelling older adults in Korea.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the Actual Living Condition of the Elderly and Welfare Need Survey, with a baseline study in 2008 and a 3-year follow-up of mortality data. The mortality risk was measured using the hierarchical Cox proportional hazard model.
RESULTS
In Cox regression analysis, male (Hazard Ratio [HR], 2.53; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 2.12~3.01), old age (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.82~2.53), low education level (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04~1.65), limitation in instrumental activities of daily living (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.60~2.28), depressive symptoms (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01~1.43), and frailty (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.78~3.03) significantly affected mortality risk.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, nursing intervention programs should be provided to decrease preventable death in older adults.

Citations

• Factors Associated with Frailty According to Gender of Older Adults Living Alone
  Hye-Young Jang, Ji-Hye Kim
  Healthcare.2021; 9(4): 475.     CrossRef
• Factors contributing to the use of complementary and alternative medicine in rural older women with chronic pain in South Korea
  Saunjoo L. Yoon, Jeong-Hee Kim
  Applied Nursing Research.2013; 26(4): 186.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an Advanced Practice Nurse (APN)-led self-management program on cardiovascular health status among Korean women at risk of developing or progressing cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
This pilot study used one-group pre- and post- test experimental design. At health fairs in a community, 30 women who had one or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome were recruited and agreed to participate in the study. A total of 25 women completed the study. The intervention consisted of weekly follow-up calls and self-monitoring diary after an hour of individual counseling regarding risk factors, fast walking, and healthy diet tailored to the participants' needs. Physical activity was assessed with the World Health Organization International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a pedometer.
RESULTS
Participants showed statistically significant improvements in blood pressure, body mass index, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, numbers of metabolic syndrome factors, and the 10-year CV risk estimate after one month of concentrated intervention. In addition, their physical activity behavior significantly improved after the intervention.
CONCLUSION
This APN-led self-management program targeting modifiable risk factors by offering tailored counseling and concentrated support during the transition might be effective in preventing progression to the cardiovascular disease.

Citations

• Cardiometabolic Risk of Visceral Fat Obesity and Factors Influencing Visceral Fat in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Sujin Kim, Nah-Mee Shin, Jiwon Choi
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(4): 320.     CrossRef
• Self-Management Program for Heart Healthy Behavior Among Middle- and Old-Aged Korean Women at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome
  Nah-Mee Shin, JiWon Choi, InHae Cho, Byung-Jun Park
  Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2017; 32(6): E8.     CrossRef
• Development and Effectiveness of Tailored Education and Counseling Program for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  So-Yeon Kim, Min Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(5): 547.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study examined the influence of occupational type and lifestyle habits on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Korean male workers.
METHODS
Through secondary analysis of their four-year health examination data, 3,892 subjects were divided into four subgroups according to the presence of MetS now and four years ago.
RESULTS
Nineteen percent (n=739) suffered from MetS and these 739 subjects were classified into following occupations: 7.1% were office workers, 17.6% were non-office workers, and 42.2% were drivers. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that when the data adjusted for age, the predicting factors on the prevalence of MetS were heavy drinking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09~1.64) and the occupation of non-office workers (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.13~4.18) and drivers (OR 7.97, 95% CI 4.89~10.83) among workers without MetS four years ago. Among workers already with a history of MetS, the predicting factors were less exercise (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02~2.35) and drivers (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.03~2.94).
CONCLUSION
Heavy drinking and less exercise and drivers were reported as influencing factors on the prevalence of MetS by this sample. The findings suggest that employers need to provide their employees with screening and management program for those at risk of MetS.

Citations

• Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Improvement Program on Male Office Workers with Metabolic Syndrome in Their 30s and 40s with Sedentary Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang
  Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 81.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Health Partnership Program Using Mobile Health Application for Male Workers with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Eun Jin Kim, Seon Young Hwang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(1): 44.     CrossRef
• Occupational Assessments of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Labors: An Application of Metabolic Syndrome Scoring Index
  Ching-Yuan Lin, Chih-Ming Lin
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7539.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Cluster-Type Risk Factors on Adverse Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Data Analysis
  In Ae Uhm, Seon Young Hwang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 156.     CrossRef
• Metabolic Syndrome Status of Chinese Workers and Their Physical Profiles, Lifestyle Scores, and Nutrient Intakes
  Chao Wang, Hokyung Ryu
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(1): 63.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to understand the risk of falling associated with postmenopausal women and to identify the relationships between this risk and factors such as lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and bone mineral density.
METHODS
The sample was 128 postmenopausal women between 50 and 65 from one menopausal clinic in an urban city. The Risk Assessment for Falls Scale II, developed by Glydenvand and Reinboth (1982) and adapted by Park Young-Hye (2003), was modified and used for this study.
RESULTS
The average fall-risk score in postmenopausal women was 7.2 out of 33, the fall-risk score associated with lifestyle was higher in women exposed to stress frequently or who favored spicy or salty foods. The fall-risk score associated with metabolic syndrome was higher in groups with HBP or with a waist circumference of 80cm or greater. The fall-risk score in groups with three or more factors of metabolic syndrome was the highest.
CONCLUSION
The risk of fall in postmenopausal women was higher in groups with only elementary education, unemployed, reported two or more chronic diseases or reported frequent exposure to stress and for women who preferred spicy or salty foods or exhibited three or more factors of metabolic syndrome.

Citations

• Association between Falls and Nutritional Status of Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Korea
  Ah-Ra Jo, Mi-Jeong Park, Byung-Gue Lee, Young-Gyun Seo, Hong-Ji Song, Yu-Jin Paek, Kyung-Hee Park, Hye-Mi Noh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(2): 111.     CrossRef
• Comparison of falls-related physical fitness and fall experience characteristics of the elderly between Ulsan, Korea and Gifu, Japan
  Sohee Shin
  Korean Journal of Sport Science.2017; : 566.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was aimed to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk factors among workers at small-sized companies having fewer than 50employees in Korea.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a secondary data analysis on workers' health examination data. Data from 21,784 employed workers were analyzed, including 16,488 males (mean age 38.7years)and 5,296 females (mean age 40.5 years). Participants were newly enrolled in annual health check-ups at a professional health clinic from 2009 to 2011. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify age-adjusted gender specific predicting factors of MetS incidence.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MetS was 13.4% in male and 7.7% in female workers. Logistic regression analysis showed that, when age was adjusted for, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was a predicting factor in both male and female workers. For male workers, heavy alcohol drinking and non-manual occupation (office workers/drivers) predicted MetS.
CONCLUSION
Health care providers should screen for MetS periodically in small work places especially for those with a family history of CVD. Educational counseling needs to be given to male workers with sedentary occupations with an aim to reduce heavy drinking and encourage lifestyle modification.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components and to examine the related factors in urban and rural community, South Korea.
METHODS
The data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) conducted in 2010 were utilized in this study. The subjects were 5,760 adults 20 years or over. The data were consisted with health survey questionnaire and health examination. chi2-test and logistic regression was used for the analysis SAS 9.3 applying sampling weights.
RESULTS
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on the latest definition proposed the joint scientific meeting was 23.4% and 29.0% respectively in urban and rural community. Rural community showed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (29.9% vs 38.5%), elevated blood pressure (31.3% vs 38.5%), elevated blood glucose (24.3% vs 28.4%) than urban community. The related factors were age, marital status, high risk drinking, obesity in urban community and age, marital status high risk drinking, severe physical activity, obesity in rural community.
CONCLUSION
This study showed there was difference in prevalence and the related factors of metabolic syndrome and these findings have important implications to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome in public health field.

Citations

• Analysis of health behavior changes among residents in depopulation areas in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on Community Health Survey data from 2010 to 2019
  Miyong Yon
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(4): 348.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Behaviors among Rural Residents Based on a Socio-Ecological Model in South Korea: A Mixed Method Research
  Bohyun Park, Juhyeon Yang, Youngsoo Kim, Gianpiero Greco
  Health & Social Care in the Community.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
• Frequency of steamed food consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean females: data from Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
  Young-Ran Heo, Jeong-Hwa Choi
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(2): 309.     CrossRef
• Visual Analysis of Regional Variations in Antidepressant Use and Suicide Rate
  Ho-Jung Kim, Iyn-Hyang Lee
  Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2018; 28(4): 308.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Community-based Health Intervention Program to Improve Metabolic Disease in Jeju Island
  Woo Jin Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, Shin Young Park
  The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2018; 50(3): 297.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Menopause on the Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women
  SoYoun Bang, IlGu Cho
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(4): 2704.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Quality of Life
  So Youn Bang
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 7034.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was to identify the mental health and self-care activities according to perceived stress level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
METHODS
The descriptive survey design was conducted using a convenient sample. One hundred and fifty-two diabetic participants with metabolic syndrome were recruited in a university hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Students' t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 12.0.
RESULTS
The high, moderate, and low stress groups according to perceived stress score consisted of 30.9%, 38.2%, and 30.9%, respectively. Differences of mental health and total self-care activities among the three groups were statistically significant. Depression (F=46.73, p<.001), trait anger (F=5.75, p<.01), and anger expression-in (F=4.60, p<.01) of participants in the high stress group were higher than other groups, whereas the total of self-care activities (F=2.85, p<.05) and exercise (F=3.49, p<.05) were lower than other groups.
CONCLUSION
This study concluded that type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome with a high stress level were low in self-care activities along with elevated depression and anger.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the differences of health locus of control and treatment compliance according to general characteristics and severity in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.
METHODS
This descriptive study was conducted with a convenient sample of 103 ACS patients. The dependent variables were measured by the scales for the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control and the Treatment Compliance. The collected data were analyzed by the Fisher's exact test, Chi-square and t-tests, and ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN program.
RESULTS
Pre-interventional severity was significantly different between men and women. In terms of internal health locus of control, there was a significant difference according to gender, educational status, economic status, and severity. The level of medication compliance was the lowest among the sub-scales of treatment compliance.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that clinical nurses should evaluate the general characteristics and severity of the patients with ACS for providing tailored nursing interventions.

PURPOSE
This study was performed to examine the frequency of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), perceived stress, and mental health among community-dwelling women.
METHODS
This study conducted a survey to collect data on 869 women in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The measurements included the Rome III criteria(to diagnose IBS), the Global Assessment Recent Stress(GARS scale to evaluate perceived stress), and symptom check list 90R(SCL-90R to evaluate psychological distress). Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 program by frequency, chi-square -tests, t-test, and analysis of variance(ANOVA).
RESULTS
The frequency of IBS in women was 15.1%. Eighty-six women(65.6%) had mixed constipation and diarrhea subtype of IBS. Compared to the women without IBS, those with IBS reported significantly higher scores on GARS, all subscales of GARS, SCL-90R, all subscales of SCL-90R, and the global severity index(GSI). No significant differences were observed among stress, mental health, and the IBS subtypes.
CONCLUSION
Nursing interventions targeting women with IBS should be developed in order to reduce the associated stress and psychological distress.

PURPOSE
This study was to investigate the sex differences in risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD), depression and self-care activities in type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome.
METHODS
The descriptive correlational design was conducted using a convenient sample. One hundred and twenty-nine diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome were recruited in a university hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, Students' t-test, one way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0.
RESULTS
The risk of CVD in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome indicated a significantly negative correlation to self-care activities and age, and positive correlation to waist_C, SBP, DBP and TG. The metabolic syndrome is associated with an approximate 1.7-fold increase in the relative risk in CVD in diabetic women. The main significant predictors influencing CVD risk of diabetes with metabolic syndrome were age, waist_C, SBP and TG, which explained about 29.7%.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that patients with diabetes with metabolic syndrome with a high degree of waist_C, SBP and TG are likely to be high in risk of CVD.

PURPOSE
This study was to examine the differences in the degree of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and stress according to the gender role identity of female university students.
METHODS
Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 308 female university students. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test.
RESULTS
The most prevalent type of premenstrual syndrome was androgenic(33.8%), followed by undifferentiated(25.0%). There was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea according to residence. In addition, there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome according to age, and in stress according to age and economic status. Also, there was no significant difference according to dysmenorrhea and there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea according to gender role identity. Premenstrual syndrome and stress were the most prevalence in female type, but the lowest severe in masculine type.
CONCLUSION
The study variables can be influencing factors in the gender role identity of female university students. Also, the findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to establish the gender role identity of female university students.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identity the effects of a health promotion program for rural elderly people on self efficacy, health problems, farmers syndrome and quality of life.
METHOD
The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. The data collection was performed from April 12th, 2003 to August 2nd, 2003. The subjects were selected at Mari Myun Geochang Gun in Korea. Forty-four elders were included in the experimental group and 45 elders were included in the control group. The 16-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, t-test, paired t-test with SPSS/Win 10.0 program.
RESULT
The experimental group showed a lower scores of health problems and farmers syndrome than the control group, and higher scores of quality of life than the control group. There were no significant differences in self efficacy.
CONCLUSION
From the above results, it can be concluded that the health promotion program for rural elderly is an effective intervention for improving the rural elderly's quality of life and reducing health problems and farmer's syndrome. Therefore, development of strategy that can spread the health promotion program for rural elderly to the elderly of other rural areas are needed.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the difference between prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome(MS) by gender in type2 diabetic patients.
METHOD
108 participants(males 69, females 39) were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. MS was defined by a third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(Adult Treatment Panel lll)(ATP lll), and abdominal obesity was determined by Asia-Pacific criteria in waist circumference.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MS by definition of NCEP-ATPlll and the Asia-Pacific criteria in waist circumference was 39.3% in males and 66.7% in females type2 diabetic patients. The abdominal obesity prevalence was seen in 44.9% of males and in 79.5% of females patients. The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterolemia in serum was 26.2% in male, 52.8% in female type2 diabetic patients.
CONCLUSION
These results show that nurses should focus on female diabetic patients for preventing MS.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe the premenstrual syndrome and the relationships among premenstrual syndrome, automatic thought, and perfectionism.
METHODS
The 164 subjects were selected from a nursing college in Tae-Jeon. The data were collected using the PAF, ATQ-N, and MPS from April 10th to May 10th, 2001.
RESULTS
The results of this study were as follows: 1.There was no significant difference in premenstrual syndrome due to menarche, duration of menstruation, and menstrual cycle, but significant difference in premenstrual syndrome due to amount of menstruation and regularity of menstrual cycle. 2. The subjects experienced mild premenstrual syndrome. The severe premenstrual syndromes above the mean were who subjects reported general physical discomfort, fatigue, low mood and loss of pleasure, lability and atypical depressive features, et. al., and those below the mean experienced hostility/ anger, increased well-being, miscellaneous mood/behavior change, impulsive syndrome and miscellaneous physical changes, et. al. 3. The score of mean premenstrual syndrome was 236.55, that of automatic thought was 31.41 and that of perfectionism was 185.97. The premenstrual syndrome score was similar to those of other studies and subjects had low automatic thought and moderate perfectionism. 4. There were significant correlations among premenstrual syndrome, automatic thought, and perfectionism (P< .001). 5.Automatic thought and perfectionism accounted for 17 percent of premenstrual syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS
For future research, it was recommended that the study to identify major factors affecting premenstrual syndrome and the relationships between them with various subjects should be done and effective nursing intervention for premenstrual syndrome should be developed.

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hour on the frequency of "red man syndrome", phlebitis and length of peripheral catheter placement of infected patients, in order to provide safe infusion method for reducing vancomycin-induced RMS and phlebitis. The subjects of the study consisted of 16 hospitalized patients; 3 oncology and gastro-intestinal patients, 1 neurological patient, 6 thoracic surgical patients and 6 orthopedic patients, who had received vancomycin from July to October in 1999 at S-hospital. The dependent variables were the incidence of RMS, phlebitis and the length of peripheral catheter placement. The incidence of RMS was checked by an inspector at the first night whenever the infusion method of vancomycin was changed. RMS was observed every 15 minutes during an hour for symptoms of RMS such as itching, erythema, chest pain and systolic blood pressure. Incidence of phlebitis was assessed by inspector twice a day from the insertion of peripheral catheter to the removal of the catheter. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, X2-test, t-test, repeated ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSSWIN program. The results are summarized as follows; 1. No significant difference was identified in frequency of RMS between the experimental group and control group. 2. There was no significant difference in the change of systolic blood pressure as the time goes on between the experimental group and control group. 3. The incidence of phlebitis was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. 4. The length of peripheral catheter placement was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group. 5. Other drugs administrated with vancomycin didn't influence the occurrence of phlebitis. However, the infusion method of vancomycin influenced the occurrence of phlebitis. The results suggest that 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours may decrease the incidence of phlebitis and increase the length of peripheral catheter placement compared to 1 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 100ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours. However, it does not reduce the incidence of RMS.