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Factors Affecting Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Who were Treated according to a Critical Pathway
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Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

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Original Article

Factors Affecting Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Who were Treated according to a Critical Pathway

Jeoung Hee Kim1, Eun Ha Lee1, Su Ran Kim1, Sung Reul Kim2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(1):43-52.
Published online: February 29, 2016

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Corresponding author: Kim, Sung Reul College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54899, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-3118, Fax: +82-63-270-3127, E-mail: srkim@jbnu.ac.kr
• Received: October 5, 2015   • Accepted: February 4, 2016

Copyright © 2016 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The aim of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, physical, and psychosocial factors affecting discharge delay in lumbar spinal surgery patients who were treated according to a critical pathway.
  • Methods
    A sample of 170 patients with lumbar spinal surgery agreed to participate in the study, between April 1, 2014 and August 30, 2015. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, x 2-test, ANCOVA, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 22.0 program.
  • Results
    Approximately fifty-nine percent of the participants was delayed discharge. On logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.40~4.94), age (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.01~1.05), spondylolisthesis (OR=4.49, 95% CI=1.90~10.61), and spinal fusion operation (OR=4.14, 95% CI=1.89~9.05) were significant factors predicting discharge delay of the participants. However, discharge delay was not related with pain, physical function, depression, or family support.
  • Conclusion
    An analysis of discharge delay may assist in evaluating and revising critical pathway for optimal care. In addition, nurses need to understand the factors affecting discharge delay of the given population who were treated according to a critical pathway.
  • Key Words: Critical pathways; Patient discharge; Lumbar vertebrae
Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Between the Planned Discharge Group and the Discharge Delay Group in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Treated According to a Critical Pathway (N=170)
Variables Categories Total (n=170) Planned discharge (n=69) Discharge delay (n=101) x2 or t p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 82 (48.2) 43 (62.3) 39 (38.6) 9.23 .003
Female 88 (51.8) 26 (37.7) 62 (61.4) 2.62 .010
  58.9±14.8 55.1±17.1 61.4±12.5    
Age (year) ≤40 24 (14.1)        
41~50 21 (12.4)        
51~60 33 (19.4)        
61~70 50 (29.4)        
≥71 42 (24.7)        
Marital status Married 144 (84.7) 58 (84.1) 86 (85.1) 0.04 .832
Not-married 26 (15.3) 11 (15.9) 15 (14.9)    
Level of education (n=169) ≤Elementary school 39 (22.9) 13 (18.8) 26 (25.7) 3.96 .265
Middle school 45 (26.5) 15 (21.7) 30 (29.7)    
High school 36 (21.2) 18 (26.2) 18 (17.9)    
≥College 49 (28.8) 23 (33.3) 26 (25.7)    
Occupation Yes 62 (36.5) 30 (43.5) 32 (31.7) 2.46 .117
No 108 (63.5) 39 (56.5) 69 (68.3)    
Religion Yes 103 (60.6) 41 (59.4) 62 (61.4) 0.07 .873
No 67 (39.4) 28 (40.6) 39 (38.6)    
Diagnosis Herniated intervertebral disc 62 (36.5) 34 (49.3) 28 (27.7) 12.49 .002
Lumbar stenosis 61 (35.9) 25 (36.2) 36 (35.6)    
Spondylolisthesis 47 (27.6) 10 (14.5) 37 (36.6)    
Operation Fusion 60 (35.3) 14 (20.3) 46 (45.5) 13.32 .001
Laminectomy 49 (28.8) 21 (30.4) 28 (27.7)    
Discectomy 61 (35.9) 34 (49.3) 27 (26.7)    
Motor dysfunction at admission Yes 20 (11.8) 9 (13.0) 11 (10.9) 0.18 .809
No 150 (88.2) 60 (87.0) 90 (89.1)    
Sensory dysfunction at admission Yes 170 (100.0)        
           
Comorbidity No 72 (42.4) 33 (47.8) 39 (38.6) 1.43 .233
Yes 98 (57.6) 36 (52.2) 62 (61.4)    
Cardiovascular disease 75 (44.1)        
Endocrinologic disease 8 (4.7)        
Neurologic disease 4 (2.4)        
Urinary disease 4 (2.4)        
Others 7 (4.1)        
Experience of admission Yes 104 (61.2) 46 (66.7) 58 (57.4) 1.47 .225
No 66 (38.8) 23 (33.3) 43 (42.6)    
Experience of operation Yes 101 (59.4) 44 (63.8) 57 (56.4) 0.91 .427
No 69 (40.6) 25 (36.2) 44 (43.6)    
Discharge delay       1.1±0.9    
Fusion     1.1±0.8    
Laminectomy     1.3±1.4    
  Discectomy     0.8±1.1  
Table 2.
Comparison of Physical and Psychosocial Characteristics Between the Planned Discharge Group and the Discharge Delay Group (N=170)
Variables Categories Total (n=170) Planned discharge (n=69) Discharge delay (n=101) z or F p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Physical characteristics Physical function 50.6±16.5 48.5±16.5 52.0±16.3 0.82 .804†
Pain
Pain score at admission 5.8±1.8 5.4±1.6 6.0±1.8 0.87 .594†
Mean pain score during 2.9±1.1 2.6±1.1 3.0±1.0 2.00 .051‡
hospitalization          
Worst pain score during 5.7±1.8 5.1±1.7 6.1±1.9 1.59 .106‡
hospitalization          
Pain score at discharge 1.4±1.0 1.2±0.9 1.5±1.0 1.51 .189‡
Psychosocial characteristics Depression 11.2±10.6 9.1±8.5 12.6±11.7 0.74 .878†
Type D personality
Type D 38 (22.4) 14 (20.3) 20 (19.8) 0.29 .708
Non-type D 132 (77.6) 55 (79.7) 68 (67.3)    
Family support 47.5±7.6 46.9±8.6 47.9±6.9 1.03 .435†

†Tested using ANCOVA (controlling gender, age, and diagnosis);

‡Tested using ANCOVA (controlling gender, age, diagnosis, and operation).

Table 3.
Logistic Analysis of Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Treated according to a Critical Pathway (N=170)
Variables Categories B OR 95% CI p
Gender Female 0.97 2.63 1.40~4.94 .003
Male (reference)        
Age   0.03 1.03 1.01~1.05 .008
Diagnosis Herniated intervertebral disc (reference)        
Spinal stenosis 0.56 1.75 0.86~3.57 .125
Spondylolisthesis 1.50 4.49 1.90~10.61 .001
Operation Spinal fusion 1.42 4.14 1.89~9.05 ＜.001
Laminectomy 0.52 1.68 0.79~3.59 .181
Discectomy (reference)        

OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.

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    Factors Affecting Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Who were Treated according to a Critical Pathway
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(1):43-52.   Published online February 29, 2016
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.43
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    Factors Affecting Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Who were Treated according to a Critical Pathway
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(1):43-52.   Published online February 29, 2016
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.43
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    Factors Affecting Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Who were Treated according to a Critical Pathway
    Factors Affecting Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Who were Treated according to a Critical Pathway

    Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Between the Planned Discharge Group and the Discharge Delay Group in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Treated According to a Critical Pathway (N=170)

    Variables Categories Total (n=170) Planned discharge (n=69) Discharge delay (n=101) x2 or t p
    n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
    Gender Male 82 (48.2) 43 (62.3) 39 (38.6) 9.23 .003
    Female 88 (51.8) 26 (37.7) 62 (61.4) 2.62 .010
      58.9±14.8 55.1±17.1 61.4±12.5    
    Age (year) ≤40 24 (14.1)        
    41~50 21 (12.4)        
    51~60 33 (19.4)        
    61~70 50 (29.4)        
    ≥71 42 (24.7)        
    Marital status Married 144 (84.7) 58 (84.1) 86 (85.1) 0.04 .832
    Not-married 26 (15.3) 11 (15.9) 15 (14.9)    
    Level of education (n=169) ≤Elementary school 39 (22.9) 13 (18.8) 26 (25.7) 3.96 .265
    Middle school 45 (26.5) 15 (21.7) 30 (29.7)    
    High school 36 (21.2) 18 (26.2) 18 (17.9)    
    ≥College 49 (28.8) 23 (33.3) 26 (25.7)    
    Occupation Yes 62 (36.5) 30 (43.5) 32 (31.7) 2.46 .117
    No 108 (63.5) 39 (56.5) 69 (68.3)    
    Religion Yes 103 (60.6) 41 (59.4) 62 (61.4) 0.07 .873
    No 67 (39.4) 28 (40.6) 39 (38.6)    
    Diagnosis Herniated intervertebral disc 62 (36.5) 34 (49.3) 28 (27.7) 12.49 .002
    Lumbar stenosis 61 (35.9) 25 (36.2) 36 (35.6)    
    Spondylolisthesis 47 (27.6) 10 (14.5) 37 (36.6)    
    Operation Fusion 60 (35.3) 14 (20.3) 46 (45.5) 13.32 .001
    Laminectomy 49 (28.8) 21 (30.4) 28 (27.7)    
    Discectomy 61 (35.9) 34 (49.3) 27 (26.7)    
    Motor dysfunction at admission Yes 20 (11.8) 9 (13.0) 11 (10.9) 0.18 .809
    No 150 (88.2) 60 (87.0) 90 (89.1)    
    Sensory dysfunction at admission Yes 170 (100.0)        
               
    Comorbidity No 72 (42.4) 33 (47.8) 39 (38.6) 1.43 .233
    Yes 98 (57.6) 36 (52.2) 62 (61.4)    
    Cardiovascular disease 75 (44.1)        
    Endocrinologic disease 8 (4.7)        
    Neurologic disease 4 (2.4)        
    Urinary disease 4 (2.4)        
    Others 7 (4.1)        
    Experience of admission Yes 104 (61.2) 46 (66.7) 58 (57.4) 1.47 .225
    No 66 (38.8) 23 (33.3) 43 (42.6)    
    Experience of operation Yes 101 (59.4) 44 (63.8) 57 (56.4) 0.91 .427
    No 69 (40.6) 25 (36.2) 44 (43.6)    
    Discharge delay       1.1±0.9    
    Fusion     1.1±0.8    
    Laminectomy     1.3±1.4    
      Discectomy     0.8±1.1  

    Comparison of Physical and Psychosocial Characteristics Between the Planned Discharge Group and the Discharge Delay Group (N=170)

    Variables Categories Total (n=170) Planned discharge (n=69) Discharge delay (n=101) z or F p
    n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
    Physical characteristics Physical function 50.6±16.5 48.5±16.5 52.0±16.3 0.82 .804†
    Pain
    Pain score at admission 5.8±1.8 5.4±1.6 6.0±1.8 0.87 .594†
    Mean pain score during 2.9±1.1 2.6±1.1 3.0±1.0 2.00 .051‡
    hospitalization          
    Worst pain score during 5.7±1.8 5.1±1.7 6.1±1.9 1.59 .106‡
    hospitalization          
    Pain score at discharge 1.4±1.0 1.2±0.9 1.5±1.0 1.51 .189‡
    Psychosocial characteristics Depression 11.2±10.6 9.1±8.5 12.6±11.7 0.74 .878†
    Type D personality
    Type D 38 (22.4) 14 (20.3) 20 (19.8) 0.29 .708
    Non-type D 132 (77.6) 55 (79.7) 68 (67.3)    
    Family support 47.5±7.6 46.9±8.6 47.9±6.9 1.03 .435†

    †Tested using ANCOVA (controlling gender, age, and diagnosis);

    ‡Tested using ANCOVA (controlling gender, age, diagnosis, and operation).

    Logistic Analysis of Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Treated according to a Critical Pathway (N=170)

    Variables Categories B OR 95% CI p
    Gender Female 0.97 2.63 1.40~4.94 .003
    Male (reference)        
    Age   0.03 1.03 1.01~1.05 .008
    Diagnosis Herniated intervertebral disc (reference)        
    Spinal stenosis 0.56 1.75 0.86~3.57 .125
    Spondylolisthesis 1.50 4.49 1.90~10.61 .001
    Operation Spinal fusion 1.42 4.14 1.89~9.05 ＜.001
    Laminectomy 0.52 1.68 0.79~3.59 .181
    Discectomy (reference)        

    OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.
    Table 1. Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Between the Planned Discharge Group and the Discharge Delay Group in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Treated According to a Critical Pathway (N=170)

    Table 2. Comparison of Physical and Psychosocial Characteristics Between the Planned Discharge Group and the Discharge Delay Group (N=170)

    Tested using ANCOVA (controlling gender, age, and diagnosis);

    Tested using ANCOVA (controlling gender, age, diagnosis, and operation).

    Table 3. Logistic Analysis of Discharge Delay in Lumbar Spinal Surgery Patients Treated according to a Critical Pathway (N=170)

    OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

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