Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

Hyojung Park

doi:10.7475/KJAN.2013.25.1.83

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Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

Hyojung Park

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2013;25(1):83-94.
Published online: February 18, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/KJAN.2013.25.1.83

Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Park, Hyojung Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 150-750, Korea Tel: +82-2-3277-2824, Fax: +82-2-3277-2850, E-mail: hyojungp@ewha.ac.kr

• Received: September 19, 2012 • Accepted: February 21, 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
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Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine the sexual behavior and awareness of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among the elderly.
Methods
Subjects were 599 elderly living in a metropolitan area who completed a structured questionnaire. Data collection was from September 6, 2011 to January 17, 2012. The data were analyzed by using percentage and x²-test.
Results
Approximately 25% of the subjects reported a sexual life. Age, gender, education, family type, presence and health of spouse, health state of the subject, past occupation, dwelling pattern, and economic state made statistically significant difference in sexual behavior. Fifty five percent of the respondents reported no knowledge of STD. Factors such as age, gender, education, presence of spouse, and past occupation were statistically significant in terms of awareness of STD.
Conclusion
Age, education, and presence of spouse should be factored in to understand the sexuality of the elderly as well as to develop sexuality counseling programs that provide adequate information for each individual.
Key Words: Aged; Awareness; Sexuality; Sexual behavior

Table 1.

General Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=599)

Characteristics		Categories	n (%)
Age (year)		65~70	130 (21.7)
		71~80	345 (57.6)
		81~90	121 (20.2)
		≥91	3 (0.5)
Gender		Male	293 (48.9)
Gender		Female	306 (51.1)
Education		Uneducated	140 (23.4)
		Elementary school	208 (34.7)
		Middle school	99 (16.5)
		High school	120 (20.0)
		≥College	31 (5.3)
Family type		Living alone	198 (33.1)
		Spouse	214 (35.7)
		Spouse and child	83 (13.9)
		Child	96 (16.0)
		Other	8 (1.3)
Presence of spouse		Yes	309 (51.6)
Presence of spouse		No	290 (48.4)
Awareness on health	Spouse (n=309)	Very healthy	32 (10.4)
		Healthy	72 (23.3)
		Normal	95 (30.7)
		Not healthy	66 (21.4)
		Suffering from a disease	44 (14.2)
	Self (n=599)	Very healthy	30 (5.0)
		Healthy	124 (20.7)
		Normal	174 (29.0)
		Not healthy	150 (25.0)
		Suffering from a disease	121 (20.2)
Presence of past occupation		Public servant and company worker	95 (15.9)
		Agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry	76 (12.7)
		Professional and freelancer	144 (24.0)
		Merchant and self-employed	137 (22.9)
		Housewife	113 (18.9)
		Unemployed	34 (5.7)
Presence of present occupation		Yes	59 (9.8)
Presence of present occupation		No	540 (90.2)
Dwelling pattern		Owned	283 (47.2)
		Leased	145 (24.2)
		Monthly rented	103 (17.2)
		Other	68 (11.4)
Economic status		Upper	13 (2.2)
		Middle	261 (43.6)
		Lower	325 (54.3)

Table 2.

Sexual Behavior (N=599)

Items	Categories	n (%)
Level of sexual desire	Very strong	20 (3.3)
	Often feel	30 (5.0)
	Sometimes feel	161 (26.9)
	Not much	121 (20.2)
	Never	267 (44.6)
Availability of current sexual life	Yes	155 (25.9)
Availability of current sexual life	No	444 (74.1)
No. of times for intercourse (n=155)	More than once a week	25 (16.1)
	Every two weeks	45 (29.0)
	Once a month	68 (43.9)
	Every 6 months	17 (11.0)
Partner for sexual life (n=155)	Spouse	109 (70.3)
	Partner	30 (19.4)
	Prostitute	8 (5.2)
	Other	8 (5.2)
No. of partners for intercourse(n=155)	1 person	141 (91.0)
	2 persons	8 (5.2)
	3 persons	2 (1.3)
	4 persons	2 (1.3)
	5 persons	2 (1.3)
Intercourse with a prostitute in recent 5 years (n=293)	Yes	49 (16.7)
Intercourse with a prostitute in recent 5 years (n=293)	No	244 (83.3)
No. of intercourses with a prostitute(n=49)	More than once a week	9 (18.4)
	Every two weeks	10 (20.4)
	Once a month	12 (24.5)
	Every 6 months	14 (28.6)
	Non-response	4 (8.2)
Use of a condom when having an intercourse (n=293)	Use	38 (13.0)
	Sometimes use	13 (4.4)
	Don't use	155 (52.9)
	Non-response	87 (29.7)
Reason of not using a condom when having an intercourse (n=155)	Don't know why it needs	102 (65.8)
	Difficult to get	7 (4.5)
	Declined pleasure	35 (22.6)
	Non-response	11 (7.1)

Table 3.

Degree of Awareness on STD

Items	Categories	Total (N=599)	Elderly^† (n=155)
Items	Categories	n (%)	n (%)
Awareness on STD	Aware	268 (44.7)	90 (58.1)
Awareness on STD	Unaware	331 (55.3)	65 (41.9)
Awareness on symptoms of STD	Aware	360 (60.1)	96 (61.9)
Awareness on symptoms of STD	Unaware	239 (39.9)	59 (38.1)
Intention to receive exam on STD	Yes	242 (40.4)	68 (43.9)
Intention to receive exam on STD	No	357 (59.6)	87 (56.1)
Intention to receive treatment in case of having STD	Receive	477 (79.6)	126 (81.3)
Intention to receive treatment in case of having STD	Not receive	122 (20.4)	29 (18.7)
Target of receiving STD treatment	Only self	251 (41.9)	62 (40.0)
	With sex partner	242 (40.4)	71 (45.8)
	Both don't receive treatment	106 (17.7)	22 (14.2)
Act to prevent STD when having an intercourse	Do	175 (29.2)	71 (45.8)
Act to prevent STD when having an intercourse	Don't	424 (70.8)	84 (54.2)
Past history of having STD in recent 5 years	Yes	5 (0.8)	2 (1.3)
Past history of having STD in recent 5 years	No	594 (99.2)	153 (98.7)
Intention to receive sex education	Yes	170 (28.4)	58 (37.4)
Intention to receive sex education	No	429 (71.6)	97 (62.6)
Most favorable place for sex education	Hospital	196 (32.7)	54 (34.8)
	Silver center	44 (7.3)	8 (5.2)
	Welfare center for the aged	175 (29.2)	38 (24.5)
	Public health center	145 (24.2)	47 (30.3)
	Other	39 (6.5)	8 (5.2)
Most favorable educational method for sex education	Lecture	251 (41.9)	60 (38.7)
	Video clip	90 (15.0)	34 (21.9)
	Booklet	23 (3.8)	5 (3.2)
	Counseling	184 (30.7)	46 (29.7)
	Internet	9 (1.5)	5 (3.2)
	Other	42 (7.0)	5 (3.2)
Most favorable lecturer for sex education	Doctor	428 (71.5)	126 (81.3)
	Nurse	56 (9.3)	10 (6.5)
	Social worker	79 (13.2)	13 (8.4)
	Other	36 (6.0)	6 (3.9)

STD=sexually transmitted diseases.

^†Elderly who enjoy current sexual life.

Table 4.

Sexual Behavior depending on General Characteristics (N=599)

Characteristics	Categories	Availability of CSL (n=599)			Partner for sexual life (n=155)					Use of a condom WHI (n=293)					Reason of not using a condom WHI (n=155)
		Yes	No	p	Spouse	Partner	Prostitute	Other	p	Use	SU	DU	N/A	p	DN	DG	DP	N/A	p
		n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p
Age (year)	65~70	51 (32.9)	79 (17.8)	＜.001	41 (37.6)	7 (23.3)	1 (12.5)	2 (25.0)	.062	10 (26.3)	2 (15.4)	36 (23.2)	21 (24.1)	.946	25 (24.5)	1 (14.3)	9 (25.7)	1 (9.1) .	.926
	71~80	92 (59.4)	253 (57.0)		61 (56.0)	22 (73.3)	4 (50.0)	5 (62.5)		23 (60.5)	10 (76.9)	95 (61.3)	57 (65.5)		59 (57.8)	5 (71.4)	23 (65.7)	8 (72.7)
	81~90	11 (7.1)	110 (24.8)		6 (5.5)	1 (3.3)	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)		5 (13.2)	1 (7.7)	23 (14.8)	8 (9.2)		17 (16.7)	1 (14.3)	3 (8.6)	2 (18.2)
	≥91	1 (0.6)	2 (0.5)		1 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.6)	1 (1.1)		1 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Gender	Male	135 (87.1)	158 (35.6)	＜.001	92 (84.4)	29 (96.7)	8 (100.0)	6 (75.0)	.146
Gender	Female	20 (12.9)	286 (64.4)		17 (15.6)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (25.0)
Education	Uneducated	7 (4.5)	133 (30.0)	＜.001	5 (4.6)	2 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	.721	3 (7.9)	0 (0.0)	7 (4.5)	6 (6.9)	.842	10 (9.8)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.7)	2 (18.2) .	.864
	Elementary school	45 (29.0)	163 (36.7)		29 (26.6)	11 (36.7)	4 (50.0)	1 (12.5)		10 (26.3)	4 (30.8)	14 (9.0)	18 (20.7)		33 (32.4)	2 (28.6)	12 (34.3)	5 (45.5)
	Middle school	30 (19.4)	69 (15.5)		20 (18.3)	6 (20.0)	1 (12.5)	3 (37.5)		8 (21.1)	3 (23.1)	52 (33.5)	21 (24.1)		21 (20.6)	3 (42.9)	7 (20.0)	1 (9.1)
	High school	56 (36.1)	64 (14.4)		40 (36.7)	10 (33.3)	3 (37.5)	3 (37.5)		13 (34.2)	5 (38.5)	32 (20.6)	34 (39.1)		31 (30.4)	2 (28.6)	10 (28.6)	2 (18.2)
	≥College	17 (11.0)	15 (3.4)		15 (13.8)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		4 (10.5)	1 (7.7)	45 (29.0)	8 (9.2)		7 (6.9)	0 (0.0)	4 (11.4)	1 (9.1)
Family type	Living alone	18 (11.6)	180 (40.5)	＜.001	4 (3.7)	11 (36.7)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)	＜.00	6 (15.8)	2 (15.4)	27 (17.4)	17 (19.5)	.964	17 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	7 (20.0)	3 (27.3) .	.034
	Spouse	93 (60.0)	121 (27.3)		77 (70.6)	7 (23.3)	5 (62.5)	4 (50.0)	1	19 (50.0)	6 (46.2)	86 (55.5)	50 (57.5)		57 (55.9)	4 (57.4)	19 (54.3)	6 (54.5)
	Spouse and child	32 (20.6)	51 (11.5)		25 (22.9)	5 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	2 (25.0)		9 (23.7)	4 (30.8)	31 (20.0)	14 (16.1)		22 (21.6)	1 (14.3)	8 (22.9)	0 (0.0)
	Child	11 (7.1)	85 (19.1)		3 (2.8)	7 (23.3)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)		3 (7.9)	1 (7.7)	9 (5.8)	6 (6.9)		6 (5.9)	1 (14.3)	1 (2.9)	1 (9.1)
	Other	1 (0.6)	7 (1.6)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.3)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (9.1)
Presence of spouse	Yes	131 (84.5)	178 (40.1)	＜.001	105 (96.3)	15 (50.0)	5 (62.5)	6 (75.0)	＜.00	31 (81.6)	10 (76.9)	121 (78.1)	63 (72.4)	.667	82 (80.4)	5 (71.4)	28 (80.0)	6 (54.5) .	.247
Presence of spouse	No	24 (15.5)	266 (59.9)		4 (3.7)	15 (50.0)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)	1	7 (18.4)	3 (23.1)	34 (21.9)	24 (27.6)		20 (19.6)	2 (28.6)	7 (20.0)	5 (45.5)
Health status of spouse (n=309)	Very healthy	14 (10.7)	18 (10.1)	.004	7 (6.7)	4 (26.7)	1 (20.0)	2 (33.3)	.107	2 (6.5)	2 (20.0)	9 (7.4)	4 (6.3)	.690	6 (7.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (7.1)	1 (16.7) .	.971
	Healthy	39 (29.8)	33 (18.5)		35 (33.3)	3 (20.0)	1 (20.0)	0 (0.0)		8 (25.8)	2 (20.0)	30 (24.8)	18 (28.6)		21 (25.6)	1 (20.0)	7 (25.0)	1 (16.7)
	Normal	44 (33.6)	51 (28.7)		38 (36.2)	4 (26.7)	1 (20.0)	1 (16.7)		9 (29.0)	1 (10.0)	42 (34.7)	16 (25.4)		26 (31.7)	3 (60.0)	10 (35.7)	3 (50.0)
	Not healthy	26 (19.8)	40 (22.5)		21 (20.0)	2 (13.3)	1 (20.0)	2 (33.3)		9 (29.0)	2 (20.0)	24 (19.8)	17 (27.0)		17 (20.7)	1 (20.0)	5 (17.9)	1 (16.7)
	SD	8 (6.1)	36 (20.2)		4 (3.8)	2 (13.3)	1 (20.0)	1 (16.7)		3 (9.7)	36 (20.2)	16 (13.2)	8 (12.7)		12 (14.6)	0 (0.0)	4 (14.3)	0 (0.0)
Health status of oneself	Very healthy	9 (5.8)	21 (4.7)	＜.001	6 (5.5)	2 (6.7)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	.913	4 (10.5)	1 (7.7)	11 (7.1)	1 (1.1)	.038	7 (6.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.9)	3 (27.3)	.197
	Healthy	42 (27.1)	82 (18.5)		31 (28.4)	6 (20.0)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)		9 (23.7)	0 (0.0)	39 (25.2)	24 (27.6)		28 (27.5)	1 (14.3)	9 (25.7)	1 (9.1)
	Normal	62 (40.0)	112 (25.2)		44 (40.4)	12 (40.0)	2 (25.0)	4 (50.0)		13 (34.2)	8 (61.5)	54 (34.8)	26 (29.9)		36 (35.3)	3 (42.9)	11 (31.4)	4 (36.4)
	Not healthy	33 (21.3)	117 (26.4)		20 (18.3)	9 (30.0)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)		10 (26.3)	0 (0.0)	35 (22.6)	23 (26.4)		18 (17.6)	3 (42.9)	11 (31.4)	3 (27.3)
	SD	9 (5.8)	112 (25.2)		8 7.3)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		5 (5.3)	4 (30.8)	16 (10.3)	13 (14.9)		13 (12.7)	0 (0.0)	3 (8.6)	0 (0.0)
Presence of past occupation	PS and CW	37 (23.9)	58 (13.1)	＜.001	24 (22.0)	9 (30.0)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)	.607	8 (21.1)	2 (15.4)	39 (25.2)	18 (20.7)	.958	26 (25.5)	3 (42.9)	8 (22.9)	2 (18.2) .	.681
	A, F, and LI	24 (15.5)	52 (11.7)		14 (12.8)	7 (23.3)	3 (37.5)	0 (0.0)		6 (15.8)	3 (23.1)	21 (13.5)	9 (10.3)		10 (9.8)	1 (14.3)	6 (17.1)	4 (36.4)
	p and F	40 (25.8)	104 (23.4)		30 (27.5)	7 (23.3)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)		13 (34.2)	5 (38.5)	54 (34.8)	31 (35.6)		36 (35.3)	2 (28.6)	13 (37.1)	3 (27.3)
	M and S	37 (23.9)	10 (22.5)		28 (25.7)	5 (16.7)	1 (12.5)	3 (37.5)		9 (23.7)	2 (15.4)	35 (22.6)	25 (28.7)		26 (25.5)	1 (14.3)	6 (17.1)	2 (18.2)
	Housewife	8 (5.2)	105 (23.6)		7 (6.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		2 (5.3)	1 (7.7)	6 (3.9)	4 (4.5)		4 (3.9)	0 (0.0)	5 (14.3)	0 (0.0)
	Unemployed	9 (5.8)	25 (5.6)		24 (5.0)	24 (5.0)	33 (7.6)	24 (5.0)
Presence of present occupation	Yes	21 (13.5)	38 (8.6)	.073	15 (13.8)	5 (16.7)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	.679	5 (13.2)	2 (15.4)	15 (9.7)	10 (11.5)	.864	10 (9.8)	0 (0.0)	30 (85.7)	11 .	.427
Presence of present occupation	No	134 (86.5)	406 (91.4)		94 (86.2)	25 (83.3)	7 (87.5)	8 (100.0)		33 (86.8)	11 (84.6)	140 (90.3)	77 (88.5)		92 (90.2)	7 0 (100.0)	7 (87.5)	(100.0) 0 (0.0)
Dwelling pattern	Owned	107 (69.0)	176 (39.6)	＜.001	83 (76.1)	15 (50.0)	5 (62.5)	4 (50.0)	.149	23 (60.5)	5 (38.5)	91 (58.7)	52 (59.8)	.589	58 (56.9)	3 (42.9)	24 (68.6)	6 (54.5)	.012
	Leased	26 (16.8)	119 (26.8)		14 (12.8)	9 (30.0)	1 (12.5)	2 (25.0)		7 (18.4)	5 (38.5)	41 (26.5)	20 (23.0)		31 (30.4)	0 (0.0)	8 (22.9)	2 (18.2)
	Monthly rented	12 (7.7)	91 (20.5)		6 (5.5)	3 (10.0)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)		6 (15.8)	2 (15.4)	11 (7.1)	6 (6.9)		8 (7.8)	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (18.2)
	Other	10 (6.5)	58 (13.1)		6 (5.5)	3 (10.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		2 (5.3)	1 (7.7)	12 (7.7)	9 (10.3)		5 (4.9)	3 (42.9)	3 (8.6)	1 (9.1)
Economic status	Upper	6 (3.9)	7 (1.6)	.002	6 (5.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	.140	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	5 (3.2)	1 (1.1)	.653	3 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.7)	0 (0.0) .	.529
	Middle	83 (53.5)	178 (40.1)		64 (58.7)	14 (46.7)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)		15 (39.5)	4 (30.8)	73 (47.1)	35 (40.2)		51 (50.0)	1 (14.3)	16 (45.7)	5 (45.5)
	Lower	66 (42.6)	259 (58.3)		39 (35.8)	16 (53.3)	5 (62.5)	6 (75.0)		22 (57.9)	9 (69.2)	77 (49.7)	51 (58.6)		48 (47.1)	6 (85.7)	17 (48.6)	6 (54.5)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

CSL=current sexual life; WHI=when having an intercourse; SU=sometimes use; DU=don't use; DN=don't know why it needs; DG=Difficult to get; Dp=declined pleasure; N/A=Non-response; SD=suffering from a disease;

SD=suffering from a disease; PS and CW=public servant and company worker; A, F, and LI=agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry; pand F=professional and freelancer; M and S=merchant and self-employed.

Table 5.

Awareness on STD depending on General Characteristics (N=599)

Characteristics	Categories	Awareness on STD			Awareness on symptoms of STD			Exam on STD		Preventive act against STD				STD treatment			Person with STD
		Aware	Unaware	p	Aware	Unaware	p	Receive	DR	p	Do	Don't do	p	Receive	NR	p	Only self	WSP	BDRT	p
		n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p
Age(year)	65~70	66(24.6)	64(19.3)	.022	82(22.8)	48(20.1)	.459	54(22.3)	76(21.3)	.544	49(28.0)	81(19.1)	.012	107(22.4)	23(18.9)	.133	42(16.7)	68(28.1)	20(18.9)	.037
	71~80	160(59.7)	185(55.9)		210(58.3)	135(56.5)		145(59.9)	200(56.0)		102(58.3)	243(57.3)		277(58.1)	68(55.7)		156(62.2)	131(54.1)	58(54.7)
	81~90	42(15.7)	79(23.9)		67(18.6)	54(22.6)		42(17.4)	79(22.1)		24(13.7)	98(22.9)		92(19.3)	29(23.8)		51(20.3)	42(17.4)	28(26.4)
	≥91	0(0.0)	3(0.9)		1(0.3)	2(0.8)		1(0.4)	2(0.6)		0(0.0)	3(0.7)		1(0.2)	32(1.6)		2(0.8)	1(0.4)	0(0.0)
Gender	Male	162(60.4)	131(39.6)	＜.001	174(48.3)	119(49.8)	.727	113(46.7)	180(50.4)	.371	121(69.1)	172(40.6)	＜.00	237(49.7)	56(45.9)	.456	123(49.0)	118(48.8)	52(49.1)	.998
Gender	Female	106(39.6)	200(60.4)	＜.001	186(51.7)	120(50.2)	.727	129(50.4)	177(49.6)	.371	54(30.9)	252(59.4)	1	240(50.3)	66(54.1)	.456	128(51.0)	124(51.2)	54(50.9)	.998
Education	Uneducated	40(14.9)	100(30.2)	＜.001	72(20.0)	68(28.5)	.025	68(28.1)	72(20.2)	.211	23(13.1)	117(27.6)	＜.00	106(22.2)	34(27.9)	.706	57(22.7)	55(22.7)	28(26.4)	.014
	Elementary school	63(23.5)	145(43.8)		121(33.6)	87(36.4)		79(32.6)	129(36.1)		43(24.6)	165(38.9)	1	166(34.8)	42(34.4)		99(39.4)	75(31.0)	34(32.1)
	Middle school	53(19.8)	46(13.9)		65(18.1)	34(14.2)		40(16.5)	59(16.5)		35(20.0)	64(15.1)		80(16.8)	19(15.6)		47(18.7)	31(12.8)	21(19.8)
	High school	89(33.2)	31(9.4)		77(21.4)	43(18.0)		42(17.4)	78(21.8)		56(32.0)	64(15.1)		98(20.5)	22(18.0)		39(15.5)	61(25.2)	20(18.9)
	≥College	23(8.6)	9(2.7)		25(6.9)	7(2.9)		13(5.4)	19(5.3)		18(10.3)	14(3.3)		27(5.7)	5(4.1)		9(3.6)	20(8.3)	3(2.8)
Family type	Living alone	78(29.1)	120(36.3)	.005	114(31.7)	84(35.1)	.748	88(36.4)	110(30.8)	.179	53(30.3)	145(34.2)	.010	165(34.6)	33(27.0)	.151	89(35.5)	76(31.4)	33(31.1)	.400
	Spouse	109(40.7)	105(31.7)		132(36.7)	82(34.3)		82(33.9)	132(37.0)		73(41.7)	141(33.3)		172(36.1)	42(34.4)		83(33.1)	96(39.7)	35(33.0)
	Spouse and child	46(17.2)	37(11.2)		54(15.0)	29(12.1)		36(14.9)	47(13.2)		29(16.6)	54(12.7)		65(13.6)	18(14.8)		31(12.4)	35(14.5)	17(16.0)
	Child	32(11.9)	64(19.3)		55(15.3)	41(17.2)		31(12.8)	65(18.2)		16(9.1)	80(18.9)		68(14.3)	28(23.0)		46(18.3)	30(12.4)	20(18.9)
	Other	3(1.1)	5(1.5)		5(1.4)	3(1.3)		5(2.1)	3(0.8)		4(2.3)	4(0.9)		7(1.5)	1(1.6)		2(0.8)	5(2.1)	1(0.9)
Presence of spouse	Yes	165(61.6)	144(43.5)	＜.001	196(54.4)	113(47.3)	.086	122(50.4)	187(52.4)	.636	106(60.6)	203(47.9)	.005	247(51.8)	62(50.8)	.849	120(47.8)	136(56.2)	53(50.0)	.165
Presence of spouse	No	103(38.4)	187(56.5)	＜.001	164(45.6)	126(52.7)	.086	120(49.6)	170(47.6)	.636	69(39.4)	221(52.1)	.005	230(48.2)	60(49.2)	.849	131(52.2)	106(43.8)	53(50.0)	.165
Health status of spouse(n=309)	Very healthy	16(9.7)	16(11.1)	.570	19(9.7)	13(11.5)	.213	12(9.8)	20(10.7)	.581	8(7.5)	24(11.8)	.414	26(10.5)	16(11.1)	.793	12(10.0)	16(11.8)	4(5.5)	.666
	Healthy	43(26.1)	29(20.1)		43(21.9)	29(25.7)		34(27.9)	38(20.3)		30(28.3)	42(20.7)		61(24.7)	6(9.7)		26(21.7)	34(25.0)	12(22.6)
	Normal	47(28.5)	48(33.3)		63(32.1)	32(28.3)		33(27.0)	62(33.2)		33(31.1)	62(30.5)		73(29.6)	11(17.7)		31(25.8)	45(33.1)	19(28.3)
	Not healthy	38(23.0)	28(19.4)		48(24.5)	18(15.9)		25(20.5)	41(21.9)		23(21.7)	43(21.2)		52(21.1)	22(35.5)		32(26.7)	23(16.9)	11(20.8)
	SD	21(12.7)	23(16.0)		23(11.7)	21(18.6)		18(14.8)	26(13.9)		12(11.3)	32(15.8)		35(14.2)	14(22.6)		19(15.8)	18(16.9)	7(13.2)
Health status of oneself	Very healthy	15(5.6)	15(4.5)	.296	13(3.6)	17(7.1)	.178	11(4.5)	19(5.3)	.072	11(6.3)	19(4.5)	＜.00	24(5.0)	6(4.9)	.691	10(4.0)	12(5.0)	8(7.5)	.427
	Healthy	61(22.8)	63(19.0)		70(19.4)	54(22.6)		49(20.2)	75(21.0)		43(24.6)	81(19.1)	1	103(21.6)	21(17.2)		46(18.3)	58(24.0)	20(18.9)
	Normal	84(31.3)	90(27.2)		108(30.0)	66(27.6)		57(23.6)	117(32.8)		64(36.6)	110(25.9)		134(28.1)	40(32.8)		73(29.1)	69(28.5)	32(30.2)
	Not healthy	61(22.8)	89(26.9)		98(27.2)	52(21.8)		72(29.8)	78(21.8)		40(22.9)	110(25.9)		117(24.5)	33(27.0)		61(24.3)	60(24.8)	29(27.4)
	SD	47(17.5)	74(22.4)		71(19.7)	50(20.9)		53(21.9)	68(19.0)		17(9.7)	104(24.5)		99(20.8)	22(18.0)		61(24.3)	43(17.8)	17(16.0)
Presence of past occupation	PS and CW	57(21.3)	38(11.5)	＜.001	63(17.5)	32(13.4)	.262	41(16.9)	54(15.1)	.337	43(24.6)	52(12.3)	＜.00	72(15.1)	23(18.9)	.427	36(14.3)	43(17.8)	16(15.1)	.591
	A, F, and LI	25(9.3)	51(15.4)		41(11.4)	35(14.6)		36(14.9)	40(11.2)		13(7.4)	63(14.9)	1	61(12.8)	15(12.3)		37(14.7)	27(11.2)	12(11.3)
	pand F	70(26.1)	74(22.4)		80(22.2)	64(26.8)		51(21.1)	93(26.1)		58(33.1)	86(20.3)		122(25.6)	22(18.0)		53(21.1)	64(26.4)	27(25.5)
	M and S	67(25.0)	70(21.1)		90(25.0)	47(19.7)		61(25.2)	76(21.3)		37(21.1)	100(23.6)		111(23.3)	26(21.3)		66(26.3)	51(21.1)	20(18.9)
	Housewife	36(13.4)	77(23.3)		68(18.9)	45(18.8)		42(17.4)	71(19.9)		13(7.4)	100(23.6)		85(17.8)	28(23.0)		46(18.3)	45(18.6)	22(20.8)
	Unemployed	13(4.9)	21(6.3)		18(5.0)	16(6.7)		11(4.5)	23(6.4)		11(6.3)	23(5.4)		26(5.5)	8(6.6)		13(5.2)	12(5.0)	9(8.5)
Presence of present occupation	Yes	28(10.4)	31(9.4)	.659	34(9.4)	25(10.5)	.683	20(8.3)	39(10.9)	.284	15(8.6)	44(10.4)	.500	50(10.5)	9(7.4)	.304	24(9.6)	22(9.1)	13(87.7)	.645
Presence of present occupation	No	240(89.6)	300(90.6)	.659	326(90.6)	214(89.5)	.683	222(91.7)	318(89.1)	.284	160(91.4)	380(89.6)	.500	427(89.5)	113(92.6)	.304	227(90.4)	220(90.9)	93(89.5)	.645
Dwelling pattern	Owned	138(51.5)	145(43.8)	.083	171(47.5)	112(46.9)	.627	107(44.2)	176(49.3)	.317	95(54.3)	188(44.3)	.111	225(47.2)	58(47.5)	.810	109(43.4)	112(46.7)	61(57.5)	.077
	Leased	67(25.0)	78(23.6)		89(24.7)	56(23.4)		61(25.2)	84(23.5)		40(22.9)	105(24.8)		115(24.1)	30(24.6)		66(26.3)	56(23.1)	23(21.7)
	Monthly rented	36(13.4)	67(20.2)		64(17.8)	39(16.3)		49(20.2)	54(15.1)		26(14.9)	77(18.2)		85(17.8)	18(14.8)		39(15.5)	49(20.2)	15(14.2)
	Other	27(10.1)	41(12.4)		36(10.0)	32(13.4)		25(10.3)	43(12.0)		14(8.0)	54(12.7)		52(10.9)	16(13.1)		37(14.7)	24(9.9)	7(6.6)
Economic status	Upper	8(3.0)	5(1.5)	.081	3(7.8)	10(5.2)	.016	8(3.3)	5(7.7)	.261	5(2.9)	8(1.9)	.242	11(2.3)	2(1.6)	.480	6(2.4)	6(2.5)	1(0.9)	.874
	Middle	127(47.4)	134(40.5)		154(42.8)	107(44.8)		107(44.2)	154(43.1)		84(48.0)	177(41.7)		213(44.7)	48(39.3)		106(42.2)	108(44.6)	47(44.3)
	Lower	133(49.6)	192(58.0)		203(56.4)	122(51.0)		127(52.5)	199(55.5)		86(49.1)	239(56.4)		253(53.0)	72(59.0)		139(55.4)	128(52.9)	58(54.7)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

STD=sexually transmitted diseases; DR=Don't receive; NR=Not receive; WSp=with sex partner; BDRT=Both don't receive treatment; SD=suffering from a disease; PS and CW=public servant and company worker; A, F, and LI=agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry; pand F=professional and freelancer; M and S=merchant and self-employed.

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Development and psychometric testing of a semantic differential scale of sexual attitude for the older person
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Nursing & Health Sciences.2015; 17(4): 526. CrossRef
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Hyojung Park, Gunjung Lee, Hyun Su Cha, Sun Hwa Shin
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(3): 266. CrossRef
Effect of Sexual Attitude of Aged People on Sexual Life: Moderating Effect of General Characteristics
Sun Hwa Shin, Hyojung Park
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(3): 320. CrossRef

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Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(1):83-94. Published online February 28, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.1.83

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Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(1):83-94. Published online February 28, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.1.83

Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

Table 1.

General Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=599)

Characteristics		Categories	n (%)
Age (year)		65~70	130 (21.7)
		71~80	345 (57.6)
		81~90	121 (20.2)
		≥91	3 (0.5)
Gender		Male	293 (48.9)
Gender		Female	306 (51.1)
Education		Uneducated	140 (23.4)
		Elementary school	208 (34.7)
		Middle school	99 (16.5)
		High school	120 (20.0)
		≥College	31 (5.3)
Family type		Living alone	198 (33.1)
		Spouse	214 (35.7)
		Spouse and child	83 (13.9)
		Child	96 (16.0)
		Other	8 (1.3)
Presence of spouse		Yes	309 (51.6)
Presence of spouse		No	290 (48.4)
Awareness on health	Spouse (n=309)	Very healthy	32 (10.4)
		Healthy	72 (23.3)
		Normal	95 (30.7)
		Not healthy	66 (21.4)
		Suffering from a disease	44 (14.2)
	Self (n=599)	Very healthy	30 (5.0)
		Healthy	124 (20.7)
		Normal	174 (29.0)
		Not healthy	150 (25.0)
		Suffering from a disease	121 (20.2)
Presence of past occupation		Public servant and company worker	95 (15.9)
		Agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry	76 (12.7)
		Professional and freelancer	144 (24.0)
		Merchant and self-employed	137 (22.9)
		Housewife	113 (18.9)
		Unemployed	34 (5.7)
Presence of present occupation		Yes	59 (9.8)
Presence of present occupation		No	540 (90.2)
Dwelling pattern		Owned	283 (47.2)
		Leased	145 (24.2)
		Monthly rented	103 (17.2)
		Other	68 (11.4)
Economic status		Upper	13 (2.2)
		Middle	261 (43.6)
		Lower	325 (54.3)

Table 2.

Sexual Behavior (N=599)

Items	Categories	n (%)
Level of sexual desire	Very strong	20 (3.3)
	Often feel	30 (5.0)
	Sometimes feel	161 (26.9)
	Not much	121 (20.2)
	Never	267 (44.6)
Availability of current sexual life	Yes	155 (25.9)
Availability of current sexual life	No	444 (74.1)
No. of times for intercourse (n=155)	More than once a week	25 (16.1)
	Every two weeks	45 (29.0)
	Once a month	68 (43.9)
	Every 6 months	17 (11.0)
Partner for sexual life (n=155)	Spouse	109 (70.3)
	Partner	30 (19.4)
	Prostitute	8 (5.2)
	Other	8 (5.2)
No. of partners for intercourse(n=155)	1 person	141 (91.0)
	2 persons	8 (5.2)
	3 persons	2 (1.3)
	4 persons	2 (1.3)
	5 persons	2 (1.3)
Intercourse with a prostitute in recent 5 years (n=293)	Yes	49 (16.7)
Intercourse with a prostitute in recent 5 years (n=293)	No	244 (83.3)
No. of intercourses with a prostitute(n=49)	More than once a week	9 (18.4)
	Every two weeks	10 (20.4)
	Once a month	12 (24.5)
	Every 6 months	14 (28.6)
	Non-response	4 (8.2)
Use of a condom when having an intercourse (n=293)	Use	38 (13.0)
	Sometimes use	13 (4.4)
	Don't use	155 (52.9)
	Non-response	87 (29.7)
Reason of not using a condom when having an intercourse (n=155)	Don't know why it needs	102 (65.8)
	Difficult to get	7 (4.5)
	Declined pleasure	35 (22.6)
	Non-response	11 (7.1)

Table 3.

Degree of Awareness on STD

Items	Categories	Total (N=599)	Elderly^† (n=155)
Items	Categories	n (%)	n (%)
Awareness on STD	Aware	268 (44.7)	90 (58.1)
Awareness on STD	Unaware	331 (55.3)	65 (41.9)
Awareness on symptoms of STD	Aware	360 (60.1)	96 (61.9)
Awareness on symptoms of STD	Unaware	239 (39.9)	59 (38.1)
Intention to receive exam on STD	Yes	242 (40.4)	68 (43.9)
Intention to receive exam on STD	No	357 (59.6)	87 (56.1)
Intention to receive treatment in case of having STD	Receive	477 (79.6)	126 (81.3)
Intention to receive treatment in case of having STD	Not receive	122 (20.4)	29 (18.7)
Target of receiving STD treatment	Only self	251 (41.9)	62 (40.0)
	With sex partner	242 (40.4)	71 (45.8)
	Both don't receive treatment	106 (17.7)	22 (14.2)
Act to prevent STD when having an intercourse	Do	175 (29.2)	71 (45.8)
Act to prevent STD when having an intercourse	Don't	424 (70.8)	84 (54.2)
Past history of having STD in recent 5 years	Yes	5 (0.8)	2 (1.3)
Past history of having STD in recent 5 years	No	594 (99.2)	153 (98.7)
Intention to receive sex education	Yes	170 (28.4)	58 (37.4)
Intention to receive sex education	No	429 (71.6)	97 (62.6)
Most favorable place for sex education	Hospital	196 (32.7)	54 (34.8)
	Silver center	44 (7.3)	8 (5.2)
	Welfare center for the aged	175 (29.2)	38 (24.5)
	Public health center	145 (24.2)	47 (30.3)
	Other	39 (6.5)	8 (5.2)
Most favorable educational method for sex education	Lecture	251 (41.9)	60 (38.7)
	Video clip	90 (15.0)	34 (21.9)
	Booklet	23 (3.8)	5 (3.2)
	Counseling	184 (30.7)	46 (29.7)
	Internet	9 (1.5)	5 (3.2)
	Other	42 (7.0)	5 (3.2)
Most favorable lecturer for sex education	Doctor	428 (71.5)	126 (81.3)
	Nurse	56 (9.3)	10 (6.5)
	Social worker	79 (13.2)	13 (8.4)
	Other	36 (6.0)	6 (3.9)

STD=sexually transmitted diseases.

^†Elderly who enjoy current sexual life.

Table 4.

Sexual Behavior depending on General Characteristics (N=599)

Characteristics	Categories	Availability of CSL (n=599)			Partner for sexual life (n=155)					Use of a condom WHI (n=293)					Reason of not using a condom WHI (n=155)
		Yes	No	p	Spouse	Partner	Prostitute	Other	p	Use	SU	DU	N/A	p	DN	DG	DP	N/A	p
		n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p
Age (year)	65~70	51 (32.9)	79 (17.8)	＜.001	41 (37.6)	7 (23.3)	1 (12.5)	2 (25.0)	.062	10 (26.3)	2 (15.4)	36 (23.2)	21 (24.1)	.946	25 (24.5)	1 (14.3)	9 (25.7)	1 (9.1) .	.926
	71~80	92 (59.4)	253 (57.0)		61 (56.0)	22 (73.3)	4 (50.0)	5 (62.5)		23 (60.5)	10 (76.9)	95 (61.3)	57 (65.5)		59 (57.8)	5 (71.4)	23 (65.7)	8 (72.7)
	81~90	11 (7.1)	110 (24.8)		6 (5.5)	1 (3.3)	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)		5 (13.2)	1 (7.7)	23 (14.8)	8 (9.2)		17 (16.7)	1 (14.3)	3 (8.6)	2 (18.2)
	≥91	1 (0.6)	2 (0.5)		1 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.6)	1 (1.1)		1 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Gender	Male	135 (87.1)	158 (35.6)	＜.001	92 (84.4)	29 (96.7)	8 (100.0)	6 (75.0)	.146
Gender	Female	20 (12.9)	286 (64.4)		17 (15.6)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (25.0)
Education	Uneducated	7 (4.5)	133 (30.0)	＜.001	5 (4.6)	2 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	.721	3 (7.9)	0 (0.0)	7 (4.5)	6 (6.9)	.842	10 (9.8)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.7)	2 (18.2) .	.864
	Elementary school	45 (29.0)	163 (36.7)		29 (26.6)	11 (36.7)	4 (50.0)	1 (12.5)		10 (26.3)	4 (30.8)	14 (9.0)	18 (20.7)		33 (32.4)	2 (28.6)	12 (34.3)	5 (45.5)
	Middle school	30 (19.4)	69 (15.5)		20 (18.3)	6 (20.0)	1 (12.5)	3 (37.5)		8 (21.1)	3 (23.1)	52 (33.5)	21 (24.1)		21 (20.6)	3 (42.9)	7 (20.0)	1 (9.1)
	High school	56 (36.1)	64 (14.4)		40 (36.7)	10 (33.3)	3 (37.5)	3 (37.5)		13 (34.2)	5 (38.5)	32 (20.6)	34 (39.1)		31 (30.4)	2 (28.6)	10 (28.6)	2 (18.2)
	≥College	17 (11.0)	15 (3.4)		15 (13.8)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		4 (10.5)	1 (7.7)	45 (29.0)	8 (9.2)		7 (6.9)	0 (0.0)	4 (11.4)	1 (9.1)
Family type	Living alone	18 (11.6)	180 (40.5)	＜.001	4 (3.7)	11 (36.7)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)	＜.00	6 (15.8)	2 (15.4)	27 (17.4)	17 (19.5)	.964	17 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	7 (20.0)	3 (27.3) .	.034
	Spouse	93 (60.0)	121 (27.3)		77 (70.6)	7 (23.3)	5 (62.5)	4 (50.0)	1	19 (50.0)	6 (46.2)	86 (55.5)	50 (57.5)		57 (55.9)	4 (57.4)	19 (54.3)	6 (54.5)
	Spouse and child	32 (20.6)	51 (11.5)		25 (22.9)	5 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	2 (25.0)		9 (23.7)	4 (30.8)	31 (20.0)	14 (16.1)		22 (21.6)	1 (14.3)	8 (22.9)	0 (0.0)
	Child	11 (7.1)	85 (19.1)		3 (2.8)	7 (23.3)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)		3 (7.9)	1 (7.7)	9 (5.8)	6 (6.9)		6 (5.9)	1 (14.3)	1 (2.9)	1 (9.1)
	Other	1 (0.6)	7 (1.6)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.3)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (9.1)
Presence of spouse	Yes	131 (84.5)	178 (40.1)	＜.001	105 (96.3)	15 (50.0)	5 (62.5)	6 (75.0)	＜.00	31 (81.6)	10 (76.9)	121 (78.1)	63 (72.4)	.667	82 (80.4)	5 (71.4)	28 (80.0)	6 (54.5) .	.247
Presence of spouse	No	24 (15.5)	266 (59.9)		4 (3.7)	15 (50.0)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)	1	7 (18.4)	3 (23.1)	34 (21.9)	24 (27.6)		20 (19.6)	2 (28.6)	7 (20.0)	5 (45.5)
Health status of spouse (n=309)	Very healthy	14 (10.7)	18 (10.1)	.004	7 (6.7)	4 (26.7)	1 (20.0)	2 (33.3)	.107	2 (6.5)	2 (20.0)	9 (7.4)	4 (6.3)	.690	6 (7.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (7.1)	1 (16.7) .	.971
	Healthy	39 (29.8)	33 (18.5)		35 (33.3)	3 (20.0)	1 (20.0)	0 (0.0)		8 (25.8)	2 (20.0)	30 (24.8)	18 (28.6)		21 (25.6)	1 (20.0)	7 (25.0)	1 (16.7)
	Normal	44 (33.6)	51 (28.7)		38 (36.2)	4 (26.7)	1 (20.0)	1 (16.7)		9 (29.0)	1 (10.0)	42 (34.7)	16 (25.4)		26 (31.7)	3 (60.0)	10 (35.7)	3 (50.0)
	Not healthy	26 (19.8)	40 (22.5)		21 (20.0)	2 (13.3)	1 (20.0)	2 (33.3)		9 (29.0)	2 (20.0)	24 (19.8)	17 (27.0)		17 (20.7)	1 (20.0)	5 (17.9)	1 (16.7)
	SD	8 (6.1)	36 (20.2)		4 (3.8)	2 (13.3)	1 (20.0)	1 (16.7)		3 (9.7)	36 (20.2)	16 (13.2)	8 (12.7)		12 (14.6)	0 (0.0)	4 (14.3)	0 (0.0)
Health status of oneself	Very healthy	9 (5.8)	21 (4.7)	＜.001	6 (5.5)	2 (6.7)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	.913	4 (10.5)	1 (7.7)	11 (7.1)	1 (1.1)	.038	7 (6.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.9)	3 (27.3)	.197
	Healthy	42 (27.1)	82 (18.5)		31 (28.4)	6 (20.0)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)		9 (23.7)	0 (0.0)	39 (25.2)	24 (27.6)		28 (27.5)	1 (14.3)	9 (25.7)	1 (9.1)
	Normal	62 (40.0)	112 (25.2)		44 (40.4)	12 (40.0)	2 (25.0)	4 (50.0)		13 (34.2)	8 (61.5)	54 (34.8)	26 (29.9)		36 (35.3)	3 (42.9)	11 (31.4)	4 (36.4)
	Not healthy	33 (21.3)	117 (26.4)		20 (18.3)	9 (30.0)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)		10 (26.3)	0 (0.0)	35 (22.6)	23 (26.4)		18 (17.6)	3 (42.9)	11 (31.4)	3 (27.3)
	SD	9 (5.8)	112 (25.2)		8 7.3)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		5 (5.3)	4 (30.8)	16 (10.3)	13 (14.9)		13 (12.7)	0 (0.0)	3 (8.6)	0 (0.0)
Presence of past occupation	PS and CW	37 (23.9)	58 (13.1)	＜.001	24 (22.0)	9 (30.0)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)	.607	8 (21.1)	2 (15.4)	39 (25.2)	18 (20.7)	.958	26 (25.5)	3 (42.9)	8 (22.9)	2 (18.2) .	.681
	A, F, and LI	24 (15.5)	52 (11.7)		14 (12.8)	7 (23.3)	3 (37.5)	0 (0.0)		6 (15.8)	3 (23.1)	21 (13.5)	9 (10.3)		10 (9.8)	1 (14.3)	6 (17.1)	4 (36.4)
	p and F	40 (25.8)	104 (23.4)		30 (27.5)	7 (23.3)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)		13 (34.2)	5 (38.5)	54 (34.8)	31 (35.6)		36 (35.3)	2 (28.6)	13 (37.1)	3 (27.3)
	M and S	37 (23.9)	10 (22.5)		28 (25.7)	5 (16.7)	1 (12.5)	3 (37.5)		9 (23.7)	2 (15.4)	35 (22.6)	25 (28.7)		26 (25.5)	1 (14.3)	6 (17.1)	2 (18.2)
	Housewife	8 (5.2)	105 (23.6)		7 (6.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		2 (5.3)	1 (7.7)	6 (3.9)	4 (4.5)		4 (3.9)	0 (0.0)	5 (14.3)	0 (0.0)
	Unemployed	9 (5.8)	25 (5.6)		24 (5.0)	24 (5.0)	33 (7.6)	24 (5.0)
Presence of present occupation	Yes	21 (13.5)	38 (8.6)	.073	15 (13.8)	5 (16.7)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	.679	5 (13.2)	2 (15.4)	15 (9.7)	10 (11.5)	.864	10 (9.8)	0 (0.0)	30 (85.7)	11 .	.427
Presence of present occupation	No	134 (86.5)	406 (91.4)		94 (86.2)	25 (83.3)	7 (87.5)	8 (100.0)		33 (86.8)	11 (84.6)	140 (90.3)	77 (88.5)		92 (90.2)	7 0 (100.0)	7 (87.5)	(100.0) 0 (0.0)
Dwelling pattern	Owned	107 (69.0)	176 (39.6)	＜.001	83 (76.1)	15 (50.0)	5 (62.5)	4 (50.0)	.149	23 (60.5)	5 (38.5)	91 (58.7)	52 (59.8)	.589	58 (56.9)	3 (42.9)	24 (68.6)	6 (54.5)	.012
	Leased	26 (16.8)	119 (26.8)		14 (12.8)	9 (30.0)	1 (12.5)	2 (25.0)		7 (18.4)	5 (38.5)	41 (26.5)	20 (23.0)		31 (30.4)	0 (0.0)	8 (22.9)	2 (18.2)
	Monthly rented	12 (7.7)	91 (20.5)		6 (5.5)	3 (10.0)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)		6 (15.8)	2 (15.4)	11 (7.1)	6 (6.9)		8 (7.8)	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (18.2)
	Other	10 (6.5)	58 (13.1)		6 (5.5)	3 (10.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)		2 (5.3)	1 (7.7)	12 (7.7)	9 (10.3)		5 (4.9)	3 (42.9)	3 (8.6)	1 (9.1)
Economic status	Upper	6 (3.9)	7 (1.6)	.002	6 (5.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	.140	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	5 (3.2)	1 (1.1)	.653	3 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.7)	0 (0.0) .	.529
	Middle	83 (53.5)	178 (40.1)		64 (58.7)	14 (46.7)	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)		15 (39.5)	4 (30.8)	73 (47.1)	35 (40.2)		51 (50.0)	1 (14.3)	16 (45.7)	5 (45.5)
	Lower	66 (42.6)	259 (58.3)		39 (35.8)	16 (53.3)	5 (62.5)	6 (75.0)		22 (57.9)	9 (69.2)	77 (49.7)	51 (58.6)		48 (47.1)	6 (85.7)	17 (48.6)	6 (54.5)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

Table 5.

Awareness on STD depending on General Characteristics (N=599)

Characteristics	Categories	Awareness on STD			Awareness on symptoms of STD			Exam on STD		Preventive act against STD				STD treatment			Person with STD
		Aware	Unaware	p	Aware	Unaware	p	Receive	DR	p	Do	Don't do	p	Receive	NR	p	Only self	WSP	BDRT	p
		n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p
Age(year)	65~70	66(24.6)	64(19.3)	.022	82(22.8)	48(20.1)	.459	54(22.3)	76(21.3)	.544	49(28.0)	81(19.1)	.012	107(22.4)	23(18.9)	.133	42(16.7)	68(28.1)	20(18.9)	.037
	71~80	160(59.7)	185(55.9)		210(58.3)	135(56.5)		145(59.9)	200(56.0)		102(58.3)	243(57.3)		277(58.1)	68(55.7)		156(62.2)	131(54.1)	58(54.7)
	81~90	42(15.7)	79(23.9)		67(18.6)	54(22.6)		42(17.4)	79(22.1)		24(13.7)	98(22.9)		92(19.3)	29(23.8)		51(20.3)	42(17.4)	28(26.4)
	≥91	0(0.0)	3(0.9)		1(0.3)	2(0.8)		1(0.4)	2(0.6)		0(0.0)	3(0.7)		1(0.2)	32(1.6)		2(0.8)	1(0.4)	0(0.0)
Gender	Male	162(60.4)	131(39.6)	＜.001	174(48.3)	119(49.8)	.727	113(46.7)	180(50.4)	.371	121(69.1)	172(40.6)	＜.00	237(49.7)	56(45.9)	.456	123(49.0)	118(48.8)	52(49.1)	.998
Gender	Female	106(39.6)	200(60.4)	＜.001	186(51.7)	120(50.2)	.727	129(50.4)	177(49.6)	.371	54(30.9)	252(59.4)	1	240(50.3)	66(54.1)	.456	128(51.0)	124(51.2)	54(50.9)	.998
Education	Uneducated	40(14.9)	100(30.2)	＜.001	72(20.0)	68(28.5)	.025	68(28.1)	72(20.2)	.211	23(13.1)	117(27.6)	＜.00	106(22.2)	34(27.9)	.706	57(22.7)	55(22.7)	28(26.4)	.014
	Elementary school	63(23.5)	145(43.8)		121(33.6)	87(36.4)		79(32.6)	129(36.1)		43(24.6)	165(38.9)	1	166(34.8)	42(34.4)		99(39.4)	75(31.0)	34(32.1)
	Middle school	53(19.8)	46(13.9)		65(18.1)	34(14.2)		40(16.5)	59(16.5)		35(20.0)	64(15.1)		80(16.8)	19(15.6)		47(18.7)	31(12.8)	21(19.8)
	High school	89(33.2)	31(9.4)		77(21.4)	43(18.0)		42(17.4)	78(21.8)		56(32.0)	64(15.1)		98(20.5)	22(18.0)		39(15.5)	61(25.2)	20(18.9)
	≥College	23(8.6)	9(2.7)		25(6.9)	7(2.9)		13(5.4)	19(5.3)		18(10.3)	14(3.3)		27(5.7)	5(4.1)		9(3.6)	20(8.3)	3(2.8)
Family type	Living alone	78(29.1)	120(36.3)	.005	114(31.7)	84(35.1)	.748	88(36.4)	110(30.8)	.179	53(30.3)	145(34.2)	.010	165(34.6)	33(27.0)	.151	89(35.5)	76(31.4)	33(31.1)	.400
	Spouse	109(40.7)	105(31.7)		132(36.7)	82(34.3)		82(33.9)	132(37.0)		73(41.7)	141(33.3)		172(36.1)	42(34.4)		83(33.1)	96(39.7)	35(33.0)
	Spouse and child	46(17.2)	37(11.2)		54(15.0)	29(12.1)		36(14.9)	47(13.2)		29(16.6)	54(12.7)		65(13.6)	18(14.8)		31(12.4)	35(14.5)	17(16.0)
	Child	32(11.9)	64(19.3)		55(15.3)	41(17.2)		31(12.8)	65(18.2)		16(9.1)	80(18.9)		68(14.3)	28(23.0)		46(18.3)	30(12.4)	20(18.9)
	Other	3(1.1)	5(1.5)		5(1.4)	3(1.3)		5(2.1)	3(0.8)		4(2.3)	4(0.9)		7(1.5)	1(1.6)		2(0.8)	5(2.1)	1(0.9)
Presence of spouse	Yes	165(61.6)	144(43.5)	＜.001	196(54.4)	113(47.3)	.086	122(50.4)	187(52.4)	.636	106(60.6)	203(47.9)	.005	247(51.8)	62(50.8)	.849	120(47.8)	136(56.2)	53(50.0)	.165
Presence of spouse	No	103(38.4)	187(56.5)	＜.001	164(45.6)	126(52.7)	.086	120(49.6)	170(47.6)	.636	69(39.4)	221(52.1)	.005	230(48.2)	60(49.2)	.849	131(52.2)	106(43.8)	53(50.0)	.165
Health status of spouse(n=309)	Very healthy	16(9.7)	16(11.1)	.570	19(9.7)	13(11.5)	.213	12(9.8)	20(10.7)	.581	8(7.5)	24(11.8)	.414	26(10.5)	16(11.1)	.793	12(10.0)	16(11.8)	4(5.5)	.666
	Healthy	43(26.1)	29(20.1)		43(21.9)	29(25.7)		34(27.9)	38(20.3)		30(28.3)	42(20.7)		61(24.7)	6(9.7)		26(21.7)	34(25.0)	12(22.6)
	Normal	47(28.5)	48(33.3)		63(32.1)	32(28.3)		33(27.0)	62(33.2)		33(31.1)	62(30.5)		73(29.6)	11(17.7)		31(25.8)	45(33.1)	19(28.3)
	Not healthy	38(23.0)	28(19.4)		48(24.5)	18(15.9)		25(20.5)	41(21.9)		23(21.7)	43(21.2)		52(21.1)	22(35.5)		32(26.7)	23(16.9)	11(20.8)
	SD	21(12.7)	23(16.0)		23(11.7)	21(18.6)		18(14.8)	26(13.9)		12(11.3)	32(15.8)		35(14.2)	14(22.6)		19(15.8)	18(16.9)	7(13.2)
Health status of oneself	Very healthy	15(5.6)	15(4.5)	.296	13(3.6)	17(7.1)	.178	11(4.5)	19(5.3)	.072	11(6.3)	19(4.5)	＜.00	24(5.0)	6(4.9)	.691	10(4.0)	12(5.0)	8(7.5)	.427
	Healthy	61(22.8)	63(19.0)		70(19.4)	54(22.6)		49(20.2)	75(21.0)		43(24.6)	81(19.1)	1	103(21.6)	21(17.2)		46(18.3)	58(24.0)	20(18.9)
	Normal	84(31.3)	90(27.2)		108(30.0)	66(27.6)		57(23.6)	117(32.8)		64(36.6)	110(25.9)		134(28.1)	40(32.8)		73(29.1)	69(28.5)	32(30.2)
	Not healthy	61(22.8)	89(26.9)		98(27.2)	52(21.8)		72(29.8)	78(21.8)		40(22.9)	110(25.9)		117(24.5)	33(27.0)		61(24.3)	60(24.8)	29(27.4)
	SD	47(17.5)	74(22.4)		71(19.7)	50(20.9)		53(21.9)	68(19.0)		17(9.7)	104(24.5)		99(20.8)	22(18.0)		61(24.3)	43(17.8)	17(16.0)
Presence of past occupation	PS and CW	57(21.3)	38(11.5)	＜.001	63(17.5)	32(13.4)	.262	41(16.9)	54(15.1)	.337	43(24.6)	52(12.3)	＜.00	72(15.1)	23(18.9)	.427	36(14.3)	43(17.8)	16(15.1)	.591
	A, F, and LI	25(9.3)	51(15.4)		41(11.4)	35(14.6)		36(14.9)	40(11.2)		13(7.4)	63(14.9)	1	61(12.8)	15(12.3)		37(14.7)	27(11.2)	12(11.3)
	pand F	70(26.1)	74(22.4)		80(22.2)	64(26.8)		51(21.1)	93(26.1)		58(33.1)	86(20.3)		122(25.6)	22(18.0)		53(21.1)	64(26.4)	27(25.5)
	M and S	67(25.0)	70(21.1)		90(25.0)	47(19.7)		61(25.2)	76(21.3)		37(21.1)	100(23.6)		111(23.3)	26(21.3)		66(26.3)	51(21.1)	20(18.9)
	Housewife	36(13.4)	77(23.3)		68(18.9)	45(18.8)		42(17.4)	71(19.9)		13(7.4)	100(23.6)		85(17.8)	28(23.0)		46(18.3)	45(18.6)	22(20.8)
	Unemployed	13(4.9)	21(6.3)		18(5.0)	16(6.7)		11(4.5)	23(6.4)		11(6.3)	23(5.4)		26(5.5)	8(6.6)		13(5.2)	12(5.0)	9(8.5)
Presence of present occupation	Yes	28(10.4)	31(9.4)	.659	34(9.4)	25(10.5)	.683	20(8.3)	39(10.9)	.284	15(8.6)	44(10.4)	.500	50(10.5)	9(7.4)	.304	24(9.6)	22(9.1)	13(87.7)	.645
Presence of present occupation	No	240(89.6)	300(90.6)	.659	326(90.6)	214(89.5)	.683	222(91.7)	318(89.1)	.284	160(91.4)	380(89.6)	.500	427(89.5)	113(92.6)	.304	227(90.4)	220(90.9)	93(89.5)	.645
Dwelling pattern	Owned	138(51.5)	145(43.8)	.083	171(47.5)	112(46.9)	.627	107(44.2)	176(49.3)	.317	95(54.3)	188(44.3)	.111	225(47.2)	58(47.5)	.810	109(43.4)	112(46.7)	61(57.5)	.077
	Leased	67(25.0)	78(23.6)		89(24.7)	56(23.4)		61(25.2)	84(23.5)		40(22.9)	105(24.8)		115(24.1)	30(24.6)		66(26.3)	56(23.1)	23(21.7)
	Monthly rented	36(13.4)	67(20.2)		64(17.8)	39(16.3)		49(20.2)	54(15.1)		26(14.9)	77(18.2)		85(17.8)	18(14.8)		39(15.5)	49(20.2)	15(14.2)
	Other	27(10.1)	41(12.4)		36(10.0)	32(13.4)		25(10.3)	43(12.0)		14(8.0)	54(12.7)		52(10.9)	16(13.1)		37(14.7)	24(9.9)	7(6.6)
Economic status	Upper	8(3.0)	5(1.5)	.081	3(7.8)	10(5.2)	.016	8(3.3)	5(7.7)	.261	5(2.9)	8(1.9)	.242	11(2.3)	2(1.6)	.480	6(2.4)	6(2.5)	1(0.9)	.874
	Middle	127(47.4)	134(40.5)		154(42.8)	107(44.8)		107(44.2)	154(43.1)		84(48.0)	177(41.7)		213(44.7)	48(39.3)		106(42.2)	108(44.6)	47(44.3)
	Lower	133(49.6)	192(58.0)		203(56.4)	122(51.0)		127(52.5)	199(55.5)		86(49.1)	239(56.4)		253(53.0)	72(59.0)		139(55.4)	128(52.9)	58(54.7)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

Table 1. General Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=599)

Table 2. Sexual Behavior (N=599)

Table 3. Degree of Awareness on STD

STD=sexually transmitted diseases.

†

Elderly who enjoy current sexual life.

Table 4. Sexual Behavior depending on General Characteristics (N=599)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

Table 5. Awareness on STD depending on General Characteristics (N=599)

Note. No significant results were not shown due to the space of page.

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Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly

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