Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Patients with Liver Transplantation

So Young Kim; Yun Mi Lee

doi:10.7469/kjan.2016.28.3.279

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Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Patients with Liver Transplantation

So Young Kim¹, Yun Mi Lee²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(3):279-287.
Published online: June 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2016.28.3.279

¹Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan

²Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Yun Mi Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Pusanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Korea. Tel: +82-51-890-6933, Fax: +82-51-896-9840, E-mail: lym312@inje.ac.kr

• Received: March 16, 2016 • Accepted: June 22, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing a family's quality of life (QoL) when one member has a liver transplantation.
Methods
A total of 98 families were asked questions about characteristics, stress, social support and QoL. The instruments used for this study were the Stress Scale for Families of Liver Transplantation Recipients, the Personal Resources Questionnaire, the Korean version of QoL Simple Type Scale. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression.
Results
The mean scores of stress was 2.58±0.75 and of social support was 4.81±0.87. The mean of the QoL was 3.39±0.60. Quality of life had significant correlations with stress and social support. Using multiple regression analysis, the QoL was significantly influenced by social support, stress and monthly average household income.
Conclusion
The results suggest that social support, stress and income should be considered in developing the nursing interventions to improve the QoL of families of patients with liver transplantation.
Key Words: Liver transplantation; Family; Stress; Social support; Quality of life

Table 1.

General Characteristics of Families of Liver Transplantation Patients (N=98)

Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD
Age (year)		49.64±11.31
	20~29	7 (7.1)
	30~39	9 (9.2)
	40~49	28 (28.6)
	50~59	35 (35.7)
	≥60	19 (19.4)
Gender	Male	29 (29.6)
Gender	Female	69 (70.4)
Relationship to the patient	Spouse	67 (68.4)
	Children	22 (22.4)
	Parents	5 (5.1)
	Brothers and sisters	4 (4.1)
Level of education	Elementary school	8 (8.2)
	Junior high school	9 (9.2)
	High school	41 (41.8)
	College	12 (12.1)
	University	28 (28.6)
Marital status	Unmarried	13 (13.3)
Marital status	Married	85 (86.7)
Religion	No	25 (25.5)
	Buddhism	55 (56.1)
	Christianity	12 (12.2)
	Catholic	6 (6.1)
Occupation	Business owners	17 (17.3)
	Employee	23 (23.5)
	Office work	4 (4.1)
	Student	4 (4.1)
	No	43 (43.9)
	Other	7 (7.1)
Monthly household income (10,000 won)	≤100	12 (12.2)
	101~200	22 (22.4)
	201~300	25 (25.5)
	301~400	22 (22.4)
	≥401	17 (17.3)
Treatment burden	Patient	32 (32.7)
	Spouse	23 (23.5)
	Children	9 (9.2)
	Joint family burdens	30 (30.6)
	None (other)	4 (4.1)
Years taken care of the patient	＜1	41 (41.8)
	1~3	41 (41.8)
	3~5	13 (13.3)
	＞5	4 (4.1)
Co-residence	Living together	84 (85.7)
Co-residence	Living separately	14 (14.3)
Type of liver transplantation surgery	Deceased donor	51 (52.0)
Type of liver transplantation surgery	Living donor	47 (48.0)
Presence of disease	Yes	25 (25.5)
Presence of disease	No	73 (74.5)

Table 2.

Scores for Stress, Social Support and Quality of Life (N=98)

Variables	M±SD	Min~Max	Range
Stress	2.58±0.75	1.11~4.34	1~5
Psychosocial stress	2.93±0.96	1.00~4.76
Family relationship	2.07±0.77	1.00~4.00
Economic burden	2.62±0.98	1.00~4.67
Social support	4.81±0.87	2.10~6.80	1~7
Worth and confidence	4.90±0.83	2.80~7.00
Intimacy and affection	4.90±1.04	1.60~7.00
Acquisition of guidance	4.69±1.02	1.00~7.00
Social integration	4.75±0.93	1.80~6.80
Quality of life	3.39±0.60	1.81~4.81	1~5
Physical health	3.52±0.62	2.29~5.00
Psychological health	3.32±0.69	1.17~5.00
Social relations	3.16±0.72	1.00~5.00
Environment	3.45±0.73	1.38~5.00
General health status	3.29±1.04	1.00~5.00
General quality of life	3.2±30.89	1.00~5.00

Table 3.

Difference in Quality of Life according to Family's Characteristics (N=98)

Characteristics	Categories	Quality of life
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p)
Age (year)	20~29	3.89±0.64	1.86
	30~39	3.54±0.50	(.122)
	40~49	3.27±0.59
	50~59	3.42±0.59
	≥60	3.28±0.60
Gender	Male	3.52±0.54	1.37
Gender	Female	3.34±0.62	(.171)
Relationship to the patient	Spouse	3.36±0.59	1.40
	Children	3.59±0.57	(.246)
	Parents	3.13±0.52
	Brothers and sisters	3.18±0.88
Level of education	Elementary school	3.50±0.54	0.96
	Junior high school	3.12±0.62	(.432)
	High school	3.39±0.66
	College	3.25±0.44
	University	3.51±0.57
Marital status	Unmarried	3.65±0.55	1.69
Marital status	Married	3.35±0.60	(.093)
Religion	No	3.40±0.59	2.01
	Buddhism	3.37±0.52	(.117)
	Christianity	3.68±0.66
	Catholic	2.96±0.98
Occupation	Yes	3.45±0.59	1.11
Occupation	No	3.32±0.61	(.269)
Years taken care of the patient	＜1	3.24±0.59	1.82
	1~3	3.48±0.61	(.148)
	3~5	3.62±0.50
	＞5	3.26±0.60
Monthly household income (10,000 won)	≤200	3.23±0.63	-3.68
Monthly household income (10,000 won)	≥201	3.64±0.46	(.001)
Treatment burden	Patient	3.50±0.50	1.04
	Spouse	3.42±0.58	(.388)
	Children	3.40±0.79
	Joint family burdens	3.22±0.67
	None (other)	3.66±0.30
Co-residence	Living together	3.41±0.60	0.69
Co-residence	Living separately	3.29±0.60	(.490)
Type of liver transplantatio n surgery	Deceased donor	3.28±0.61	-1.93
Type of liver transplantatio n surgery	Living donor	3.51±0.56	(.056)
Presence of disease	Yes	3.06±0.60	-3.31
Presence of disease	No	3.51±0.56	(.001)

Table 4.

Correlation among Stress, Social Support and Quality of Life (N=98)

Variables	Stress	Social support	Quality of life
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Stress	1
Social support	-.59 (＜.001)	1
Quality of life	-.68 (＜.001)	.80 (＜.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Liver Transplantation Patients (N=98)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
(Constant)	51.06	8.51		5.99	＜.001
Social support	0.51	0.06	.57	8.51	＜.001
Stress	-0.17	0.04	-.29	-4.37	＜.001
Average monthly household income^†	4.81	1.75	.15	2.75	.007
Presence of disease^†	2.36	2.04	.06	1.16	.249
	Adj R²=.72, F=66.25, p＜.001

^†Dummy variable; Average monthly income:≤200million won=0,≥201million won=1; Presence of disease: No=0, Yes=1 .

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16.Cohen M, Katz D, Baruch Y. Stress among the family caregivers of liver transplant recipients. Progress in Transplantation. 2007;17(1):48-53.
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The Caring Experience of Family Caregivers for Patients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation from the Family Members
Miseon Bang, Suhye Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(4): 435. CrossRef
Impact of Self-esteem and Social support on Self-care Performance in Liver Transplantation Recipients
Hyun Jung Jung, Young-Ju Kim
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2020; 23(2): 132. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Patients with Liver Transplantation

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(3):279-287. Published online June 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.3.279

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Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Patients with Liver Transplantation

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(3):279-287. Published online June 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.3.279

Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Patients with Liver Transplantation

Table 1.

General Characteristics of Families of Liver Transplantation Patients (N=98)

Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD
Age (year)		49.64±11.31
	20~29	7 (7.1)
	30~39	9 (9.2)
	40~49	28 (28.6)
	50~59	35 (35.7)
	≥60	19 (19.4)
Gender	Male	29 (29.6)
Gender	Female	69 (70.4)
Relationship to the patient	Spouse	67 (68.4)
	Children	22 (22.4)
	Parents	5 (5.1)
	Brothers and sisters	4 (4.1)
Level of education	Elementary school	8 (8.2)
	Junior high school	9 (9.2)
	High school	41 (41.8)
	College	12 (12.1)
	University	28 (28.6)
Marital status	Unmarried	13 (13.3)
Marital status	Married	85 (86.7)
Religion	No	25 (25.5)
	Buddhism	55 (56.1)
	Christianity	12 (12.2)
	Catholic	6 (6.1)
Occupation	Business owners	17 (17.3)
	Employee	23 (23.5)
	Office work	4 (4.1)
	Student	4 (4.1)
	No	43 (43.9)
	Other	7 (7.1)
Monthly household income (10,000 won)	≤100	12 (12.2)
	101~200	22 (22.4)
	201~300	25 (25.5)
	301~400	22 (22.4)
	≥401	17 (17.3)
Treatment burden	Patient	32 (32.7)
	Spouse	23 (23.5)
	Children	9 (9.2)
	Joint family burdens	30 (30.6)
	None (other)	4 (4.1)
Years taken care of the patient	＜1	41 (41.8)
	1~3	41 (41.8)
	3~5	13 (13.3)
	＞5	4 (4.1)
Co-residence	Living together	84 (85.7)
Co-residence	Living separately	14 (14.3)
Type of liver transplantation surgery	Deceased donor	51 (52.0)
Type of liver transplantation surgery	Living donor	47 (48.0)
Presence of disease	Yes	25 (25.5)
Presence of disease	No	73 (74.5)

Table 2.

Scores for Stress, Social Support and Quality of Life (N=98)

Variables	M±SD	Min~Max	Range
Stress	2.58±0.75	1.11~4.34	1~5
Psychosocial stress	2.93±0.96	1.00~4.76
Family relationship	2.07±0.77	1.00~4.00
Economic burden	2.62±0.98	1.00~4.67
Social support	4.81±0.87	2.10~6.80	1~7
Worth and confidence	4.90±0.83	2.80~7.00
Intimacy and affection	4.90±1.04	1.60~7.00
Acquisition of guidance	4.69±1.02	1.00~7.00
Social integration	4.75±0.93	1.80~6.80
Quality of life	3.39±0.60	1.81~4.81	1~5
Physical health	3.52±0.62	2.29~5.00
Psychological health	3.32±0.69	1.17~5.00
Social relations	3.16±0.72	1.00~5.00
Environment	3.45±0.73	1.38~5.00
General health status	3.29±1.04	1.00~5.00
General quality of life	3.2±30.89	1.00~5.00

Table 3.

Difference in Quality of Life according to Family's Characteristics (N=98)

Characteristics	Categories	Quality of life
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p)
Age (year)	20~29	3.89±0.64	1.86
	30~39	3.54±0.50	(.122)
	40~49	3.27±0.59
	50~59	3.42±0.59
	≥60	3.28±0.60
Gender	Male	3.52±0.54	1.37
Gender	Female	3.34±0.62	(.171)
Relationship to the patient	Spouse	3.36±0.59	1.40
	Children	3.59±0.57	(.246)
	Parents	3.13±0.52
	Brothers and sisters	3.18±0.88
Level of education	Elementary school	3.50±0.54	0.96
	Junior high school	3.12±0.62	(.432)
	High school	3.39±0.66
	College	3.25±0.44
	University	3.51±0.57
Marital status	Unmarried	3.65±0.55	1.69
Marital status	Married	3.35±0.60	(.093)
Religion	No	3.40±0.59	2.01
	Buddhism	3.37±0.52	(.117)
	Christianity	3.68±0.66
	Catholic	2.96±0.98
Occupation	Yes	3.45±0.59	1.11
Occupation	No	3.32±0.61	(.269)
Years taken care of the patient	＜1	3.24±0.59	1.82
	1~3	3.48±0.61	(.148)
	3~5	3.62±0.50
	＞5	3.26±0.60
Monthly household income (10,000 won)	≤200	3.23±0.63	-3.68
Monthly household income (10,000 won)	≥201	3.64±0.46	(.001)
Treatment burden	Patient	3.50±0.50	1.04
	Spouse	3.42±0.58	(.388)
	Children	3.40±0.79
	Joint family burdens	3.22±0.67
	None (other)	3.66±0.30
Co-residence	Living together	3.41±0.60	0.69
Co-residence	Living separately	3.29±0.60	(.490)
Type of liver transplantatio n surgery	Deceased donor	3.28±0.61	-1.93
Type of liver transplantatio n surgery	Living donor	3.51±0.56	(.056)
Presence of disease	Yes	3.06±0.60	-3.31
Presence of disease	No	3.51±0.56	(.001)

Table 4.

Correlation among Stress, Social Support and Quality of Life (N=98)

Variables	Stress	Social support	Quality of life
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Stress	1
Social support	-.59 (＜.001)	1
Quality of life	-.68 (＜.001)	.80 (＜.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Liver Transplantation Patients (N=98)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
(Constant)	51.06	8.51		5.99	＜.001
Social support	0.51	0.06	.57	8.51	＜.001
Stress	-0.17	0.04	-.29	-4.37	＜.001
Average monthly household income^†	4.81	1.75	.15	2.75	.007
Presence of disease^†	2.36	2.04	.06	1.16	.249
	Adj R²=.72, F=66.25, p＜.001

^†Dummy variable; Average monthly income:≤200million won=0,≥201million won=1; Presence of disease: No=0, Yes=1 .

Table 1. General Characteristics of Families of Liver Transplantation Patients (N=98)

Table 2. Scores for Stress, Social Support and Quality of Life (N=98)

Table 3. Difference in Quality of Life according to Family's Characteristics (N=98)

Table 4. Correlation among Stress, Social Support and Quality of Life (N=98)

Table 5. Factors influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Liver Transplantation Patients (N=98)

†

Dummy variable; Average monthly income:≤200million won=0,≥201million won=1; Presence of disease: No=0, Yes=1 .

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Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Families of Patients with Liver Transplantation

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