Development and Effect of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Hyojung Park; Gunjung Lee; Hyun Su Cha; Sun Hwa Shin

doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.3.266

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Development and Effect of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Hyojung Park¹, Gunjung Lee¹, Hyun Su Cha², Sun Hwa Shin²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(3):266-274.
Published online: June 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.3.266

¹Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul

²Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Park, Hyojung Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3277-2824, Fax: +82-2-3277-2850, E-mail: hyojungp@ewha.ac.kr

• Received: December 26, 2013 • Accepted: May 30, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sex education for the elderly on sexual knowledge and life satisfaction.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. A seven week sex education program for the elderly was developed and offered to the treatment group. Subjects were drawn from three welfare centers in Seoul. Twenty six were selected for the treatment l group while 27 were assigned to a comparison group. Sexual knowledge and life satisfaction were measured.
Results
The level of life satisfaction reported by the treatment group was greatly increased (t=2.14, p=.037). There were no statistically significant differences in sexual knowledge between both the two groups.
Conclusion
A positive influence of sex education was found to increase the level of life satisfaction. Further study on customized sex education for the elderly by individual characteristics is required.
Key Words: Aged; Knowledge; Sexuality; Sex education

Table 1.

Organization of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Session	Theme	Contents	Intervener
1^st	Opening	․ About educational program	Psychiatric doctor
	Opening	․ Rapport formation between participants
	Curiosity on the sexuality of the elderly	․ Understanding sexuality of the elderly
		․ Characteristics of a man and woman
		․ Correlation of the brain and sexuality
2^nd	Removal of the social prejudices on the sexuality of the elderly	․ Awareness on the sexuality of the elderly	Psychiatric doctor
		․ Reasons that maintenance of sexual life is good for health
		among the elderly
		․ Establishment of right sexual ethics
3^rd	Aging and sexual life	․ Change on the concept of sexuality	Director of a sexual counseling center
		․ Sexuality of the elderly shown in the popular culture
		․ Breaking sexual prejudice
		․ Free discussion
4^th	Sexual ethics of the elderly	․ Type of sexual distortion	Director of a sexual counseling center
		․ Sexual assault of the elderly and its punishment
		․ Cases of sexual counseling
5^th	Sexual dysfunction and treatment of the elderly	․ Ways of sexual health	Urologist
		․ Pelvic floor muscle exercise for improvement of sexual
		function
		․ Adjuvants for improvement of sexual function
6^th	Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted disease (STD)	․ Types of sexually transmitted disease	Urologist
		․ Treatment and prevention of STD

7^th	Improvement of understanding on spouse	․ Effective communication techniques	Communication expert
		․ Demonstration and practice of communication method
		․ Program satisfaction and evaluation

Table 2.

General Characteristics and Sexual Behavior between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

Characteristics	Categories	Total	Exp. (n=26)	Cont. (n=27)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)		72.5±6.30	74.0±4.65	71.0±7.38	1.76	.086
Gender	Male	27 (50.9)	14 (53.8)	13 (48.1)	0.17	.678
Gender	Female	26 (49.1)	12 (46.2)	14 (51.9)	0.17	.678
Education	≤ES graduate	23 (43.4)	12 (46.2)	11 (40.7)	0.16	.691
Education	＞ES graduate	30 (56.6)	14 (53.8)	16 (59.3)	0.16	.691
Family type	Living alone	14 (26.4)	6 (23.1)	8 (29.6)	0.73	.867
	Spouse	17 (32.1)	8 (30.8)	9 (33.3)
	Spouse and child	12 (22.6)	6 (23.1)	6 (22.2)
	Child	10 (18.9)	6 (23.1)	4 (14.8)
Presence of spouse	Yes	29 (54.7)	14 (53.8)	15 (55.6)	0.02	.901
Presence of spouse	No	24 (45.3)	12 (46.2)	12 (44.4)	0.02	.901
Health status of spouse	Healthy	14 (48.3)	7 (50.0)	7 (46.7)	2.17	.338
	Moderate	10 (34.5)	6 (42.9)	4 (26.7)
	Not healthy	5 (17.2)	1 (7.1)	4 (26.7)
Health status of oneself	Healthy	15 (28.3)	7 (26.9)	8 (29.6)	0.47	.790
	Moderate	18 (34.0)	8 (30.8)	10 (37.0)
	Not healthy	20 (37.7)	11 (42.3)	9 (33.3)
Economic status	Upper	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (3.7)	2.21	.331
	Middle	26 (49.1)	15 (57.7)	11 (40.7)
	Lower	26 (49.1)	11 (42.3)	15 (55.6)
Sexual activity - Do (n=18)
Sexual desire	Frequently	6 (33.3)	4 (40.0)	2 (25.0)	0.45	.799
	Sometimes	8 (44.4)	4 (40.0)	4 (50.0)
	Not at all	4 (22.2)	2 (20.0)	2 (25.0)
Frequency of sexual relations	Once a 2 weeks	4 (22.2)	2 (20.0)	2 (25.0)	0.87	.649
	Once a 1 month	13 (72.2)	7 (70.0)	6 (75.0)
	Once in 6 months	1 (5.8)	1 (10.0)	0 (0.0)
	Not at all	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Partner of sexual relations	Spouse	14 (77.8)	7 (70.0)	7 (87.5)	0.79	.588^†
	Love interests	4 (22.2)	3 (30.0)	1 (12.5)
	Prostitute	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Sexual activity - Don't (n=35)
Sexual desire	Frequently	3 (8.6)	1 (6.3)	2 (10.5)	0.20	1.000^†
	Sometimes	32 (91.4)	15 (93.8)	17 (89.5)
	Not at all	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; ES=elementary school.

^†Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.

Homogeneity Test of Sexual Knowledge and Life Satisfaction between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53

Variables	Exp. (n=26)	Cont. (n=27)	t	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Sexual knowledge	14.88±5.37	13.15±7.11	1.00	.322
Life satisfaction	16.05±3.67	14.58±3.97	1.40	.168

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 4.

Change of Sexual Knowledge and Life Satisfaction between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

Variables	Groups	Pretest	Posttest	Difference	t	p
Variables	Groups	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Sexual knowledge	Exp. (n=26)	14.88±5.37	15.65±5.43	0.77±5.63	0.73	.466
	Cont. (n=27)	13.15±7.11	14.33±7.47	1.19±5.84
Life satisfaction	Exp. (n=26)	16.05±3.67	16.73±4.90	0.68±4.64	2.14	.037
	Cont. (n=27)	14.58±3.97	14.19±3.70	-0.39±3.40

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group

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Falvo N., Norman S.. 2004;Never too old to learn: The impact of an HIV/AIDS education program on older adults' knowledge. Clinical Gerontologist. 27(1):103–-118.
Gott M. M., Hinchliff S. S.. 2003;How important is sex in later life? The views of older people. Social Science & Medicine. 56(8):1617–-1628.
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Han H. J., Kim N. C., Chi S. A.. 2003;Knowledge, attitudes and educational needs for sexuality of the elderly. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 15(1):45–-55.
Hodson D. S., Skeen P.. 1994;Sexuality and aging: The hammerlock of myths. The Journal of Applied Gerontology. 13(3):219–-35.
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Jeong H. W.. 2007;A study on the change of sex perception through sex education programs for aged persons Unpublished master's thesis, Dankook University, Yongin..
Jo M. H., Cha K. H.. 1998. National comparison to life satisfaction. Seoul: Jipmoondang.
Jung M. S., Na I. S.. 2004;A study on the program development to educate the sexuality counsellors for the aged. Korean Journal of Family Social Work. 13:189–-213.
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Kim J. H., Lee C. Y.. 2000;A study on sexuality of the married Korean elderly. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society. 20(3):185–-195.
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Development and Effect of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(3):266-274. Published online June 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.3.266

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Development and Effect of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(3):266-274. Published online June 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.3.266

Development and Effect of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Table 1.

Organization of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Session	Theme	Contents	Intervener
1^st	Opening	․ About educational program	Psychiatric doctor
	Opening	․ Rapport formation between participants
	Curiosity on the sexuality of the elderly	․ Understanding sexuality of the elderly
		․ Characteristics of a man and woman
		․ Correlation of the brain and sexuality
2^nd	Removal of the social prejudices on the sexuality of the elderly	․ Awareness on the sexuality of the elderly	Psychiatric doctor
		․ Reasons that maintenance of sexual life is good for health
		among the elderly
		․ Establishment of right sexual ethics
3^rd	Aging and sexual life	․ Change on the concept of sexuality	Director of a sexual counseling center
		․ Sexuality of the elderly shown in the popular culture
		․ Breaking sexual prejudice
		․ Free discussion
4^th	Sexual ethics of the elderly	․ Type of sexual distortion	Director of a sexual counseling center
		․ Sexual assault of the elderly and its punishment
		․ Cases of sexual counseling
5^th	Sexual dysfunction and treatment of the elderly	․ Ways of sexual health	Urologist
		․ Pelvic floor muscle exercise for improvement of sexual
		function
		․ Adjuvants for improvement of sexual function
6^th	Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted disease (STD)	․ Types of sexually transmitted disease	Urologist
		․ Treatment and prevention of STD

7^th	Improvement of understanding on spouse	․ Effective communication techniques	Communication expert
		․ Demonstration and practice of communication method
		․ Program satisfaction and evaluation

Table 2.

General Characteristics and Sexual Behavior between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

Characteristics	Categories	Total	Exp. (n=26)	Cont. (n=27)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)		72.5±6.30	74.0±4.65	71.0±7.38	1.76	.086
Gender	Male	27 (50.9)	14 (53.8)	13 (48.1)	0.17	.678
Gender	Female	26 (49.1)	12 (46.2)	14 (51.9)	0.17	.678
Education	≤ES graduate	23 (43.4)	12 (46.2)	11 (40.7)	0.16	.691
Education	＞ES graduate	30 (56.6)	14 (53.8)	16 (59.3)	0.16	.691
Family type	Living alone	14 (26.4)	6 (23.1)	8 (29.6)	0.73	.867
	Spouse	17 (32.1)	8 (30.8)	9 (33.3)
	Spouse and child	12 (22.6)	6 (23.1)	6 (22.2)
	Child	10 (18.9)	6 (23.1)	4 (14.8)
Presence of spouse	Yes	29 (54.7)	14 (53.8)	15 (55.6)	0.02	.901
Presence of spouse	No	24 (45.3)	12 (46.2)	12 (44.4)	0.02	.901
Health status of spouse	Healthy	14 (48.3)	7 (50.0)	7 (46.7)	2.17	.338
	Moderate	10 (34.5)	6 (42.9)	4 (26.7)
	Not healthy	5 (17.2)	1 (7.1)	4 (26.7)
Health status of oneself	Healthy	15 (28.3)	7 (26.9)	8 (29.6)	0.47	.790
	Moderate	18 (34.0)	8 (30.8)	10 (37.0)
	Not healthy	20 (37.7)	11 (42.3)	9 (33.3)
Economic status	Upper	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (3.7)	2.21	.331
	Middle	26 (49.1)	15 (57.7)	11 (40.7)
	Lower	26 (49.1)	11 (42.3)	15 (55.6)
Sexual activity - Do (n=18)
Sexual desire	Frequently	6 (33.3)	4 (40.0)	2 (25.0)	0.45	.799
	Sometimes	8 (44.4)	4 (40.0)	4 (50.0)
	Not at all	4 (22.2)	2 (20.0)	2 (25.0)
Frequency of sexual relations	Once a 2 weeks	4 (22.2)	2 (20.0)	2 (25.0)	0.87	.649
	Once a 1 month	13 (72.2)	7 (70.0)	6 (75.0)
	Once in 6 months	1 (5.8)	1 (10.0)	0 (0.0)
	Not at all	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Partner of sexual relations	Spouse	14 (77.8)	7 (70.0)	7 (87.5)	0.79	.588^†
	Love interests	4 (22.2)	3 (30.0)	1 (12.5)
	Prostitute	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Sexual activity - Don't (n=35)
Sexual desire	Frequently	3 (8.6)	1 (6.3)	2 (10.5)	0.20	1.000^†
	Sometimes	32 (91.4)	15 (93.8)	17 (89.5)
	Not at all	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; ES=elementary school.

^†Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.

Homogeneity Test of Sexual Knowledge and Life Satisfaction between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53

Variables	Exp. (n=26)	Cont. (n=27)	t	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Sexual knowledge	14.88±5.37	13.15±7.11	1.00	.322
Life satisfaction	16.05±3.67	14.58±3.97	1.40	.168

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 4.

Change of Sexual Knowledge and Life Satisfaction between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

Variables	Groups	Pretest	Posttest	Difference	t	p
Variables	Groups	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Sexual knowledge	Exp. (n=26)	14.88±5.37	15.65±5.43	0.77±5.63	0.73	.466
	Cont. (n=27)	13.15±7.11	14.33±7.47	1.19±5.84
Life satisfaction	Exp. (n=26)	16.05±3.67	16.73±4.90	0.68±4.64	2.14	.037
	Cont. (n=27)	14.58±3.97	14.19±3.70	-0.39±3.40

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group

Table 1. Organization of Sex Education Program for the Elderly

Table 2. General Characteristics and Sexual Behavior between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; ES=elementary school.

†

Fisher's exact test.

Table 3. Homogeneity Test of Sexual Knowledge and Life Satisfaction between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 4. Change of Sexual Knowledge and Life Satisfaction between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=53)

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