Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effects of health-related behaviors on metabolically healthy non-obese or obese groups and to analyze gender differences.
Methods
This study was a secondary descriptive study. A total of 14,277 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015 were classified as: metabolically healthy non-obese; metabolically unhealthy non-obese; metabolically healthy obese; or metabolically unhealthy obese. Five health-related behaviors (amount of alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, daily energy intake, and sleep duration) were included as independent variables.
Results
The health-related behaviors associated with metabolic status in non-obese participants were drinking and smoking, whereas those of obese individuals were associated with physical activity. Subgroup analysis showed that more metabolically healthy non-obese men were light drinkers and former smokers than metabolically unhealthy non-obese men. Metabolically healthy non-obese women were more likely to engage in physical activity than metabolically unhealthy non-obese women. Among the obese men, light drinking and physical activity were associated with metabolic status.
Conclusion
Evidence-based interventions promoting health-related behaviors are needed to support metabolic health, considering the metabolic status and obesity phenotypes of the participants and their gender.

Citations

• Health Characteristics, Nutrient Intake, and Associated Risk Factors According to the Metabolic Health and Obesity Status in Korean Adults : Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015
  Jounghee Lee, Seonghyun Lim, Young-Min Lee
  Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2023; 32(6): 845.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify variables influencing the sexual adjustment of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in order to establish a structural model and intervention strategy for improving patients’ sexual adjustment.
Methods
Participants were 179 patients who received follow-up care after undergoing radical prostatectomy at two university hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from July to November, 2017 using structured questionnaires. The exogenous variables were urinary symptoms and age, and the endogenous variables were sexual function, self-esteem, depression, couple intimacy, and sexual adjustment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0.
Results
The goodness-of-fit measures of the final hypothetical model were satisfactory, as follows: χ² /df=2.68, GFI=.91, CFI=.90, RMSEA=.09, SRMR=.07. Sexual function, self-esteem, and couple intimacy had direct and total effects on sexual adjustment in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, and age had only an indirect effect. These variables explained 66.5% of sexual adjustment among patients. Urinary symptoms and depression did not show any significant effects, however.
Conclusion
To improve sexual adjustment in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, it is imperative to establish active and effective nursing interventions to strengthen their sexual function, self-esteem, and couple intimacy, considering their age.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sexual health program for men with rectal cancer resection based on sexual function, self-esteem, depression, and marital intimacy.
METHODS
Using a quasi-experiment design, the intervention group (n=32) participated in the sexual health program based on PLISSIT (Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy) model. They received the program three times between August 2014 and March 2015. The comparison group (n=30) received a general educational program for rectal cancer. Four survey questionnaires such as International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressing Scale (CES-D), Marital Intimacy were used to measure the four key variables.
RESULTS
After the sexual health program, the intervention group showed statistically positive effect for the sexual function (F=4.14, p=.046), self-esteem (F=16.71, p < .001), depression (F=12.56, p=.001), and marital intimacy (F=12.45, p=.001) than the comparison group.
CONCLUSION
Sexual health program should be consistently provided for men with rectal cancer resection since the intervention group reported better self-esteem, less depression, more intimacy and better sexual functioning.

Citations

• Feasibility and effectiveness of communication tools for addressing intimacy and sexuality in patients with cancer: a systematic review
  Susanne A. M. Arends, Carlijn E. van Rossum, Corien M. Eeltink, Jantien E. Robertus, Linda J. Schoonmade, Anneke L. Francke, Irene P. Jongerden
  Supportive Care in Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of self-efficacy in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), knowledge of and susceptibility to STD, and the role of gender in sexual autonomy.
METHODS
Data were collected from 267 college students using self-report questionnaires during the period from the first to the twentieth of June 2015. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, simple and multiple regression techniques with the PASW/WIN 20.0 program. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test.
RESULTS
In male students, self-efficacy for STD prevention showed a full mediating effect in the relationship between STD susceptibility and sexual autonomy (β=-.08, p=.370). But in female students, it had a partial mediating effect (β=-.25, p=.001). And self-efficacy for STD prevention showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between knowledge of STD and sexual autonomy in the both male (β=.25, p=.005) and female students (β=.33, P<.001).
CONCLUSION
To enhance college students' sexual autonomy, it may be useful to build effective strategies enhancing students' knowledge about and susceptibility to STD and to develop a self-efficacy promotion program for college students.

Citations

• The effect of counseling based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory on sexual self-efficacy and quality of sexual life
  Leila Alimohammadi, Fatemeh Zarei, Mojgan Mirghafourvand
  Women & Health.2020; 60(4): 473.     CrossRef
• Emotional Intelligence, Problem Solving Ability, Self Efficacy, and Clinical Performance among Nursing Students: A Structural Equation Model
  Mi Sook Kim, Sue Kyung Sohn
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(4): 380.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of sexual attitude among the elderly to their sexual life while exploring the moderating effect of general characteristics in the relationship between sexual attitude and sexual life.
METHODS
A descriptive research design was used. The subjects were 322 married elderly from four silver centers in Seoul and Gangwon-do. Aging Sexuality Attitude Scale developed by White (1982) was used to examine sexual life status and general characteristics of the subjects (gender, age, academic background, religion, economic status, and residential type). For data analysis, chi2-test, t-test, and ANOVA were conducted. Since the dependent variable of sexual life is a binary variable, hierarchical logistic regression was implemented.
RESULTS
There were 180 people (55.9%) who had a sexual life. Depending on gender (chi2=35.03, p<.001), academic background (chi2=29.45, p<.001), and economic status (chi2=7.36, p=.025), the subjects showed significant difference in terms of sexual life. Regarding sexual attitude, the subjects showed significant difference depending on gender (t=-5.47, p<.001), age (t=-2.31, p=.021), academic background (t=5.16, p<.001), economic status (F=3.17, p=.043), and sexual life status (t=4.99, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
It is important to devise the sex education program in consideration of gender, age, and academic background that showed moderating effects.

Citations

• Necessity and methods of sexual education in the elderly population
  Hana Yoon
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(6): 320.     CrossRef
• Effects of Expressive Sexual Coping Behavior on the Prostitution Attitude of Spouseless Men
  Byeong-Joo Jeon, Keon-Hoo Kim
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(2): 13.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sex education for the elderly on sexual knowledge and life satisfaction.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. A seven week sex education program for the elderly was developed and offered to the treatment group. Subjects were drawn from three welfare centers in Seoul. Twenty six were selected for the treatment l group while 27 were assigned to a comparison group. Sexual knowledge and life satisfaction were measured.
RESULTS
The level of life satisfaction reported by the treatment group was greatly increased (t=2.14, p=.037). There were no statistically significant differences in sexual knowledge between both the two groups.
CONCLUSION
A positive influence of sex education was found to increase the level of life satisfaction. Further study on customized sex education for the elderly by individual characteristics is required.

PURPOSE
This study was aimed to analyze the sexual health curriculum for the nursing baccalaureate and associate's degrees in Korea. The curriculum proper based on Posner's theory presented the analysis of purpose, content, organization, and underlying assumption.
METHODS
This study was conducted with sexual health education guidelines, nursing practice standards, 181 curriculums, and teaching materials. Data were collected through literature, online homepage from 181 nursing school, and textbooks from July to September, 2013. Data were analyzed using percentage and mean with SPSS 12.0.
RESULTS
The purposes were mostly included in the low grade cognitive learning domain. The contents included 20 key elements among 22, so the scope was not inclusive. There was an unbalance between content's depth and scope, because total mean credit of sexual health nursing education was only 19.81 hours. The spiral structure of organization showed continuity, sequence, and integration with international standards. The interdisciplinary integration and transcultural value were advantages of the curriculum.
CONCLUSION
This study provided a view on understanding sexual health nursing curriculum and implication for advanced education. The proclaiming of the standard and concept mapping of sexual health curriculum may contribute to the curriculum development for the advanced nursing.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the perception of sex life and sexual desire coping behavior among the spouseless elderly.
METHODS
The participants were 149 elders who resided in six administrative regions of B city. Data were collected from December 1, 2012 to March 3, 2013 using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression in a PASW 18.0 program.
RESULTS
Stepwise multiple regression analysis of data indicated that the most likely predictor is gender. Gender, sexual relation, subjective health status and parent-child relationship explained 34% of the variance of perception of sex life. Gender, dating status and age explained 44% of the variance of sexual desire coping behavior.
CONCLUSION
Based on the study findings, gender and current dating status should be considered to conduct comprehensive sex health care education for healthy sex life of the elderly with no spouse.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify if participating in a sexual education program, influences knowledge, and healthcare attitude among attitudes of nurse clinicians in Korea.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 Korean nurse clinicians. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from July to August, 2011 from five hospitals in S and I cities. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
RESULTS
This study reported that the majority of nurse clinicians had attended sexual programs about sexual harassment, reproductive system and function. There were significant correlations between experience of attending sexual education(r=.32, p=.003) and sexual knowledge(r=.14, p=.047) with sexual healthcare attitude. Sexual education on the job(beta=.13, p=.004), supplementary sexual education(beta=.17, p=.009), sexual knowledge(beta=.16, p=.048), and obstetrics and gynecology department carrier(beta=.29, p<.001) explained 14.0% of sexual healthcare attitude.
CONCLUSION
This study's results demonstrate that advanced and continuous sexual health program is necessary for nurse clinicians. Proper sexual knowledge and positive attitude may promote nursing intervention and counseling concerning patients' sexual problems.

Citations

• Sexual health knowledge and needs among young adults with congenital heart disease
  Su Jin Kwon, Yu-Mi Im, Ka Ming Chow
  PLOS ONE.2021; 16(5): e0251155.     CrossRef
• Sexual Health Care Attitudes and Practices of Nurses Caring for Patients with Cancer
  Young Hee Chae, Young Ok Song, Soon Tae Oh, Won Hee Lee, Young Mi Min, Hyang Mi Kim, Seung A Lee, Young Sin Choi
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(1): 28.     CrossRef
• Nursing Student's Perceptions of Barriers on Sexuality : Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey
  Mi Young Chan
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(6): 355.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to examine the sexual behavior and awareness of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among the elderly.
METHODS
Subjects were 599 elderly living in a metropolitan area who completed a structured questionnaire. Data collection was from September 6, 2011 to January 17, 2012. The data were analyzed by using percentage and chi2-test.
RESULTS
Approximately 25% of the subjects reported a sexual life. Age, gender, education, family type, presence and health of spouse, health state of the subject, past occupation, dwelling pattern, and economic state made statistically significant difference in sexual behavior. Fifty five percent of the respondents reported no knowledge of STD. Factors such as age, gender, education, presence of spouse, and past occupation were statistically significant in terms of awareness of STD.
CONCLUSION
Age, education, and presence of spouse should be factored in to understand the sexuality of the elderly as well as to develop sexuality counseling programs that provide adequate information for each individual.

Citations

• Development and psychometric testing of a semantic differential scale of sexual attitude for the older person
  Hyojung Park, Sunhwa Shin
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2015; 17(4): 526.     CrossRef
• Development and Effect of Sex Education Program for the Elderly
  Hyojung Park, Gunjung Lee, Hyun Su Cha, Sun Hwa Shin
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(3): 266.     CrossRef
• Effect of Sexual Attitude of Aged People on Sexual Life: Moderating Effect of General Characteristics
  Sun Hwa Shin, Hyojung Park
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(3): 320.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe the sexual behavior, health risk related to reproductive health, and characteristics of sexual experience among college students in Korea.
METHODS
Six thousands college students were selected through proportional quota sampling based on region, college, and gender. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to describe the data.
RESULTS
Thirty eight percent (N=2,285) of the participants reported sexual intercourse. The mean age of first time sexual intercourse was 19.3 years old. Respondents reported the following health risks such as smoking, drinking, not exercising, no regular meal patterns, chronic disease status, and weight loss over 10 kg in the past three months showed significant differences by sexual intercourse experience (p<.01). Among those who had sexual intercourse experiences, 7.1% of them reported having a history of STDs and 11.6% reported a pregnancy or pregnancy of one's partner.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study reflect the current trends of sex behaviors among college students and correlations between health risks related to reproductive health and sexual intercourse experiences. Developing reproductive health education programs based on the findings and providing the programs to college students through a school nurse is suggested.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the barriers faced by Korean nurses in addressing the patients' sexual health.
METHODS
The subjects in this study were nurses working at hospitals in Seoul and Jeonju. The data for this study were collected between November 2008 and December 2008. The subjects were assured of anonymity and confidentiality.
RESULTS
The barriers to addressing the patients' sexual health were moderate in the subjects. The nurses had moderate sexual knowledge and communication skills. In a stepwise regression analysis, the areas of work, communication skills, participation in sexual health training, and experience in Obstetrics and Gynecology accounted for 18.3% of the variance of the barrier for addressing the patients' sexual health.
CONCLUSION
These findings emphasize the need for the development of a patient-centered sexual health-related curriculum for nurses, which has been briefly discussed in Korea. An educational program that improves the nurses' communication skills will be effective in reducing the barriers to addressing the patients' sexual health and will help the nurses become sexual health specialists.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of sexual satisfaction and daily stress in breast cancer patients.
METHODS
Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Data survey was conducted with 500 conveniently selected breast cancer patients who visited the out patient department in 5 university hospitals in Seoul, Gyung-gi and Gang-won province.
RESULTS
The sexual satisfaction of breast cancer patients score was 31.34 and there were significant sexual satisfaction differences by age, education level, menopause and sexual activity frequency. Sexual satisfaction was negatively related with daily stress (r = -.177) especially personal stress (r = -.155), economic stress (r = -.138), stress of self (r = -.181), family stress (r = -.154) and stress about leisure (r = -.139).
CONCLUSION
These findings are expected to make a contribution to creation of ideal sexual rehabilitation nursing interventions for breast cancer patients care nurse. Furthermore continuous and customized education and counseling programs can contribute to promote healthy sexual life for breast cancer patients.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify the difference of sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of college students who fulfilled military service and those who did not, for providing basic data for developing nursing interventions for the college students.
METHODS
This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study were 3,741 male college students. Data were collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from November to December 2007. The sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior measurement tool was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square test.
RESULTS
The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) There was a statistically significant difference in sexual knowledge of contraception / abortion(p = .002, t = 3.16), venereal disease(p = .006, t = .2.73), sexual attitude of sexual behavior(p = .002; t = 3.13) and sexual double think(p = .047, t = 1.98) according to military service 2) There was a statistically significant difference in sexual behavior experience frequency of 9 items(friendship with opposite sex, kiss / embracing, petting, porno magazine / porno video contact, masturbation, sexual intercourse via anus, sexual intercourse via mouth, cause pregnancy, cause abortion: p < .000, chi-sqare = 39.47; p < .000, chi-sqare = 55.88; p < .000, chi-sqare = 46.76; p = .034, chi-sqare = 6.77; p = .017, chi-sqare = 12.05; p = .003, chi-sqare = 14.24; p < .000, chi-sqare = 47.70; p < .000, chi-sqare = 23.86; p < .000, chi-sqare = 21.84) respectively according to military service.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that sexual knowledge, attitudes and behavior differ before and after the experience of military service, so further study for detecting military sex culture character effecting difference in sex knowledge, attitudes and behavior is needed.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted, on the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze factors influencing on undergraduate students' sexual behavior and to provide basic guidelines for the intervention of promoting sex education in school.
METHOD
The participants of this study consisted of 284 under-graduate students at 3 colleges and 3 universities in Seoul. SPSS 10.0 win program was used and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the influencing factors on undergraduate students' sexual behavior.
RESULTS
The results of this study can be summarized as follows; For undergraduate students, perceived behavioral control, and attitude of sexual behavior could explain 43% of the variance in intention of sexual behavior. However, subjective norm didn't influence sexual behavioral intention. For undergraduate students, perceived behavioral control, sexual behavioral intention were factors influencing sexual behavior, and these factors could explain 43% of the variance in sexual behavior.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the interventive sex education that is upright and healthy will be needed to strengthen perceived behavioral control and sexual behavioral intention as influencing factors on sexual behavior in adolescent and young adults.

PURPOSE
This study was undertaken in order to examine the factors related to sexual satisfaction in climacteric women.
METHOD
This was a descripitive correlation study. The subjects were 544 women in climacteric stage. Data were analyzed a using of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with a SPSS WIN11.0.
RESULTS
The predictors of sexual satisfaction were age, education, marital status, family income, number of delivery, hormone therapy, body image, state anxiety, trait anxiety, spouse support. These factors explained 57.6% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
These finding suggest the need to develope nursing strategy to improve the sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. To improve the climacteric women's sexual satisfaction, the above major influencing factors should be considered.

PURPOSE
This study was performed to identify the difference in attitudes and knowledge between high school and college girls regarding sexual education. METHOD: Data was collected from questionnaires given to 99 high school girls and 110 college girls in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULT: In middle school, the time given to sexual education influenced the students present knowledge of sexual education. The sources of sex education were friends, seniors and mass media. The score for sexual knowledge in high school girls was 12.78 and for college girls 24.19. The field that obtained the highest score in territorial sexual knowledge was 'reproductive physiology' in the high school girls. There was little awareness of venereal disease, AIDS, contraception. Sexual attitudes among college girls was more open than that of high school girls. There was a positive correlation between sexual knowledge and attitudes(r=.535, p<.001). The significant difference of items were residence and sexual experience(p<.001). CONCLUSION: This study was shown that realistic knowledge teaching of venereal diseases, contraception and AIDS should be included in planning of sexual education programs. Specially, the groups had sexual experience and college girls in the dormitory will need more specific teaching.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among body image, depression and sexual function in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: Subjects were 96 postmenopausal women who have lived in Korea. Data was collected using Semantic Differential scale, CES-D, and FSFI. RESULTS: The level of body image was positive, depression was mild, and sexual function was moderate. There were no significant correlation between depression and sexual function. The subjects who had more positive body image experienced higher sexual function and less depressed mood. CONCLUSION: These findings showed the need for a knowledge development program for nurses regarding women's sexual function. Also, nurses must do counseling with sexual partner's and consider patients' body image when counseling those who complain of sexual dysfunction

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identity the relationships among self reported health behaviors, menopausal symptoms, and sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 155 women from 40 to 60 years. The data was analyzed using SPSS program for frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: 1. The mean score of health behaviors was 3.10 out of maximum 4. 2. The mean score of self-reported menopausal symptoms was 1.73 out of maximum 2. 3. The mean score of sexual satisfaction was 2.73 out of maximum 4. 4. Women's degree of menopausal symptoms had negative correlations with the degree of health behaviors(r=-0.437, p<.001) and the degree of sexual satisfaction(r=-0.439, p<.001). The degree of health behaviors had a positive correlation with the degree of sexual satisfaction (r=0.470, p<.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, menopausal symptoms-based complaints by middle-aged women were negatively correlated to health behavior and sexual satisfaction. Therefore, health behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle- aged women, especially when dealing with menopausal symptoms and sexual satisfaction.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare differences on sexual satisfaction between non-smokers and smokers of Korean adult males. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 304 current smokers and 331 current non-smokers(stop smokers, never smokers) (58.0%). Because of the nature of the study, the participants were recruited through a home page advertisement of a brand newspaper company in Korea, and the survey was done through Internet system. The tool to measure participant's sexual satisfaction was adopted from the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale-Male. RESULT: Participant's age ranged from 20 to 49, mostly in their 30s-40s(96.1%). They were smoking average of 15 cigarettes per day. There were no significant difference on sexual satisfaction between current smokers and non- smokers(t=-.55, p>.05). However, there were significant difference on sexual satisfaction between ever smokers(n=481) and never smokers(n=154) (t=2.10, p<.05). There were significant differences an erectile and orgasm satisfaction according to number of cigarettes they smoked per day. 54.5% smokers who said that they have difficulty in keeping erectile state considered on smoking cessation within 30 days whereas 24.2% in those who said that keeping erectile state was easy. CONCLUSION: Informing about the high risk of sexual dysfunction with cigarette smoking should become a important part of smoking cessation education and for smoking adolescents.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to explore and compare the prostatic hypertrophoc symptoms, activities of daily living, satisfaction of sexual activities and well-being among subjects with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms and the general population.
METHOD
One hundred subjects with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms and one hundred general persons were recruited in K medical center. The data were collected from October 20, 2001 to March 30, 2002 by structured questionnaire.
RESULT
The results were the following; 1. The percentage of mild(0~7), moderate(8~19) and severe(20~35)symptoms between subjects with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms and general persons were 6% : 60%, 54% : 39%, 40% : 1%. 2. There was a significant difference in prostatic hypertrophic symptoms(t=12.82, p<.001), in activities of daily living(t=-7.77, p<.0001), in satisfaction of sexual activities (t=-4.80, p<.0001), in well-being(t=-4.80, p<.0001) between subjects with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms and general persons 3. There was a significant difference in activities of daily living(F=16.28, p<.0001), satisfaction of sexual activities(F=3.98, p<.05) according to prostatic hypertrophic symptoms in subjects with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms.
CONCLUSION
According to the above findings, prostatic hypertrophic symptoms influence activities of daily living, satisfaction of sexual activities, well-being of subjects with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms negatively.

PUPPOSE: This study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and educational needs for sexuality of the elderly.
METHOD
This was a descriptive study, in which data were collected from February to April 2002 from 354 elderly who were residing in Chung-Chung province.
RESULT
1. The level of knowledge regarding sexuality was below average. 2. The level of the attitudes toward sexuality of the elderly was neither positive nor negative. 3. The educational needs of the elderly were above average. 4. Higher level of knowledge on sexuality was significantly correlated with more positive attitudes and education needs for sexuality, and more positive attitudes toward sexuality was significantly correlated with more educational needs for sexuality.
CONCLUSION
Particularly men, with good health, and those who were in intimate relationships with their spouses and still engaged with active sexual life showed somewhat higher level of knowledge and positive attitudes as well as higher educational needs. Therefore, further development and applying of sexuality promotion programs for healthy elder couples should be considered in the future to enhance the quality of life of elder population. In addition, it is also suggested to develop an alternative intervention program on sexuality for elderly who are women, those with meager health, and the bereaved.

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors related to sexual function of women with coronary artery disease, and to determine the predictors of sexual function. The study design, a descriptive correlational study, was done through structural questionnaire and interview. A total of 50 subjects from C University Hospital at Kwang-ju city who have undergone coronary angiography at department of cardiology were observed and interviewed from Feb. 22, 1999 to March. 23, 1999. The number of affected vessels, the level of total serum cholesterol, and the ejection fraction of 2-D echo cardiography were analyzed to evaluate the severity of coronary artery disease. And also type A behavior pattern, health behavior, Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W) were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis via SPSS PC+. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean age of the subjects were 58.1 and 72.0% of those have been married over 30 years. Seventy two percentage were unemployed and monthly family income of 56.6% was less than 1,000,000 won (approximately $ 840). Eighty percent were in their postmenopausal state, and the frequency of sexual intercourse of 84.0% were two to three times per month. 2. The scores of type A behavior pattern were from 16 to 38(mean 24.94) and health behavior ranged from 21 to 43(mean 31.2). Abstinence from smoking, alcohol, and caffeine were best compliant factors and weight control and exercise were least abided ones. The result of 2D-ECHO EF showed that the half of the subjects were abnormal, and 24% had more than 240mg/dl of total serum cholesterol. The coronary angiography showed that 64% of the subjects had more than one affected vessels. 3. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'orgasm' were number of health examination, the pre- or post-menopausal state, protestant, number of coronary vessel affected, level of serum total cholesterol, and comorbid group of hypertension and diabetes, and it's total variance accounted for 52.4%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual activity' were comorbid group of hypertension and diabetes and type A behavior pattern, which accounted for 22.4% of total variance. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual satisfaction' were type A behavior pattern, no religion, exercise, level of serum total cholesterol, and pre or post menopausal state, which accounted for 52.1%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual desire' were the period of marriage, type A behavior, employment or unemployment, and weight control, which accounted for 43.2%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'external force of sexual functioning' were physical overload and exercise, which accounted for 41.1%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual activity' were family monthly income, catholics, and exercise, and which accounted for 35.4%. Above results lead us to some consensus that sexual function of women with coronary artery disease is related to various factors including vasogenic factors such as total serum cholesterol level, number of coronary vessel affected, an endocrinal factor such as menopausal state, and type A behavior pattern as a socio- pshychological factor. And also health behaviors such as fitness care, overwork, weight control, and emotional tension are contributed to sexual function.