Purpose This narrative review aims to provide an introduction and overview of dyadic research within the context of chronic illness. In addition, some methodological considerations and future directions for conducting dyadic research are presented. Methods The focus of this review is on adult participants in dyads and with chronic illness based on the previous studies and literatures on dyadic science. Results Theory of Dyadic Illness Management and Dyadic Regulation-Connectivity Model (DR-CM) may be appropriate for performing dyadic research. At present, there is a lack of qualitative and quantitative knowledge on the dyadic approach for research on chronic diseases. Dyadic health interventions for building collaborative relationships within a dyad may be beneficial to improve dyadic health outcomes. This article addressed some of the challenges regarding recruitment, data collection, and analysis when it comes to planning dyadic research pertaining to chronic illnesses. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should prioritize needs and preferences at the dyadic level when designing effective chronic disease management. Particularly, it is critical to regularly monitor the dyadic relationships or type of dyadic care during illness trajectories. More research should be undertaken on patient-family caregiver dyads in chronic care, considering the various types of chronic diseases and cultural diversities.
Purpose This study aimed to identify the components of artificial intelligence-based healthcare interventions and determine their effects on health behaviors and physiological, psychological, and cost-effectiveness outcomes among adults. Methods Nine core electronic databases were searched for articles published between January, 2009 and May, 2021 using terms related to artificial intelligence, healthcare, and randomized controlled trials. Qualitative synthesis was then performed. Results Of the 1,194 retrieved articles, 20 were selected for analysis. Many of the studies targeted adults who wanted to change their health behaviors, patients with diabetes, and those aged 20~50 years. The characteristics of the artificial intelligence-based healthcare interventions were analyzed in terms of the following components: external data, artificial intelligence technology, problem solving, and goals. Many interventions offered personalized suggestions by learning participant behavior patterns using machine learning technology and diet and physical activity data. The majority of interventions targeted health behaviors and physiological outcomes. These artificial intelligence-based healthcare interventions were effective in decreasing hospital visits and improving psychological outcomes and health behaviors. Conclusion Artificial intelligence-based healthcare interventions can be an important part of decreasing hospital visits and improving psychological outcomes and health behaviors among adults. The results suggest that there is a need to develop and apply appropriate artificial intelligence algorithms for patients with chronic diseases that require continuous management in Korea.
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Purpose This meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on the risk of Parkinson Disease (PD). Methods Original prospective observational studies were searched through PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct, Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS), and DBpia published up to March 2020. The Relative Risks (RRs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Results An integrated analysis of ten large population-based cohort studies, involving 10,730,117 participants, showed that patients with DM had a 30% higher risk of PD than those without DM (pooled RR=1.30, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.14~1.48). Subgroup analyses based on the characteristics of the studies were conducted, and the association between DM and PD was significant in studies conducted in Asia (RR=1.30, 95% CI=1.01~1.69) and Europe (RR=1.45, 95% CI=1.09~1.94), and for patients with DM durations less than ten years (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.27~1.37) and stroke (RR=1.16, 95% CI=1.03~1.31). Each study included in the analysis had methodologically good quality and showed no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion DM resulted in a significantly increased risk of PD; therefore, prevention and early detection of PD in patients with DM should be encouraged.
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Purpose This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise on Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). Methods The medical databases PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL, and several Korean databases were searched until December 2020. Additionally, a manual search was conducted. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The Review Manager 5.3 version of the Cochrane Library was used to estimate effect size through meta-analysis. Results Nine studies were included. The most common types of exercise reported were yoga, combined aerobics and strength exercise, and combined strength and balance exercise; each was backed by two studies. Four randomized controlled trials were meta-analyzed, and five studies were synthesized qualitatively. A significant effect on CIPN was found using meta-analysis (standardized mean difference=-0.28, 95% confidence interval=-0.47~-0.09, p=.004). As a result of qualitative synthesis, groups that did exercises were reported to have significantly lessened CIPN symptoms than control groups in three studies. In one study, the exercise group showed significant reduction in CIPN symptoms. And in another, the exercise group was more relieved of CIPN symptoms than the control group, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion The results indicate that exercise should be part of the regimen for patients who are receiving or have completed neurotoxic chemotherapy, for relieving CIPN symptoms. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously, especially due to the limited number of studies and the small number of participants. Therefore, further well-designed studies with sufficient numbers of participants are required.
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Purpose This study was conducted to verify the effects of foot bathing on peripheral neuropathy, sleep disorder, and fatigue in gynecologic patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: There were 30 participants in this study who had been diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and were undergoing chemotherapy. Among them, 15 were in the experimental group of the K university hospital and 15 in the control group of the other K university hospital in D city. The experimental group received foot bathing once a day for 30 minutes over 10 days, an hour before bedtime, while the control group did not receive any foot bathing. Results: The results of the study showed that the experimental group that received foot bathing had significant changes in objective peripheral neuropathy (p=.021), sleep disorder (p=.002), and fatigue (p=.030), as compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was found between the experimental and the control groups regarding subjective peripheral neuropathy (p=.256). Conclusion: Hence, our study confirmed that foot bathing can be an effective nursing intervention to reduce peripheral neuropathy, sleep disorder, and fatigue in gynecologic patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
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Purpose This study was conducted to investigate selected constructs of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change regarding smoking behavior among Asian students in Korea. Methods A convenience sample of 240 Chinese and Vietnamese smokers studying in colleges, graduate schools, and language programs across the country completed the Chinese and Vietnamese versions of the short form questionnaire from October 2020 to January 2021, through an online survey. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and logistic regression. Results Analyses showed that 72.1% of participants were in contemplation and preparation stage. There were significant differences in the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy depending on the stages of change in smoking cessation. Factors influencing smoking cessation intention were consciousness raising (Odds Radio [OR]=1.22, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.00~1.15, p=.047), self-reevaluation (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.15~1.70, p=.001), cons of smoking (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00~1.39, p=.045), and self-efficacy (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.00~1.15, p=039). Conclusion The results provide support on the advantages of including the concepts of consciousness raising, self-reevaluation, negative aspects of smoking (cons), and self-efficacy in intervention program development for smoking cessation.
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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the symptom clusters and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the relationship between quality of life and symptoms by cluster. Methods Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records of 123 patients with type 2 diabetes between December 27, 2018 and May 8, 2019. Type 2 diabetes-related symptoms were investigated using the Diabetes Symptom Self-Care Inventory, and quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L). The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results Tiredness was a most frequently reported symptom; however, symptom with weight loss was the most critical symptom reported. Five symptom clusters were identified, four of which correlated with quality of life. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that thirst-fatigue clusters affected quality of life (β=-.26, p=.019). Conclusion Active treatment and continuous lifestyle management are needed to maintain proper blood sugar levels to address type 2 diabetes mellitus-related symptoms within a thirst-fatigue cluster. Identifying the cause of fatigue and applying physical and psychosocial interventions is also required. Symptoms experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes are connected to clusters. Effective disease management and improvement in the quality of life can be achieved by identifying these symptoms through merging and managing the relevant symptoms simultaneously.
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Purpose This study aimed to explore the clinical practice experience of nursing students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods We used the qualitative content analysis steps presented by Graneheim and Lundman. The participants were 11 nursing students from two universities. We collected data by iterative work through in-depth interviews and observations and analyzed it using content analysis and dialogue between the authors to enhance interpretation. Results Four themes emerged from the participants' clinical practice experiences during the pandemic: increased uncertainty in clinical practice and daily life, reduced opportunities for practice experiences and networking, differences in the meaning of clinical practice, and new implications of clinical practice. Conclusion Participants were experiencing clinical practice, including themselves and the surrounding world, under the strong influence of the COVID-19. Therefore, the development of practice guidelines that can be communicated quickly between institutions, students, and universities and cope flexibly with the pandemic alarm levels will reduce uncertainty in clinical practice and minimize changes in activities and networking. Additionally, the nurses’ professional intuition should be improved by expanding the awareness of nurse roles in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Purpose This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the performance of person-centered care among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses from an ecological perspective. Methods The participants were 172 ICU nurses working in eight hospitals in B city. Data were collected from July to August, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of measuring tools for general characteristics, performance of person-centered care, compassion satisfaction, communication competence, and teamwork. The SPSS/25.0 program was used to analyze the data using hierarchical multiple regression. Results According to the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, total nursing experience, compassion satisfaction, communication competence, and team work accounted for 44.1% of the variance in performance of person-centered care among ICU nurses (p<.001). Conclusion Enhancing compassion satisfaction, communication competence, and teamwork can help increase the performance of ICU nurses’ person-centered care. In addition, in order to improve the performance of person-centered care among ICU nurses, it is necessary to investigate and explore the factors hindering the performance of person-centered care among ICU nurses with more than 5 years of experience. Therefore, multidimensional efforts are needed to develop educational programs to increase the performance of person-centered care among ICU nurses.
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Purpose This study aimed to identify variables influencing the sexual adjustment of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in order to establish a structural model and intervention strategy for improving patients’ sexual adjustment. Methods Participants were 179 patients who received follow-up care after undergoing radical prostatectomy at two university hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from July to November, 2017 using structured questionnaires. The exogenous variables were urinary symptoms and age, and the endogenous variables were sexual function, self-esteem, depression, couple intimacy, and sexual adjustment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results The goodness-of-fit measures of the final hypothetical model were satisfactory, as follows: χ2 /df=2.68, GFI=.91, CFI=.90, RMSEA=.09, SRMR=.07. Sexual function, self-esteem, and couple intimacy had direct and total effects on sexual adjustment in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, and age had only an indirect effect. These variables explained 66.5% of sexual adjustment among patients. Urinary symptoms and depression did not show any significant effects, however. Conclusion To improve sexual adjustment in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, it is imperative to establish active and effective nursing interventions to strengthen their sexual function, self-esteem, and couple intimacy, considering their age.
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