Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the revised Korean version of the Nurses' Ethical Behaviors for Protecting Patient's Rights Scale (NEBPPRS-K25). Methods The participants in this study consisted of 311 nurses employed at university hospitals located in D, S, or U cities. Data were collected from July 1 to August 31, 2022. The collected data were analyzed utilizing SPSS and AMOS version 28.0. Results The statistical analysis led to the exclusion of three items from the original version, resulting in five subscales encompassing a total of 25 items. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated satisfactory model fit indices (normed χ2 =2.56, p<.001, RMR=.05, RMSEA=.07, GFI=.84, CFI=.86, TLI=.85, IFI=.87). The items' convergent and discriminant validity were verified using confirmed through the extracted mean variance (.54~.65) and composite reliability (.78~.90). The Cronbach's ⍺ value for the overall NEBPPRS-K instrument was .89, while the Cronbach's ⍺ value for each individual subscale ranged from .66 to .85. Conclusion The NEBPPRS-K25 is a valid and reliable scale, making it suitable for widespread use in measuring nurses' ethical behaviors to safeguard patient rights.
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Purpose This study aimed to translate and adapt the Type 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-1) into Korean and investigate its validity and reliability for Korean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Methods Following a forward-backward translation process, six experts evaluated the content validity of the translated DSAS-1. The DSAS-1 scale (19 items) was administered to 106 T1DM patients, and the data were analyzed. Construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and scale reliability were examined using confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach’s α coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 26.0.
Results The item “Some people expect less of me because I have Type 1 diabetes” had a factor loading of .41 in confirmatory factor analyses. When the item was removed, the average variance extracted increased from .47 to .53. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate model fit indices (χ2/df=1.60, p<.001, GFI=.82, RMSEA=.075, CFI=.92, TLI=.90). The DSAS-1-K (18 items) exhibited moderate convergent and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s α for the overall scale (18 items) was .90, and the three-factor scale ranged from .84 to .89.
Conclusion Our results indicate that 18 DSAS-1 items are recommended in Korea. However, the original scale’s copyright issue prevented any modifications. When using 19 items, the convergent validity was partially unsatisfactory; the model fit index was somewhat low but within the acceptable range. Therefore, we suggest that researchers using the DSAS-1-K (19 items) should consider the results of our study.
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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the revised Korean version of the Chronic Hepatitis B Self-Management Scale-K16 (CHBSMS-K16).
Methods Using the convenience sampling method, the data of chronic hepatitis B patients (N=200) were collected from August to October 2021. The participants were recruited from two hospitals in D metropolitan city and 3 internet cafes for hepatitis patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS programs. The content, structure, item-convergent/discriminant, and convergent validities and internal consistency were evaluated.
Results Based on the statistical analysis, 9 items from the original version were excluded-resulting in 4 subscales with a total of 16 items. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate model fit indices. The items convergence and discrimination validity were verified using extracted mean variance (.46~.65) and composition reliability (.81~.88). The convergent validity was satisfactory, as demonstrated by its correlation with the New General Self Efficacy scale (r=.63, p<.001). The Cronbach’s α for the overall scale was .88, and that of the four subscales ranged from .63 to .74.
Conclusion The CHBSMS-K16 is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, this tool can be used to measure the level of self-management of Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B. Additionally, this scale can be used in clinical settings as well as in educational and research settings.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and verify a Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) specifically for hypertensive patients.
Methods: In the development phase of the QOLS, initial items were derived based on literature review and content analysis through in-depth interviews. After verifying the content validity of the expert group, preliminary questions composed of 94 items were created and confirmed by conducting preliminary research on hypertensive patients. During the verification phase, the preliminary QOLS was administered to 392 hypertensive patients from general hospitals, medical clinics, and public health centers in Busan. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and Cronbach’s ⍺.
Results: The final scale consisted of 30 items derived from 5 factors. Five factors (negative emotion, acceptance of disease, self-reinforcement, social support, self-regulation) were extracted from the factor analysis, which explained 68.0% of the total variance. The convergent validity showed a positive correlation (r=.51, p<.001), discriminant validity showed an inverse correlation (r=-.60, p<.001), and criterion validity showed a positive correlation (r=.35~.64, p<.001). The Cronbach’s ⍺ was .94 and reliability of the subscales was .78~.92.
Conclusion: The specific Quality of Life Scale for hypertensive patients (QOLS_HP) was composed of 30 items using a 5-point Likert scale. The scale demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability.
Purpose The treatment of chronic kidney disease aims to delay dialysis and prevent progression to end-stage health complications. This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Care (CKDSC-K) scale, which is used to measure self-care behaviors in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods Data from 285 participants were collected between August and November 2020. Validity was assessed in terms of content, construct, and concurrence through the content validity index and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of the CKDSC-K was examined using internal consistency.
Results The final instrument consisted of 15 items across five factors (medication adherence, diet control, exercise, smoking behaviors, and blood pressure monitoring). The content validity index of the CKDSC-K was ≥.80. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that factor loadings for the five factors ranged from .41 to .99, which explains the total variance of 75.3%. The internal reliability of the instrument was .81.
Conclusion The CKDSC-K scale has demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity and can be utilized to assess self-care behaviours in patients with chronic kidney disease. Additional research is recommended to expand the psychometric evaluation of the CKDSC-K.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop the Osteoporosis Self-Care Scale (OSCS-13) and verify its validity and reliability.
Methods The subjects were 445 patients with osteoporosis who visited the hospital. They were randomly assigned into two groups as follows: 220 patients for exploratory factor analysis and 225 patients for confirmatory factor analysis. The OSCS-13’s construct validity, convergent-discriminant validity, structure validity, group validity, consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were evaluated.
Results This study examined four factors and 13 items scored on a 5-point likert scale. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate model fit indices (Minimum/Degree of Freedom [CMIN/DF]=1.70, Root Mean Residual [RMR] =.03, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]=.06, Comparative Fit Index [CFI]=.97, Tucker-Lewis Index [TNI]=.96, Incremental Fit Index [IFI]=.97). Convergent-discriminative validity and convergent validity were demonstrated using measures of defining issue. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α of .65~.92 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of .65~.80.
Conclusion The OSCS-13 is a valid and reliable instrument. Hence, it is expected that this tool can be used to measure the level of self-care for patients with osteoporosis.
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the Korean revised version of the Self-Care Behaviors Scale’s (SCBS-K19) validity and reliability. Methods The data of 203 rheumatoid arthritis patients at a university hospital in D metropolitan city in South Korea were collected from July to August 2020, using a convivence sampling method. The SCBS-K19 was analyzed utilizing SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs. The SCBS-K19’s content validity, structure validity, item-convergent/discriminant validity, convergent validity, and internal consistency and reliability were evaluated. Results Among the items in original version, the items with a ceiling or floor effect of 30% or more were deleted, thus, resulting in a revised version with five sub-areas and 19 questions. The confirmatory factor analysis’ results showed adequate model fit indices (c2/df=2.29, GFI=.85, RMR=.06, RMSEA=.08, CFI=.91, TLI=.89, IFI=.91). The items’ convergence and discrimination validity were verified using the extracted mean variance (.52~.66) and composition reliability (.80~.90). The convergent validity was satisfactory as shown by its correlation with the Self-as Carer Inventory (SCI) (r=.60, p<.001). The Cronbach’s ⍺ for the overall scale was .88, and that of five subscales ranged from .77 to .90. Conclusion The SCBS-K19 is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore it is expected that this tool can be used to measure the level of self-care in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to develop an Ethical Nursing Competence Self-rating Scale for Clinical Nurses.
Methods: A scale-development study was applied that comprised eight stages of DeVellis. The scale verification involved a convenience sample of 423 nurses from September to October 2019 at three general hospitals located in Korea. The content validity, factorial structure validity, item-convergent/discriminant validity, known-group validity, convergent validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability of the Ethical Nursing Competence Self-rating Scale for Clinical Nurses were evaluated. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT), Cronbach’s ⍺, and intraclass correlation coefficient.
Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded five-factors. Known-group validity was demonstrated by clinical experience and nursing ethics education experience. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of defining issue. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s ⍺ of .70~.85 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of .72~.89.
Conclusion: The Ethical Nursing Competence Self-rating Scale for Clinical Nurses is a new instrument that comprehensively measures the aspects of ethical behavior, ethical decision-making and action, ethical sensitivity, ethical reflection, and ethical knowledge. It consists of 20 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified.
These findings indicate that the instrument can be applied in clinical practice, nursing education, and research.
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Korean J Adult Nurs 2020;32(1):46-56. Published online February 29, 2020
PURPOSE This study aimed to establish the translation adequacy and examine the psychometric properties of Face Mask Use Scale (FMUS). METHODS This methodological study employed a cross-sectional design with repeated measures. Phase 1 examined the equivalence and relevance of English and Chinese versions of FMUS. Phase 2 examined the internal consistency, stability and construct validity. Different sample batches (213 university students and 971 general public) were used appropriately for psychometric testing. The 2-phase data were collected between January and April 2017. RESULTS In Phase 1, the semantic equivalence and relevance (item- and scale-level content-validity-index=100%) was satisfactory. Furthermore, from 133 paired test-retest responses, the quadratic weighted kappa (.53~.73, p<.001) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC=.81) between the English and Chinese version of FMUS were satisfactory. In Phase 2, FMUS demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.80~.81; corrected item-total correlation coefficients=.46~.67) and two-week test-retest stability (ICC=.84). The known-groups method (t=3.08, p<.001), exploratory (71.10% of total variance in two-factor model) and confirmatory factory analysis (χ²/df=4.02, Root Mean Square Residual=.03, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=.06, Goodness of Fit Index=.99, Comparative Fit Index=.99) were all satisfactory for establishing the construct validity. CONCLUSION The FMUS has an equivalence Chinese and English versions, satisfactory reliability and validity for measuring the practice of face mask use. This poses clinical and research implications for those community health nurses who works on respiratory protection. Further research should be conducted on the ‘negligent practice’ of FMU.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a instrument to evaluate patient safety perception in hospitalized patient and to examine its validity and reliability. METHODS For the development of the initial items, the literature was reviewed along with the existing measuring tools. The items were evaluated by experts for content validity. This study was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018. A total of 294 hospitalized patients participated in the study to verify the validity and reliability of the instrument. Data were analyzed by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency. RESULTS The final instrument were derived containing 24 items and 3 factors. There were 10 items on “activities to ensureâ€, 10 items on “patient's safety practicesâ€, and 4 items on “trust of the medical system.†The criterion-related validity was established using the Patient Measure of Safety (r=.72, p < .001). The Cronbach's α for this instrument was .93. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that this instrument has satisfactory validity and reliability. It can quantitatively measure the degree of patient safety awareness of hospitalized patients.
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PURPOSE This study was designed to develop and test the Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients. METHODS The process for the development of the Hope Test was a selection of initial items drawn from a literature review and in-depth interviews. The selected items were assessed for content validity by experts. The Hope Scale was comprised of five factors and 30 preliminary items. The preliminary Hope Scale for Korean Cancer Patients (HS_KCP) was administered to 259 cancer patients from one university hospital and one cancer hospital in Busan. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's α. RESULTS Eighteen items were selected for the final scale. Five factors (inner sense of control, trust and expectation for recovery of disease, interconnection, spirituality, emotional despair) evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 63.3% of the total variance. The convergent & discriminent validity was r=.83 (p<.001), r=-73 (p<.001). The internal consistency, Cronbach's α was .88 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .54 to .85. CONCLUSION The Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the hope of cancer patients and is feasible within a clinical setting.
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PURPOSE This study was to develop and test the resilience scale for Korean nursing college students. METHODS The initial 82 items (7 factors) were developed through literature review and student interviews. Items were reduced to 55 items through content validity test by 5 experts and face validity tests by 20 nursing students. The preliminary Resilience Scale for Korean Nursing Students (RS_KNS) was administered to 302 nursing students of 4 universities in Chungnam. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS Twenty-four items were selected for the final scale. Seven factors evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 61.9% of the total variance. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was .84 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .60 to .77. CONCLUSION The resilience scale for Korean nursing college students demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the resilience of nursing college students and is expected to get utilized in teaching and research.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and contribution of 9 nursing outcomes and their indicators that could be applied to cerebrovascular patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 175 neurosurgical nurses working at two university affiliated hospitals and five secondary hospitals located in Gwang-ju. The Fehring method was used to estimate outcome content validity(OCV) and outcome sensitivity validity(OSV) of nursing outcomes and their indicators. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate relationship between outcome and its indicators. RESULTS: The core outcomes identified by the OCV were Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral, Nutritional Status, Neurological Status, and Wound Healing: Primary Intention, whereas highly supportive outcomes identified by the OSV were Oral Health, Self-Care: ADL, and Nutritional Status. All the critical indicators selected for Fehring method were not included in stepwise regression model. By stepwise regression analysis, the indicators explained outcomes from 19% to 52% in importance and from 21% to 45% in contribution. CONCLUSION: This study identified core and supportive outcomes and their indicators which could be useful to assess the physical status of cerebrovascular patients. Further research is needed for the revision and development of nursing outcomes and their indicators at neurological nursing area.
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