Purpose Middle-aged women often experience weight gain, particularly as visceral fat, due to hormonal changes associated with menopause. Visceral fat, which accumulates in the abdomen, poses significant risks to cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the cardiometabolic risks associated with Visceral Fat Obesity (VFO) and Subcutaneous Fat Obesity (SFO) in middle-aged Korean women and to identify factors that influence VFO. Methods Women aged 40 to 64 with overweight or obesity were recruited from March to April 2019. The study involved anthropometric measurements, fasting blood tests, and low-volume abdominal computed tomography. Additionally, participants provided self-reported sociodemographic, health-related, and lifestyle information, including Physical Activity (PA) and dietary intake. Results Of all participants, 70.8% were post-menopausal, and 55.1% had VFO. Those with VFO exhibited significantly higher mean values for waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the Framingham risk score compared to those with SFO. The factors influencing VFO were age (odds ratio (OR)=1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.032~1.247), body mass index (OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.151 ~1.875), days of vigorous PA per week (OR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.244~0.735), and intake of animal calcium (OR=0.99; 95% CI, 0.988~0.997). Conclusion The findings indicate that middle-aged women with VFO face increased cardiometabolic risks. Since menopause is inevitable in women, targeting modifiable behaviors to reduce weight, particularly visceral fat, is crucial for lowering cardiometabolic risk.
Purpose Cancer diagnosis is associated with psychological distress, which often leads to a significant reduction in adaptation and quality of life. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and related factors of psychological distress in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Methods The study included 138 women scheduled for surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy following a recent breast cancer diagnosis at a university hospital in Korea.
Psychological distress was assessed using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and problem lists. Data collection occurred from November 1, 2021, to November 30, 2022. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were utilized for data analysis. Results The average age of the participants was 51.72 years. Among the 138 participants, 67.4% (n=93) reported moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified financial burden (Odds Ratio [OR]=4.32), fears (OR=5.35), and nervousness (OR=5.50) as predictors of moderate to severe psychological distress. Conclusion Approximately two-thirds of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experienced significant psychological distress.
Nervousness, fears, and financial burden were significant factors influencing this distress. Therefore, management of psychological distress should be implemented for patients experiencing financial burdens or emotional problems, such as nervousness and fear, from the time of diagnosis.
Purpose After Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), patients may experience Post-Embolization Syndrome (PES), which is characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and nausea/vomiting. Various risk factors, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data, have been reported. This study aimed to identify sex-specific risk predictors of PES following TACE. Methods This retrospective study included 1,495 patients who underwent TACE and were discharged from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the patients undergoing TACE were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, the χ2 test, the independent t-test (or Mann-Whitney U test), Spearman correlation analysis, and logistic regression were used. Results The incidence of PES was higher in female (43.9%) than in male (37.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels as the only independent predictor of PES in female patients (Exp [B]=1.01, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.00~1.01). The risk factors of PES in male patients were a tumor >5 cm in diameter (Exp [B]=2.51, 95% CI=1.46~4.32), the amount of lipiodol (Exp [B]=1.27, 95% CI=1.01~1.60), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (Exp [B]=1.11, 95% CI=1.02~1.21), ALT level (Exp [B]=1.00, 95% CI=1.00-1.01), lymphocyte levels (Exp [B]=0.98, 95% CI=0.96~0.99), and right posterior section (S6-S7) (Exp [B]=0.71, 95% CI=0.55-0.92). Conclusion Oncology nurses should be aware of sex-specific differences in PES risk and monitor clinical, laboratory, and radiological data to evaluate PES in female and male after TACE. The results of this study will serve as basic data for establishing a clinical decision-supporting system.
Purpose This descriptive study aimed to present the incidence of delirium and identify risk factors for delirium in Trauma Intensive Care Unit (TICU) patients.
Methods: The participants were 184 patients who were hospitalized in the TICU at a Regional Trauma Center in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected between April and November 2019. For delirium measurement, the author used the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Diverse dependent variables were collected through electronic medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, x2 -test, and binomial logistic regression.
Results: Incidence of delirium in TICU patients was 34.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for delirium in TICU patients were hemoglobin (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.62, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=0.43~0.88), injury severity score (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01~1.20), length of TICU stay (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.03~1.29), administered sedatives (OR=6.04, 95% CI=2.47~14.76), and use of restraints (OR=5.75, 95% CI=2.29~14.42).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, healthcare providers, especially TICU nurses, should try to detect the signs and symptoms of delirium as early as possible, taking into account the specified risk factors of the patient. Preventive and practical intervention programs considering the risk factors must also be developed to prevent and alleviate delirium in TICU patients in the future.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Comparison of the Validity of the PRE-DELIRIC model and the E-PRE-DELIRIC model for Predicting Delirium in patients after Cardiac Surgery Eun Ju Cho, Myoung Soo Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(3): 275. CrossRef
Investigation of Delirium Occurrence and Intervention Status in Intensive Care Unit at a Hospital and Perception of Delirium by Medical Staff Yi-Seul Kang, Soon-Hee Kim, Min-Jeoung Lee, Hyo-Jin Lee, Oak-Bun Lim, Sang-Bum Hong, Hye-Ran Choi Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(1): 71. CrossRef
Intensive Care Experience of Critical Care Patients and Its Related Factors : A Secondary Analysis Study Jiyeon Kang, Hyojeong Woo Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 11. CrossRef
Characteristics and Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers in Severe Trauma Patients Admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit Seung-yeon Lim, Young-min Jeong, So-young Jeong Journal of Acute Care Surgery.2023; 13(2): 47. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Delirium in ICU Patients I Seul Jeong, Mi-Kyoung Cho International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(10): 5889. CrossRef
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with colorectal cancer Hyunhwa Kim, Heeok Park, Eun Kyung Kim Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(1-2): 174. CrossRef
Differences in Associated Factors according to the Time of Occurrence of Pressure Ulcers in Intensive Care Unit Patients Mijung Lee, Eunjeoung Seo, Miok Kim, Jeongok Park, Seonmi Lee, Hyunkyung Shin, Ilsim Yun, Mina Cho, Youngcha Cho, Bomi Kang, Hyunmi Seo, Misoon Lee, Sira Lee, Hyejoo Jang, Hyunsuk Jung, Jeong-Ah Ahn Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(3): 26. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify cardiovascular risk factor cluster types in early middle-aged male workers in their 30s and 40s, and to identify differences in awareness of mobile health and preventive health behaviors by cluster type. METHODS This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. Male workers aged 30~49 years with cardiovascular risk factors (n=166) at three medical device manufacturers in June, 2019 were recruited. Self-reported questionnaires were administered. K-means cluster analysis was performed using four measurement tools: e-health literacy, behavior of seeking health information on the internet, intent to use mobile health, and preventive health behavior. RESULTS Three cluster groups were identified based on 7 risk factors: "unhealthy behavior (51.8%)", "chronic disease (28.9%)", and "dyslipid · family history (19.3%)". In the "unhealthy behavior" group where more than 70% of the participants were smoking and drinking heavily, the awareness of mobile health utilization such as behavior of seeking information on the internet and intent to use mobile health, especially usefulness, was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. The preventive health behavior was also the lowest among the three groups. CONCLUSION We suggest that when planning for mobile-use cardiovascular prevention education for early middle-aged male workers, it is necessary to consider a cluster of risk factors. Strategies for raising positive awareness of the use of mobile health should be included prior to cardiovascular health education for workers with unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and excessive drinking alcohol.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The Moderating Effect of Mental Health on the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Awareness and Health Behaviors of Middle-Aged Korean Chinese Workers With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korea Yu Zhu Zhang, Seon Young Hwang Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2023; 34(2): 131. CrossRef
Comparison of Factors Related to Health Behavior for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Prevention in Middle-Aged Women with and without Depression Eun Ko, Hyukjoon Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(4): 543. CrossRef
Comparison of Stroke Knowledge, Health Beliefs, and Stroke Prevention Behavior between Early and Middle-Aged Adults Eun Ko STRESS.2022; 30(2): 98. CrossRef
The Impact of Cluster-Type Risk Factors on Adverse Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Data Analysis In Ae Uhm, Seon Young Hwang Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 156. CrossRef
PURPOSE Delirium is a common symptom among heart surgery patients, and its prevalence is reported to range from 16.0~73.0%. As patients with delirium exhibit multiple negative prognoses, it is important to identify and prevent the risk factors for delirium. However, little research has been conducted to identify the prevalence of delirium and its risk factors among patients who have undergone heart surgery in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of delirium and its risk factors in heart surgery patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive correlational study. From 623 patients who entered the ICU after heart surgery in a tertiary referral hospital from September 2016 to August 2017, 421 were selected for this study. Data were collected using electronic medical record. Delirium was evaluated using the Korean Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). RESULTS A total of 63 participants (15.0%) were diagnosed with delirium. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the variables identified that complex surgery (Odds Ratio [OR]=7.24, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 2.80~18.74, p<.001), aortic aneurysm surgery (OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.40~7.77, p=.006), creatinine (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.17~4.60, p=.016), and ICU length of stay (OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.48~1.99, p<.001) were associated with delirium after heart surgery. CONCLUSION The prevalence of delirium after heart surgery in Korean ICU patients is similar to that reported by the American Heart Association study. Type of surgery, lab data, ICU length of stay should be considered in the prevention and management of delirium in heart surgery patients in Korea.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Prevalence and risk factors of delirium of older adults after cardiac surgery at the intensive care unit: A retrospective study Jeong-Ok Ryu, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 113. CrossRef
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with cardiac surgery Min-Song Kim, Sang-Hee Kim Science Progress.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigation of Delirium Occurrence and Intervention Status in Intensive Care Unit at a Hospital and Perception of Delirium by Medical Staff Yi-Seul Kang, Soon-Hee Kim, Min-Jeoung Lee, Hyo-Jin Lee, Oak-Bun Lim, Sang-Bum Hong, Hye-Ran Choi Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(1): 71. CrossRef
Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Recovery Room Delirium in Elderly Patients after Surgery under General Anesthesia Eunjung Choi, Ye-Eun Seo, Hyun-Sook Yoo, Dong Yeon Kim Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(2): 215. CrossRef
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effect of Delirium Prevention Intervention in Korean Intensive Care Units Jiyeon Kang, Min Jeong Choi Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(3): 141. CrossRef
Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, a Tool for Early Detection of Delirium: Integrative Review Angela María Henao-Castaño, Laura Elizabeth Pachón Cetina, Juan David Monroy Rodríguez Aquichan.2020; 20(4): 1. CrossRef
PURPOSE Although there is a high incidence of delirium with increased age, the risk factors have been too various. We investigated the incidence and risk factors in the older inpatient with neurological disorders. METHODS We reviewed the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of older patients admitted to a neurology unit from August 2016 to January 2017. We analyzed the incidence and risk factors of delirium in 382 patients in a tertiary hospital. Delirium was determined daily using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). Demographic, disease, and environmental characteristics were obtained by using structured EMR data. RESULTS The incidence rate of delirium was 6.0% (n=23). Delirium was prevalent in patients who were older, had a lower serum hemoglobin, had hypertension or had diabetes mellitus. Delirium was also observed in patients on antibiotics, having a higher number of drugs or catheters, or receiving mechanical monitoring. A longer hospital stay, being admitted to a sub-intensive care unit, and sleep deprivation were significantly associated with delirium. Multiple logistic regression analysis found older age, having sleep deprivation, a higher number of catheters placed, and having diabetes mellitus to be significant predictors of delirium. CONCLUSION This study shows that age, sleep deprivation, number of catheters, and comorbidity of diabetes mellitus were identified as a risk factor for delirium. And it will guide the development of algorithms through its possible applications for the future in hospitalized older adults.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Relationship between Barriers and Performance for Delirium Care among Hospital Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Self-confidence Hee Yeon Kim, Hye-Ja Park Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(1): 81. CrossRef
The evaluation of frequency and predictors of delirium and its short-term and long-term outcomes in hospitalized older adults’ Yamini Ajmera, Karandeep Paul, Maroof Ahmad Khan, Bharti Kumari, Nand Kumar, Prasun Chatterjee, Aparajit Ballav Dey, Avinash Chakrawarty Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2024; 94: 103990. CrossRef
Patterns of Symptoms and Symptom-related Factors of Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Secondary Data Analysis of Electronic Medical Records Moonjung Kwak, Yeon-Hwan Park Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(2): 146. CrossRef
Leptin as a Predictor of Delirium in Geriatric Inpatients Yamini Ajmera, Avinash Chakrawarty, Masroor Anwar, Maroof Ahmad Khan, Prasun Chatterjee, Sharmistha Dey Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics.2022; 18(4): 157. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Delirium Education Programs for Nurses in Acute Hospitals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jungyeon Roh, Sujin Shin, Eunmin Hong Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(5): 435. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was to develop the patient-tailored education and counseling program (PTECP) for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to identify the effects of PTECP on awareness of risk factors, knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care behavior, and blood cholesterol profile (BCP). METHODS A non-equivalent control group pre-post design was used. Sixty patients who were newly diagnosed with CAD and treated PCI were recruited and participated either in an intervention group or a control group, thirty each. The PTECP focused on managing their own risk factors consisted of two individual educations, two individual counselings, three telephone counselings, and two short message services for eight weeks. Data were collected two times at baseline and 8 weeks after beginning of the program. RESULTS After eight weeks, the patients' awareness of risk factor (p < .001), knowledge (p=.015), self-efficacy (p < .001), and self-care behavior (p < .001) in the intervention group were significantly different from those of the control group. However, no difference in BCP was found between the groups. CONCLUSION The PTECP was effective in improving the patients' awareness of CAD risk factors, knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care behavior. Successful PTECP might lead to better health outcome in patients with CAD through effective self-management.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Effects of a spousal participation health promotion program for middle-aged and old men who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention based on Cox’s Interaction Model: A quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test Kyung Shim Lee, Kyung Mi Sung Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(2): 119. CrossRef
Influence of Illness Uncertainty on Health Behavior in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease: A Path Analysis Hyesun Jeong, Yesul Lee, Jin Sup Park, Yoonju Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 162. CrossRef
An Integrated Literature Review on Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Hong-A Lim, Yeoungsuk Song Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(3): 205. CrossRef
An Education-Counseling Program for Young Prehypertensive Adults Eunhee Jo, Soon-jung Hwang, Eun- jin Jeong, Minsun Kim Clinical Nursing Research.2023; 32(2): 349. CrossRef
Prognostic implications for patients after myocardial infarction: an integrative literature review and in-depth interviews with patients and experts Seon Young Hwang, Sun Hwa Kim, In Ae Uhm, Jeong-Hun Shin, Young-Hyo Lim BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Influence of Knowledge of Coronary Artery Disease and Self-Efficacy on Health Behavior Compliance among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease A Ram Kil, Yong Soon Shin Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(1): 57. CrossRef
Development and evaluation of the Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES) in Korea Jiyoung Kim, Nayeon Shin, Kyungmi Lee Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(8): 1241. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study examined the influence of occupational type and lifestyle habits on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Korean male workers. METHODS Through secondary analysis of their four-year health examination data, 3,892 subjects were divided into four subgroups according to the presence of MetS now and four years ago. RESULTS Nineteen percent (n=739) suffered from MetS and these 739 subjects were classified into following occupations: 7.1% were office workers, 17.6% were non-office workers, and 42.2% were drivers. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that when the data adjusted for age, the predicting factors on the prevalence of MetS were heavy drinking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09~1.64) and the occupation of non-office workers (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.13~4.18) and drivers (OR 7.97, 95% CI 4.89~10.83) among workers without MetS four years ago. Among workers already with a history of MetS, the predicting factors were less exercise (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02~2.35) and drivers (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.03~2.94). CONCLUSION Heavy drinking and less exercise and drivers were reported as influencing factors on the prevalence of MetS by this sample. The findings suggest that employers need to provide their employees with screening and management program for those at risk of MetS.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Improvement Program on Male Office Workers with Metabolic Syndrome in Their 30s and 40s with Sedentary Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 81. CrossRef
Effects of a Health Partnership Program Using Mobile Health Application for Male Workers with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Randomized Controlled Trial Eun Jin Kim, Seon Young Hwang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(1): 44. CrossRef
Occupational Assessments of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Labors: An Application of Metabolic Syndrome Scoring Index Ching-Yuan Lin, Chih-Ming Lin International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7539. CrossRef
The Impact of Cluster-Type Risk Factors on Adverse Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Data Analysis In Ae Uhm, Seon Young Hwang Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 156. CrossRef
Metabolic Syndrome Status of Chinese Workers and Their Physical Profiles, Lifestyle Scores, and Nutrient Intakes Chao Wang, Hokyung Ryu Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(1): 63. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was conducted to assess the prevalence rate of, and the risk factors for pressure ulcers in critical patients at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS We reviewed the electronic medical records of 2,107 patients who were admitted to the intensive care units in D university hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2012. The collected date were analyzed by chi2-test, t-test, and multi-variate logistic regression with forward stepwise selection using the SPSS program version 21. RESULTS The prevalence rate of pressure ulcers at the ICU admission was 23.7%. Risk factors significantly affecting pressure ulcers carrying were the age of 80 years or older (OR=3.70, 95% CI: 1.80~7.60), body weight less than 50 kg (OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.74~4.56), sedated consciousness (OR=6.10, 95% CI: 3.57~10.40), use of ventilator (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.02~2.49), use of vasopressors (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.09~2.14), ICU admission via operation room (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.29~0.85), and hospital admission from nursing homes (OR=13.65, 95% CI: 3.02~61.72). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that the prevention efforts for pressure ulcers should be given in prior to ICU admission. Further research is necessary for developing nursing interventions for preventing pressure ulcers in the pre-ICU stage.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Factors aggravating the stage of pressure injury in dyspneic patients Jung Eun Hong, Mi-Ock Shim, Heejung Choi, Yeongju Been, Seungmi Park Journal of Tissue Viability.2025; 34(3): 100898. CrossRef
Aetiology, risk factors and treatment of typical and atypical pressure ulcers in patients with traumatic brain injury: A narrative review Mohammadreza Dehghani, Hossein Pourmontaseri International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of support surface on the prevention of pressure injury in acute care settings: A multi-center prospective observational study Mi-Ock Shim, Chul-Gyu Kim, Ja Kyung Min, So Yeon Kwak, Hyunhee Ghil, Seungmi Park Journal of Tissue Viability.2024; 33(4): 652. CrossRef
Development of a Pressure Injury Machine Learning Prediction Model and Integration into Clinical Practice: A Prediction Model Development and Validation Study Ju Hee Lee, Jae Yong Yu, So Yun Shim, Kyung Mi Yeom, Hyun A Ha, Se Yong Jekal, Ki Tae Moon, Joo Hee Park, Sook Hyun Park, Jeong Hee Hong, Mi Ra Song, Won Chul Cha Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 191. CrossRef
Evaluating the Knowledge Levels and Attitudes Regarding Pressure Injuries among Nurses in Turkey Seda Şahan, Sevil Güler Advances in Skin & Wound Care.2024; 37(9): 1. CrossRef
Characteristics and Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers in Severe Trauma Patients Admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit Seung-yeon Lim, Young-min Jeong, So-young Jeong Journal of Acute Care Surgery.2023; 13(2): 47. CrossRef
Risk Factors Associated With Pressure Ulcers in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Jeong Eun Yoon, Ok-Hee Cho Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(4): 648. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Pressure Injury Among Critically Ill Patients in a Coronary Care Unit Eunji Ko, Seunghye Choi Advances in Skin & Wound Care.2022; 35(10): 1. CrossRef
Differences in Associated Factors according to the Time of Occurrence of Pressure Ulcers in Intensive Care Unit Patients Mijung Lee, Eunjeoung Seo, Miok Kim, Jeongok Park, Seonmi Lee, Hyunkyung Shin, Ilsim Yun, Mina Cho, Youngcha Cho, Bomi Kang, Hyunmi Seo, Misoon Lee, Sira Lee, Hyejoo Jang, Hyunsuk Jung, Jeong-Ah Ahn Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(3): 26. CrossRef
The effect of uncoated paper application on skin moisture, risk of pressure injury and incidence of pressure injury in neurologic intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial Yoo‐Hyung Choi, Sung Reul Kim International Journal of Nursing Practice.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors of Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcer in Intensive Care Units MiJee Koo, YoungA Sim, InSoon Kang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(1): 36. CrossRef
Use of prophylactic silicone adhesive dressings for maintaining skin integrity in intensive care unit patients: A randomised controlled trial Yun J. Lee, Jung Y. Kim, Woo Y. Shin International Wound Journal.2019; 16(S1): 36. CrossRef
Medical device‐related pressure ulcer (MDRPU) in acute care hospitals and its perceived importance and prevention performance by clinical nurses Jung Yoon Kim, Yun Jin Lee International Wound Journal.2019; 16(S1): 51. CrossRef
Factors Predicting the Interface Pressure Related to Pressure Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients Ji Seon Shine, Soo Jin Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Mi Yu Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(6): 794. CrossRef
PURPOSE The study aims to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi applied cardiac rehabilitation program(TCCRP) on cardiovascular risks, recurrence risk in ten years, and cardiac specific quality of life in individuals with coronary artery disease. METHODS The sample was comprised of individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease within six months of the study who were referred by their primary physicians to participate in the TCCRP. The design was a pretest/posttest with non-equivalent groups with 30 in TCCRP program and 33 wait-listed comparison group. RESULTS The average age of all participants was sixty seven years. At the completion of the TCCRP, the Tai Chi group showed significant reduction in their ten year recurrent risk for coronary artery disease measured by Framingham's algorithm. The quality of life for the experimental group was reported as significantly higher than the comparison group, especially the area of general symptom. CONCLUSION The outpatient cardiac rehabilitation with Tai Chi was applied effectively and safely without any complication to individuals with coronary artery disease. Tai Chi can be useful as an alternative exercise for cardiac rehabilitation program which may provide more access to individuals for cardiovascular risk management in the community settings.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Effects of a spousal participation health promotion program for middle-aged and old men who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention based on Cox’s Interaction Model: A quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test Kyung Shim Lee, Kyung Mi Sung Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(2): 119. CrossRef
Validation of the cardiac health behavior scale for Korean adults with cardiovascular risks or diseases Rhayun Song, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sukhee Ahn, Sue Moorhead Applied Nursing Research.2018; 39: 252. CrossRef
The Effects of Smart Program for Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (SP-PCI) on Disease-Related Knowledge, Health Behavior, and Quality of Life: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Jueun Lee, Haejung Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(6): 756. CrossRef
Effects of Self-care Health Behaviors on Quality of Life Mediated by Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Sukhee Ahn, Rhayun Song, Si Wan Choi Asian Nursing Research.2016; 10(2): 158. CrossRef
The Relationships among Health Locus of Control and Resilience, Social Support and Health Promoting Behavior in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Coronary Artery Diseases Nayeon Shin, Younhee Kang Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(3): 294. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbance among community dwelling adults in Korea. METHODS Data were collected from nine hundred fifty nine adults dwelling in a metropolitan city in Korea. Subjects were older than 45 years, did not take medication for sleep problems on a regular basis, and did not work at night. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to collect data about sleep disturbance. Sociodemographic, life style, and health related factors were included as risk factors. Chi square test and logistic stepwise regression were used to identify the risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 13.1%. The significant risk factors were being female, age, number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain. Risk factors were somewhat different by gender. Emotional and job status were the risk factors only for men and menopausal status were for women. CONCLUSION Prevalence of sleep disturbance in community dwelling adults in Korea was not greater than those dwelling in other countries. Females, older adults, the number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain were the most important risk factors for sleep disturbances. Gender was a factor in reported sleep disturbances. It might be useful to investigate the factors that contribute to the number of toilet use at night as this might have some underlying factors that could be corrected.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the fall risk factors and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Morse Fall Scale(MFS) as an assessment tool among hospitalized inpatients. METHODS The medical records of a total of 294 patients who admitted to hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2010 were reviewed. One hundred forth seven patients who had experienced fall were matched with 147 patients who have never experienced fall. The fall information was obtained from electronic medical records and fall reports. RESULTS There were significant differences in visual disturbances, pain, emotional disturbances, sleep disorder, urination problems and elimination disorder at admission between fallers and non-fallers. Patients who had higher MFS scores at admission were more likely to fall as compared to the patients with lower MFS scores. When falls did occur, these occurred within five days following admission, in the patient room, among patients with alert mental status, and among patients who were ambulant with some assistance. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the need of using risk assessment tool for predicting risk for falls. This finding can be used as a useful resource to develop nursing intervention strategies for fall prevention at the hospital.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Fall Incidence Based on Statistical Analysis Da Hye Moon, Tae-Hoon Kim, Myoung-Nam Lim, Seon-Sook Han International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(5): 748. CrossRef
Nurses’ perspectives on the adoption of new smart technologies for patient care: focus group interviews Hyein Choi, Sunghee H. Tak, Young Ae Song, Jiyeon Park BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Possible Sarcopenia and Obesity on the Risk of Falls in Hospitalized Older Patients Kahyun Kim, Dukyoo Jung The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 26(1): 18. CrossRef
Predication of Falls in Hospitalized Cancer Patients Jun-Nyun Kim, Sun-Hwa Beak, Bo-Seop Lee, Mi-Ra Han Asian Oncology Nursing.2023; 23(2): 56. CrossRef
A Clinical Data Warehouse Analysis of Risk Factors for Inpatient Falls in a Tertiary Hospital: A Case-Control Study Eunok Kwon, Sun Ju Chang, Mikyung Kwon Journal of Patient Safety.2023; 19(8): 501. CrossRef
Comparative Study of the Accuracy of At-Point Clinical Frailty Scale and Morse Fall Scale in Identifying High-Risk Fall Patients among Hospitalized Adults Sunghwan Ji, Hee-Won Jung, Jeounghee Kim, Younghye Kwon, Yeonmi Seo, Semin Choi, Hyoun Jin Oh, Ji Yeon Baek, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2023; 27(2): 99. CrossRef
Falls in Patients of Medical Institutions in South Korea: A Literature Review Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi Physical Therapy Korea.2023; 30(1): 1. CrossRef
Validity of the Morse Fall Scale and the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool for fall risk assessment in an acute care setting Young Ju Kim, Kyoung‐Ok Choi, Suk Hyun Cho, Seok Jung Kim Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(23-24): 3584. CrossRef
The risk of falls among the aging population: A systematic review and meta-analysis Qingmei Xu, Xuemei Ou, Jinfeng Li Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association between Comorbidities and Comorbid Injuries on Treatment Outcome in Pediatric and Elderly Patients with Injuries in Korea: An Observational Study Kyunghee Lee, Jieun Hwang International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 6277. CrossRef
Risk Factors according to Fall Risk Level in General Hospital Inpatients Yeon Hwa Lee, Myo Sung Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(1): 35. CrossRef
Development of a senior-specific, citizen-oriented healthcare service system in South Korea based on the Canadian 48/6 model of care Yoon-Sook Kim, Jongmin Lee, Yeonsil Moon, Hee Joung Kim, Jinyoung Shin, Jae-Min Park, Kyeong Eun Uhm, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung A. Yoo, Yun Kyoung Oh, Pilsuk Byeon, Kunsei Lee, Seol-Heui Han, Jaekyung Choi BMC Geriatrics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving Prediction of Fall Risk Using Electronic Health Record Data With Various Types and Sources at Multiple Times Hyesil Jung, Hyeoun-Ae Park, Hee Hwang CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2020; 38(3): 157. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Falls in High- and Low-Risk Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Korea Young-Shin Lee, Eun-Ju Choi, Yeon-Hee Kim, Hyeoun-Ae Park Journal of Patient Safety.2020; 16(4): e376. CrossRef
Comparison of the predictive validity of three fall risk assessment tools and analysis of fall‐risk factors at a tertiary teaching hospital Eun Hee Cho, Yun Jung Woo, Arum Han, Yoon Chung Chung, Yeon Hee Kim, Hyeoun‐Ae Park Journal of Clinical Nursing.2020; 29(17-18): 3482. CrossRef
Use of the Nursing Outcomes Classification for Falls and Fall Prevention by Nurses in South Korea Eunjoo Lee International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 28. CrossRef
Tool for Categorizing Remaining Functional Ability of Nursing Home Residents Hyun Ju Kim, Sung Ok Chang Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(1): 1. CrossRef
Triggers and Outcomes of Falls in Hematology Patients: Analysis of Electronic Health Records Min Kyung Jung, Sun-Mi Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2019; 26(1): 1. CrossRef
Incidence of Falls and Risk Factors of Falls in Inpatients Soo-Jin Yoon, Chun-Kyon Lee, In-Sun Jin, Jung-Gu Kang Quality Improvement in Health Care.2018; 24(2): 2. CrossRef
Effects of Fall Prevention Education Program on Attitudes, Prevention Behaviors, and Satisfaction among Elderly Inpatients Young Ok Kang, Rhayun Song Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(1): 49. CrossRef
A risk-factor analysis of medical litigation judgments related to fall injuries in Korea Insook Kim, Seonae Won, Mijin Lee, Won Lee Medicine, Science and the Law.2018; 58(1): 16. CrossRef
Structural Analysis of Variables related to Fall Prevention Behavior of Registered Nurses in Small-to-Medium Sized Hospitals Ji Hyun Park, Jung Tae Son Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2018; 25(4): 269. CrossRef
Influencing Factors on Hospital Fall Prevention Activities of Tertiary Hospital Nurses and General Hospital Nurses Misook Jin, Yeongmi Ha Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(4): 361. CrossRef
Characteristics and Risk Factors for Falls in Tertiary Hospital Inpatients Eun-Ju Choi, Young-Shin Lee, Eun-Jung Yang, Ji-Hui Kim, Yeon-Hee Kim, Hyeoun-Ae Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(3): 420. CrossRef
Factors influencing fall prevention nursing performance of hospital nurses Keong-Sook Jang, Hae-Sook Kim The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services.2016; 20(3): 69. CrossRef
Validation of Fall Risk Assessment Scales among Hospitalized Patients in South Korea using Retrospective Data Analysis Young Ok Kang, Rhayun Song Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(1): 29. CrossRef
Identifying Characteristics of Fall Episodes and Fall-related Risks of Hospitalized Patients Young Ok Kang, Rhayun Song Journal of muscle and joint health.2015; 22(3): 149. CrossRef
Effects of Nursing Interventions for Fall Prevention in Hospitalized Patients: A Meta-analysis Yoon Lee Kim, Seok Hee Jeong Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 469. CrossRef
Fall Risk Factors and Characteristics of an Acute Hospital Setting across Clinical Departments In-Sil Jang, Sun-Gyo Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2014; 21(3): 264. CrossRef
PURPOSE Cardiovascular risk factor modification is important for patients with coronary artery disease to prevent poor progression of the disease. Without an understanding and an awareness of risk factors, patients with coronary artery disease are not able to reduce their risk by the lifestyle modification. The aims of this study were to assess patient's awareness of risk factors and to identify predictors of awareness of risk factors. METHODS A descriptive correlational study using a cross-sectional survey method was performed. The sites of the study were three hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The sample consisted of 214 subjects. The awareness of risk factors and other subjects' characteristics were measured by a questionnaire developed for this study. RESULTS A range of subjects (gender: 72.0%; hyperlipidemia: 51.9%; hypertension: 40.7%; obese: 37.4%; age: 35.5%; smoking: 22.4%; diabetes: 19.2%; family history: 18.2%) were not able to accurately identify the risk factors. Among predictors, gender (beta=-.17) and diabetics (beta=-.25) had statistically significant influences on awareness of risk factors. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the lack of awareness of risk factors for coronary artery disease. The findings have important implications for nursing practice in terms of guiding educational strategies for the modification of risk factors for coronary heart disease.
PURPOSE This descriptive study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors among older adults. METHODS A total of 200 older adults over 65 years of age were conveniently recruited from out patient departments of two hospitals and a health care center from October to November 2008. The level of knowledge was assessed using both open-ended questions and a structured questionnaire based on semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by t-tests and ANOVA using the SPSS program. RESULTS 52.5% of the sample had hypertension and 30% had diabetes. The mean knowledge scores for symptoms and risk factors were 8.4 +/- 3.1(out of 15) and 9.5 +/- 3.9 (out of 16), respectively. The older adults who had lower education, lower family income, and who lived in rural areas were more likely to have less knowledge of stroke symptom and risk factors(p < .05). There was no significant knowledge difference between the older adults who had at least one risk factor and those who had no risk factor for stroke. CONCLUSIONS Educational intervention should be focused on informing older adults who are at risk for stroke about the early symptoms and management of risk factors, especially those who have low education and low social status.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate foot ulcer risk factors, foot care knowledge, and foot care practice in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHOD One hundred fifty type 2 diabetic patients were in and out-patients in a large urban hospital. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire, chart review and foot examination. The questionnaires were developed by the researchers through the experts consultation and literature review. High risk for foot ulcer was evaluated by peripheral neuropathy(PN), peripheral vascular disease(PVD), and prior foot ulcer. Foot risk scores(FRS) means numbers of present risk factors. RESULTS 31.3% of subjects show 1 FRS, and 13.3% showed 2 FRS. Mean foot care frequency was 3.5 times per week. There were significant differences in foot care knowledge according to DM education (t=2.96, p=.004) and foot care education (t=3.65, p=.001). There were significant differences in the foot care practice activities according to duration of DM (t=3.48, p=.010) and educational levels. CONCLUSION There were high proportion of foot ulcer risk among the patients. It is necessary to screen high risk foot ulcer patients and provide practical education for foot care practice of diabetic patients.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the difference between prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome(MS) by gender in type2 diabetic patients. METHOD 108 participants(males 69, females 39) were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. MS was defined by a third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(Adult Treatment Panel lll)(ATP lll), and abdominal obesity was determined by Asia-Pacific criteria in waist circumference. RESULTS The prevalence of MS by definition of NCEP-ATPlll and the Asia-Pacific criteria in waist circumference was 39.3% in males and 66.7% in females type2 diabetic patients. The abdominal obesity prevalence was seen in 44.9% of males and in 79.5% of females patients. The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterolemia in serum was 26.2% in male, 52.8% in female type2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSION These results show that nurses should focus on female diabetic patients for preventing MS.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data of a comprehensive counter-plan to promote health for people by comparing various factors related to cancer outbreak factors including general characteristics, health-related lifestyles, health promoting behaviors, perceived healthy status, life event stress and health care seeking behaviors with cancer patients and health people. METHOD: The study was designed to be a retrospective- comparison-survey-study and its data was collected through 5 types of questionnaires from September 2003 to December 2003. RESULTS: Cancer patients had lower education and household income, and many of them had no occupation. Cancer patients had a higher rate of smoking and drinking periods. Exercise level was higher in healthy people. However, Cancer patients were better in sleep and rest. In comparison with health promoting behaviors, it was higher in healthy people than in cancer patients but the two groups had no significant differences statistically. The perceived health status was higher in healthy people than in cancer patients. The health care seeking behaviors were higher in healthy people than in cancer patients. Cancer patients and healthy people's life event stress had no significant differences statistically. CONCLUSION: As a result of comparative analysis of cancer patients and healthy people's health risk factors, smoking, drinking period, regular exercise and health care seeking behaviors were suggested as direct or indirect risk factors for cancer patients. These finding can be applied to health promoting behavior programs to keep and promote optimal health status as well as to prevent cancer disease.
PURPOSE This study is aimed at testing the effect of health promotion program on health promoting behavior and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged women. METHOD The research design was the nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Twelve middle-aged women were the experimental group and ten were the control group. The 8-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. There were health promotion theories, flexibility and muscle strength exercise, cardiopulmonary endurance exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, management of menopause and wrap-up in health promotion program for middle-aged women. The measurement tool was Health Promoting Behavior developed by researcher using serum cholesterol, obesity rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure as cardiovascular risk factors. RESULT The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cardiovascular risk factors(cholesterol, obesity rate, diastolic blood pressure) between the experimental and control groups except systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Conclusively, this health promotion program for middle-aged women was effective in increasing health promotion behaviors, but wasn't effective in decreasing cardiovascular risk factors except the systolic blood pressure. It seems it's necessary to re-study this using more samples and a longer duration of the program, and smaller mortality rate.
PURPOSE This study purposed to examine the disease-related knowledge level and compliance with good health behavior in patients with myocardial infarction according to the atherosclerotic risk factors. METHOD The subjects consisted of 72 patients with myocardial infarction and the data were collected by interviewing the subjects with questionnaires and reviewing their medical records from September, 15, 1999 to July 31, 2000. Data were analyzed using the SAS program. RESULTS 1) With regard to atherosclerotic risk factors: of the subjects, 91.7% lacked regular exercise, followed by smoking (61.1%). 2) The average knowledge score of the patients was 19.7 and the average compliance score was 53.9. 3) There were no significant differences in the total knowledge scores according to the patients' atherosclerotic risk factors. 4) Non-diabetics were significantly higher in knowledge scores on domain of risk factors than the diabetics. 5) The overweight patients were significantly higher in knowledge score on domain of nature of disease than the normal-weight patients. 6) The total compliance scores of the non-smokers were significantly higher than those of the smokers. 7) The total compliance scores of the patients who do regular exercise were significantly higher than those of the patients who forgo regular exercise. 8) The non-smokers were significantly higher in compliance scores on domain of diet than the smokers. 9) The diabetic patients were significantly higher in compliance scores on domain of smoking cessation than the non-diabetics. 10) Patients who do regular exercise were significantly higher in compliance scores on other domains than the patients who forgo regular exercise. CONCLUSION According to the above findings, it can be concluded that intensive nursing care and education should be provided to patients who have atherosclerotic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, over weight, or hypercholesterolemia to increase disease related knowledge level and to improve compliance with good health behavior.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between hypertension and risk factors. A positive association between obesity, age, serum lipid and such life style factors as smoking, exercise, alcoholic beverage use with blood pressure problems and the prevalence of hypertension has been described in many studies. Therefore to identify and evaluate the effects of variables, which were known to be related to hypertension, multiple regression analysis was performed. We studied 110 subjects. The participants were 45 men and 65 women who visited one university hospital located in Seoul from January to December 1998. All 110 persons were identified as having primary hypertension by their physicians. The significant risk factors identified for hypertension were Obesity, BMI, length of time with hypertension. The results were as follows; 1. The systolic blood pressure average in 110 subjects was 156.65mmHg +/- 14.08mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure average was 100.73mmHg +/- 5.64mmHg. 18.2% of the subjects were smokers, 26.4% of the subjects were drinkers, and 33.6% of the subjects exercised regularly. 13.6% had a family history of hypertension. The average mean pressure was 119.37 +/- 7.40mmHg. The average history of hypertension was 28.36 +/- 34.56months. The average body weight of subjective was 65.25kg, and their average BMI was 24.54kg/m2. The average serum cholesterol of the subjects was 204.54mg/dl, HDL was 50.93mg/dl. 2. The result of this study were that variables which showed significance rationale for high systolic blood pressure in hypertension were mean arterial pressure(R2=0.808), and age(R2=0.032). And the variables which showed significance rationale for diastolic blood pressure in hypertension were mean arterial pressure(R2=0.697), age(R2=0.051), sex(R2=0.014), and somking(R2=0.010). And the best variable for prediction of mean blood pressure was the length of history of the disease. 3. According to multiple regression analysis by demographic variables, age and the length of history of hypertension were predictable variables for hypertension. And mean the blood pressure was identified best explaining variable of hypertension by biophysical variables. Therefore, life style modification for hypertension patients as a primary regimen is less important than for normal blood pressure patients. Life style modification is important intervention for normal blood pressure subjects, on the other hand drug therapy and its compliance is the most important intervention for hypertensive subjects. So to regulate blood pressure and prevent the complication of hypertension, the first regime of all should pharmacologic therapy. There is a need to develop nursing intervention to improve pharmacologic compliance for primary hypertension patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among variables which are categorized by two groups : the first group consists of obesity, serum lipids, and blood pressure which were measured by physical index or physiological index, and the second group consists of demographic variables and variables related to lifestyle that is known to influence the first group. The canonical correlation analysis was conducted with the data collected from 400 male clients who visited one university hospital located in Inchon in a period, from May 1996 to December 1996, for physical examination. According to the results, blood pressure and HDL of the first group were shown to have strong relationship with age, alcohol, smoking, exercise of the second group. And total cholesterol, triglyceride, systolic, BMI of the first group were shown to have strong relationship with income status, education, exercise of the second group. And all of the serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL), BMI, and diastolic were shown to have relationship with education, smoking, alcohol. It should be noted that fat rate, which was one of the indices for obesity, was not significant in any of the canonical variates. From the comparative study results on which combination of indices of obesity, serum lipids and blood pressure was related to either alcohol or smoking more, it can be seem that smoking was more highly related to two blood pressure indices such as systolic and diastolic, and that alcohol was highly related to serum lipid indices such as HDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride. Also investigation on what differences exist between the combination of variables showing high relationship to systolic and the combination of variables showing high relationship to diastolic was conducted. Systolic turned out to have relationship with total cholesterol, triglyceride, obesity (fat rate), income status, education, exercise. And diastolic was related to HDL-c, total cholesterol, tryglyceride, obesity (BMI), education, smoking, alcohol. From this results, it could be seen that the combination of variables which have high relationship to systolic and diastolic have different patterns. Lastly, the investigation on what relationships exist between serum lipids and demographic variables/lifestyle variables was conducted. It turned out that HDL-c had high relationship with age, education, income status, alcohol, and that all of serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL) were shown to have high relationship with income status, education, age, exercise. From these results, it could be seen that the demographic variables were more influential both on HDL and on all of serum lipids than lifestyle variables were.
E-SUBMISSION
First
Prev
