Purpose
This study aimed to explore the differences between patient and nurse perceptions of nursing needs and performance in integrated nursing care service wards within small to medium-sized hospitals. Methods: The participants of the study were 116 patients and 116 nurses in the integrated nursing care service wards of small and medium-sized hospitals in U and Y cities. Data collection was conducted between July 18 and August 12, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the paired t-test, the independent t-test, and the importance-performance analysis. Results: Only the difference between nurse-perceived nursing needs and nursing performance (gap 2) was statistically significant (t=4.18, p<.001). Patients' physical needs were higher than what nurses perceived, and patients' financial were higher than nursing performance as perceived by both nurses and patients. In addition, nurses' performance was lower than the perceived nursing needs in all domains. According to the importance-performance analysis, the "concentrate here" areas included infection control, respect for patients' rights, and education of patients and families about diseases and treatment plans. Additionally, financial issues in nursing were identified as a "low priority" area requiring long-term intervention. Conclusion: It is crucial to prioritize nursing care that addresses patients' needs for infection control, respect for rights, and education. Nurses should also meet the physical and economic support needs of patients. Furthermore, it is recommended to adjust the nurse staffing ratio and foster systematic collaboration among hospitals, taking into account the circumstances of small to medium-sized hospitals.

Citations

• Nurses’ perspectives on the adoption of new smart technologies for patient care: focus group interviews
  Hyein Choi, Sunghee H. Tak, Young Ae Song, Jiyeon Park
  BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to compare the health expenditure and unmet health care needs and factors associated with these, in single-person households pre- and post-baby boomer generation, and of baby boomers.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2016 Korea Health Panel Study, which was conducted to investigate the factors associated with health expenditures and unmet healthcare needs of single-person households through hierarchical multiple regression analysis.
Results
The subjective health status of a single household showed a significant interaction with pre-baby boomers (β=.16, p=.045) in health expenditure. Identifying as men (OR=1.59, p=.046) and subjective health status (OR=1.90, p=.001) were statistically significant in terms of unmet healthcare needs. However, there was no significant interaction between pre-baby boomers and unmet healthcare needs.
Conclusion
Baby boomers are the first to be prepared for their later years in the current aging society. Despite a stable financial status due to vital economic activities, social support for baby boomers is inadequate. The rights guaranteed to family members under the system centered around kinship should also be guaranteed to single-person households.

Citations

• The impact of physical functionality and activity level on the self-rated health status of older adults living alone: An analysis of the mediating effect of social engagement
  Dajung Ryu
  Geriatric Nursing.2025; 63: 464.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to confirm the relationship between supportive care needs and resilience of female genital cancer patients, and to investigate the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between supportive care needs and quality of life.
Methods
This study was conducted with 105 outpatients and inpatients who were receiving treatment for female genital cancer at K University Hospital in B City. Data were collected from July 22, 2021 to August 17, 2021 and analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The correlation between the patients’ supportive care needs, resilience, and quality of life was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS Process Macro was used for the significance of parameter indirect effects.
Results
The quality of life of female genital cancer patients showed a significant negative correlation with supportive care needs (r=-.68, p<.001), and a significant positive correlation with resilience (r=.53, p<.001). Moreover, resilience partially mediated the relationship between supportive care needs and quality of life (95% CI -0.009~-0.032).
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, improving the resilience of female genital cancer patients may act as an additional coping strategy to reduce supportive care needs and establish an enhanced quality of life.

Citations

• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34 for Patients With Cancer: A Methodological Study
  Eun Ji Park, Hye Young Kim, Ju-Hee Nho, Eun Ko, Allison W. Boyes
  Asian Nursing Research.2025; 19(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the supportive care needs of female patients with genital cancer in South Korea
  Yu-Jung Son, Keum-Hee Nam, JaeLan Shim
  Medicine.2023; 102(51): e36650.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the relationship between nursing care needs and nurse staffing in pulmonology units.
Methods
This was a descriptive study that used a retrospective design. In total, 2,622 patient medical records from a tertiary hospital were analyzed. Variables were collected from Clinical Data Warehouse and Electronic Medical Records.
Results
The study found a difference in nursing care needs and nurse staffing by shift among units. In unit A (general unit), nurses were assigned according to nursing care needs and the proportion of severe patients. However, in unit B (general unit), higher nursing needs could lead to an increase in the number of patients per nurse on night duty (r=.23, p<.001). In unit C (comprehensive nursing care service unit), the number of patients per nurse during the day increased as nursing needs increased. The higher the proportion of “greater than two points in nursing activities”, the higher the number of patients per nurse during the day (r=.13, p=.010) and evening (r=.12, p=.018). However, the higher the proportion of “greater than three points in activities of daily living”, the lower the number of patients per nurse during the night shift (r=-.28, p<.001).
Conclusion
Patients’ nursing care needs should be considered in the management of nurse staffing. We should develop a nurse staffing program that considers variation in daily nursing care needs to establish efficient staffing guidelines.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the supportive care needs and quality of life of back-to-work breast cancer survivors, and determine the factors that affect their quality of life.
METHODS
Data were collected from 146 patients who had undergone surgery and treatment for breast cancer at Konyang University Hospital in Daejeon city and were receiving outpatient care from December 21, 2017 to November 30, 2018. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, the Duncan test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression.
RESULTS
Back-to-work breast cancer survivors show higher physical and mental health indices, which reflect quality of life, when they have fewer physical supportive care needs. Additionally, their physical and mental health indices based on the characteristics of the illness differed according to the cancer stage.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to develop and test the effectiveness of health education programs that meet the supportive care needs and improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors returning to work.

Citations

• Return-to-Work Support Needs and Influencing Factors Among Korean Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Kisook Kim, Hyohyeon Yoon
  Oncology Nursing Forum.2025; 52(2): 151.     CrossRef
• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34 for Patients With Cancer: A Methodological Study
  Eun Ji Park, Hye Young Kim, Ju-Hee Nho, Eun Ko, Allison W. Boyes
  Asian Nursing Research.2025; 19(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting return to work in breast cancer survivors in Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Kate J. Sohn, Sung Hae Kim, Hyojin Lee, Sue Kim
  Women's Health Nursing.2024; 30(4): 277.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Symptom Burden, Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and eHealth Literacy on the Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Bang-Eun Lee, Ju-Yeon Uhm
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(3): 345.     CrossRef
• Unmet supportive care needs of breast cancer survivors: a systematic scoping review
  Rongrong Fan, Lili Wang, Xiaofan Bu, Wenxiu Wang, Jing Zhu
  BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of post-treatment symptoms on supportive care needs among breast cancer survivors in South Korea
  Unhee Kim, Ju-Young Lee
  Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 10(10): 100295.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with the quality of work life among working breast cancer survivors
  Juhyun Jin
  Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 9(2): 97.     CrossRef
• Cancer Survivorship Care and Roles of Oncology Nurses
  Eun Young Park
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2022; 22(3): 121.     CrossRef
• Supportive care needs of patients after breast cancer surgery
  Slobodan Tomić, Sanja Tomić, Milena Mikić, Goran Malenković
  Sestrinska rec.2022; 25(84): 4.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Supportive Care Needs of Colorectal Cancer Survivors
  Hyekyung Kim, Yang-Sook Yoo
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors: Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for 2019
  Hee Jung Kim
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2021; 24(2): 109.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life in a Sample of Cancer Survivor Female Nurses
  Ju Hyun Jin, Eun Ju Lee
  Medicina.2020; 56(12): 721.     CrossRef
• A Narrative Inquiry into the Adjustment Experiences of Male Bladder Cancer Survivors with a Neobladder
  So Hee Kim, Eunjung Ryu, Eun-Ju Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8260.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the needs of family caregivers and program providers in family support program by exploring perspectives about the program in the long-term care system.
METHODS
This was a secondary analysis study using the content analysis method. The data of 11 family caregivers and 7 program providers that were collected from focus group interviews in two primary studies were used. Each data was collected in April and May 2015. The units of analysis were dyads of family caregivers and program providers.
RESULTS
The data were deductively analyzed within three main categories: program purpose, program content, and program method. Within the main categories, ten subcategories represented the essential elements for developing a family support program. There were differences between family caregivers and program providers in terms of the contents and intentions of the family support program. Family caregivers wanted to receive help from the family support program in a passive manner, while program providers expected the family support program to improve families' ability to solve their own problems.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it is important to establish the strategies of customized and flexible program considering the needs of the caregivers to make family support program more effective. Further, it is necessary to fill the gap between the needs of the two groups and focus on family-centered approaches to conduct family support program more effectively.

Citations

• Factors relating to intention of use non-face-to-face services among family caregivers of persons with dementia: A cross-sectional study
  Myonghwa Park, Jinju Kim, Jihye Jung, Seonhwa Kim, Jinhee Lee, Dongyoung Lee
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(4): 377.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the educational needs that should be considered while developing an occupational education program for nursing students.
METHODS
Participants included 200 nursing students and 40 nursing professionals. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 program, using descriptive statistics, a paired t-test, Kendall's coefficient of concordance, and confirmatory factor analysis. The Borich's Needs Assessment Model, the Locus for Focus Model, and the Jo and Lee's Model also were used. Data were collected from May 1 to 30, 2017 using a structured self-report questionnaire.
RESULTS
A significant difference was found in scores on ‘important’ and ‘present’ levels of occupational education needs for both nursing students and professionals, on all items of occupational education needs. Results relative to the Borich's model indicated that ‘stress management in the nursing practice fields’ had the highest priority rating among both nursing students (5.65) and nursing professionals (6.40), and ‘establishing my career roadmap’ (6.04) had the highest priority rating in the Jo and Lee's Model.
CONCLUSION
The present results are expected to be used as baseline data for the development of an occupational education program for nursing students.

Citations

• The Impact of Nursing Students’ Characteristics on Sustaining Career Decision-making Self-efficacy, Career Decision Level and Career Resilience: A Longitudinal Study
  Eun Jung Cho, Mi Ryon Lee
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(1): 79.     CrossRef
• The educational needs of virtual reality simulation training for novice nurses’ adaptation to clinical practice: A mixed methods study
  Mikyoung Lee, Jeong Hee Eom, Jinyoung Kim
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(4): 339.     CrossRef
• Exploring Correlates of Nursing Graduates’ Career Resilience
  Eun Jung Cho
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(1): 68.     CrossRef
• Ön Lisans Sağlık Hizmetleri Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Kararı Verme Yeterliliği ve Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
  Cemal ÖZALP
  Balkan Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 2(3): 111.     CrossRef
• Career education needs of Korean nursing students and professionals: A cross-sectional survey
  Young-Mi Jung, In-Young Yoo
  Nurse Education Today.2022; 108: 105209.     CrossRef
• Development and testing of the career decision-making self-efficacy scale for nursing students: a methodological study
  Young-Mi Jung, In-Young Yoo
  BMC Nursing.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Simulation Training Needs of Nurses for Nursing High-Risk Premature Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Sun-Yi Yang
  Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2197.     CrossRef
• Priority Analysis of Needs for COVID-19 Infection Control Education for Nurses at a Medium-Sized Hospital
  Hee Kang, Jin Im, Hee-Young Kang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(4): 472.     CrossRef
• The Influence of Self-Control, Social Responsibility, and Transformational Leadership on Career Preparation Behavior of Nursing Students
  Myoung Sook Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2021; 27(4): 248.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of a career efficacy enhancement program for KOREAN nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
  Young-Mi Jung, In-Young Yoo
  Nurse Education Today.2020; 89: 104423.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing career preparation behavior of nursing students: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  Seon Nyeo Kim, Mi Sun Bang, Hae Yoon Shin, Sue-Kyung Sohn
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2020; 26(3): 225.     CrossRef
• Effects of Individual Career Plan Program on Nursing Students’ Career Decision-making Self-efficacy, Career Decision Level and Career Resilience
  Eun Jung Cho
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(4): 400.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was designed to investigate the impact of the elderly's basic psychological needs and wisdom on successful aging.
METHODS
The study participants were 150 elderly people aged at least fifty five years of age. The participants were drawn from six welfare centers serving the elderly located in Gwangju metropolitan city, Naju city, and Jeonnam province from February 2017 to March 2017. Data were collected by three self-report questionnaires measuring successful aging, basic psychological needs, and wisdom. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 18.0 program was utilized including one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.
RESULTS
This study showed a positive correlation between successful aging and basic psychological needs (r=.75 p < .001), wisdom(r=.74 p < .001). In addition, successful aging has a positive correlation with autonomy (r=.32 p < .001), competence (r=.77 p < .001), and relationship (r=.73 p < .001). The competency (β=.40), relationship (β=.18), wisdom (β=.34) have a 69% (F=96.38, p < .001) explanatory power for the successful aging in the elderly.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest the necessity to support the basic psychological needs of the elderly in order to support wise lives.

Citations

• Attitudes Toward Aging and Influencing Factors in Middle Adulthood
  Jung-Ha Kim, Hye-Yeon Kim
  Journal of Families and Better Life.2025; 43(1): 143.     CrossRef
• COVID-19 Outbreak Restrictions on Daily Activities and Its Psychological Impact on Elderly: A Scoping Review
  Mohamad Qayum Mohamad Sabri, Syahirah Robani, Nor Faridah Ahmad Roslan, Kwai Sang Yau Matthew, Ahmad Zamir Che Daud
  Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences.2022; 18(s15): 349.     CrossRef
• Study of the Successful Aging of the Elderly Women in Rural Area
  So Hee Shin, Keum Seong Jang, On Choi
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(2): 198.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purposes of this secondary analysis study was to examine prevalence, risk factors and unmet healthcare needs among adults with hypertension.
METHODS
A sample of 3,386 adults over the age of 40 with hypertension were drawn from the Korea Health Panel Study (2013). Using SPSS 22.0 version, descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, chi-square and logistic regression were performed.
RESULTS
Results showed that 18.9% of the sample reported unmet healthcare needs with the most frequently cited one was financial burdens (43.2%). The reported experiences of unmet healthcare needs differed by gender, marital status, vision or hearing impairment, memory problem, impaired mobility, subjective health status, total family income, depressive episode and the difficulty in making decisions. The sample participants were more likely to report unmet healthcare if they had vision impairment, low income and perception that their health status as moderate to poor. Those without vision impairment were less likely to report unmet healthcare needs.
CONCLUSION
The identified risk factors of unmet healthcare needs should be addressed which would enhance access both to health care and to resolution of unmet healthcare needs. Since visual ability seems to impact perception of unmet healthcare needs, it may be useful to find ways to address this factor.

Citations

• Regional disparities in health literacy for chronic diseases: focusing on healthcare resources and local extinction index
  Seokmin Ji, Young Gyu Kwon, Hyunseo Lee, Chaehwan Shin, Minsung Sohn, Mankyu Choi
  Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identifying the Group Vulnerable to Unmet Medical Needs Due to Food Security: According to Children in the Household
  Min-Soo Kim, Hyeon-Ji Lee, Jae-Hyun Kim
  Healthcare.2023; 11(3): 423.     CrossRef
• Factors related to undiagnosed diabetes in Korean adults: a secondary data analysis
  Bohyun Kim
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(4): 295.     CrossRef
• Unmet Healthcare Needs and Related Factors Among Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Secondary Analysis of 2019 Korea Community Health Survey Data
  SookKyoung Park, Hye Young Kim, Young-Me Lee
  INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This qualitative study was designed to explore and describe the nursing staff reported experiences of managing the medical needs of nursing home residents in South Korea.
METHODS
Using a focus group interview method, qualitative data were collected from March to May 2012. Twenty five registered nurses and nurse aids working in nursing homes were recruited through a convenient sampling method. Participants participated in one of four focus group interviews lasted up to two hours in which their day-to-day experiences of taking care of the medical needs of the elderly residents. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in verbatim, and analyzed according to the qualitative thematic analysis method using MAXQDA software.
RESULTS
The overriding theme was 'experiencing differences between the requirements of the regulatory system and the actual reality of the work place.' The findings of differences between what were true and what is required was based in four subcategories. The nursing home residents had far more medical needs than what were reported. Another finding was that the family members were seen as non-supportive and negligent towards the residents.
CONCLUSION
The findings of the study support the need for changes in the regulatory system. The regulatory limitations of current system with a shortage of resources pushed the participants to experience discrepancies between the required regulation and the reality. Additional research could contribute more exemplars to support changes.

Citations

• Effects of registered nurses' staffing levels, work environment and education levels on nursing home residents' quality of life and nurse outcomes
  Eunhee Cho, Deulle Min, Seok‐Jae Heo, Kyoungeun Lee, Hyejin Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(17-18): 6494.     CrossRef
• Registered Nurses’ Experiences of End-of-Life Care in Nursing Homes of South Korea: A Qualitative Study
  Soo-Jung Chang
  Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2213.     CrossRef
• End-of-life care practices in Korean nursing homes: A national survey
  Hyejin Kim, Jeonghyun Cho, JungSuk Lee
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2022; 129: 104173.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Food Service Provision by Food Service Operational Types for Residential Facilities
  Jin Hee Kwon, Rah Il Hwang, Hyeon Jin Jeong, Hye Min Jang
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(4): 258.     CrossRef
• Breaking the vicious circle of diet, malnutrition and oral health for the independent elderly
  Maria Αntoniadou, Theodoros Varzakas
  Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2021; 61(19): 3233.     CrossRef
• Relationships among Person-Centered Care Competence, Empathy, Mindfulness and Difficulties in Emotional Regulation among Undergraduate Nursing Students
  Hee Kyung Chang, Young Joo Do, Sang Mi Han, Bo Ram Kim
  Korean Journal of Stress Research.2021; 29(2): 97.     CrossRef
• Useful lessons for the provision of services in long-term care facilities in South Korea: operators’ experiences illuminate the phenomenon of working with the elderly in the field
  Young Ran Tak, Hae Young Woo, Lee Han Yi, Ah Rim Kim
  International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pre- and Perioperative Risk Factors of Post Hip Fracture Surgery Walking Failure in the Elderly
  YoungJi Ko
  Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurse Case Managers' Experiences on Case Management for Long-term Hospitalization in Korea
  Jinjoo Oh, Seieun Oh
  Asian Nursing Research.2017; 11(4): 283.     CrossRef
• Experiences of Participation in Dementia Prevention Program for Older Adults in Nursing Homes
  Sun Ok Lim, Hyun Mi Jo
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2016; 19(2): 128.     CrossRef
• A Study on Working Conditions and Factors Related to Job Satisfaction of Nurses in the Long-term Care facilities for the Elderly
  JungSuk Lee, RahIl Hwang, MinKyung Lim
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(3): 551.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
To examine pressure ulcer care from the standpoints of perceived importance, educational needs, knowledge and performance among clinical nurses.
METHODS
This descriptive study was conducted with a convenient sample of 289 nurses from four hospitals. Questionnaire data collected from June to August 2008 was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients.
RESULTS
The mean scores of importance and educational needs concerning pressure ulcer care were high, performance was moderate, and knowledge was low. Knowledge level differed significantly according to career, performance differed significantly according to pressure ulcer care education and the main healer(the person primarily responsible for treatment). Perceived importance differed significantly according to the main healer, and educational needs differed significantly according to working area and the main healer. Significant correlations were evident between performance and importance, performance and educational needs, importance and knowledge, and importance and educational needs.
CONCLUSION
Focus on perceived importance and educational needs to clinical nurses about pressure ulcer care may be beneficial to improve knowledge and practice of pressure ulcer care, and should be reflected in the development of effective programs to enhance relevant nursing skills.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and learning needs on coronary artery disease in diabetic patients by glycemic control.
METHODS
The subjects consisted of 188 patients at the hospital who had diabetes mellitus. Data was obtained using a knowledge and learning needs questionnaire from January to April 2006.
RESULTS
Treatment method, the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PP2hr) showed meaningful differences between normo-glycemic group(HbA1c<7%) and hyper-glycemic group (HbA1c> or =7%). The levels of knowledge on coronary artery disease by glycemic control tend to show higher in normo-glycemic group. Etiology and prevention of coronary artery disease were significantly higher in normo- glycemic group than in hyper-glycemic group. The levels of learning needs on coronary artery disease by glycemic control tend to show higher in normo-glycemic group. The learning needs on items of diet control were higher in normo-glycemic group than in hyper-glycemic group.
CONCLUSION
On the base of these results, we should focus on the coronary artery disease education for hyper-glycemic group. Also individual coronary artery disease educational program should be developed for the patients with different level of knowledge and learning needs.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to identify types of care needs for hospice patients through Q- methodology. METHOD: Twenty three Q-statements were selected through in-depth interviews of hospice patients. Data were collected from 20 hospice patients by sorting 23 Q-statements into 9 points standard and then analyzed using PC QUANL program. RESULT: Type 1 was named 'the need for pain control type' and patients of this type had the greatest need of physical care to be free of pain and be comfortable. Type 2 was named 'the need for love and intimacy type' and patients of this type would like to share love and intimacy with their family members. Type 3 was named 'the needs for reliance on an Absolute Being type' and patients of this type would like to receive forgiveness from their God and prayers. Type 4 was named 'the need for accomplishment and service type' and patients of this type would like to complete their on going work and to give service to others. CONCLUSION: The study result could be basic data to perform effective nursing interventions for satisfying the care needs of hospice patients.

The purpose of this study was to explore the educational needs of kidney transplant patients and educational importance perceived by their nurses to develop a rehabilitational and educational program. Data were collected from January 29, 1999 to July 30, 1999 with interviews using a structured questionnaire. The subjects for this study were 173, of whom 107 were patients who had had a kidney transplant and had visited the out-patient department and 66 were transplant ward nurses who were taking care of the kidney transplant patients at six general hospitals located in Seoul. The questionnaire used for this study was developed by the investigator through a literature review and collected and modified by 11 professional personnel and 3 kidney transplant patients. The data were analyzed using the SAS program for numbers, percentiles, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheff test. The results were as follows; 1) In the patient group, the total mean score for educational needs was 154.61 and the item mean score was 3.96. In the nurses group, the total mean score for perceived educational importance was 166.26 and the item mean score was 4.26. In the nurses group, perceived educational needs were scored higher than by the patient group. With regard to domains, both patient and nurses group had the highest educational needs and perceived educational importance in the domain of physical condition and the top five items in the educational needs and perceived educational importance were also in the domain of physical condition. 2) In the patient group, women and the divorce/bereavement group had higher educational needs in the domain of nutritional management, those who had been admitted longer than 4 weeks from their kidney transplant time had higher educational needs in the domains of physical condition and those who were less than 4 years from their transplant had higher educational needs in the domain of follow-up care. In the nurses group, those who were married had higher perceived educational importance in the domain of physical condition.

The purpose of this study was to identify the needs which were perceived by patients who were received spinal anesthesia for surgery. The subjects consisted of 50 adult patients who were admitted to 2 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals in Pusan city and 1 general hospital in Koje City for surgery under spinal anesthesia. Thirty eight percent of subjects received information about anesthesia before the operation. The instrument for this study was developed by the researcher based on literature and a pretest. Data were collected from December 10, 1999 to February 10, 2000 and were analyzed by content analysis. The results were that there were 533 meaningful statements in the needs of spinal anesthesia patients. The needs of spinal anesthesia patients had 51 items (preoperation (6), induction of nesthesia(5), intraoperation (27), postoperation(13)) and 6 categories (information, emotional welfare, physical welfare, post anesthetic management, control of physical environment, humane treatment). From the results, it can be concluded that: 1. In the pre-operation period, we have to explain anesthesia procedures, adequate position of anesthesia, duration before anesthesia wears off and sensation of paralysis. We have to supply emotional support to relieve anxiety because of anesthesia. 2. In induction of anesthesia, we have to support patient's position for anesthesia, and relieve anxiety so that patients participate in induction of anesthesia well. 3. In intra-operative period, we have to check the level of anesthesia, and keep up a comfortable position for operation and care for physical discomfort such as thirst, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea and to maintain body temperature of the patient. Since the patient is conscious, we have to communicate with the patient to relieve anxiety, maintain privacy, inform the patient of the process of the operation and encourage the surgeon to explain the outcome of the operation. The operating team needs the careful about what they say and to place the instrument well. We have to ventilate the room air and reduce noise. 4. In the post-operative period, we have to explain the purpose and duration of bed rest, complications of anesthesia and care for physical discomfort such as pain, dysuria, headache, backache. Also we have to maintain body temperature of the patient and maintain privacy.

Nurses play an important role in patient education, including providing patients with useful and appropriate information. The purpose of this study was to explore what particular types of information were important to women diagnosed with breast cancer. Sixty seven women with breast cancer an outpatient clinic in W Christian Hospital responded to the structured questionnaires developed by the investigator. Interviews and mail surveys were used in this study. The findings in this study showed that six kinds of information needs arose, ranked as the signs and symptoms of recurrence, the possibility of recurrence, the possibility of metastasis, treatment, diet and physical activities in daily living. Marital status, level of education, and level of monthly income were not related to level of informational need. Younger women rather than older women had a greater need to seek information(r=-.471, p<.01). There was a significantly negative relationship between duration of disease and the score on information needs(r=-.32, p<.05). The findings have implications that the opportunity to ask questions and have accurate information on the recurrence should be provided to women with breast cancer.