The Effect of Basic Psychological Needs and Wisdom on Successful Aging in the Elderly

Min-Jeong Nam; Young-Mun Cho

doi:10.7475/KJAN.2018.30.1.70

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The Effect of Basic Psychological Needs and Wisdom on Successful Aging in the Elderly

Min-Jeong Nam¹, Young-Mun Cho²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2018;30(1):70-78.
Published online: February 18, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/KJAN.2018.30.1.70

¹College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea

²Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea

Corresponding author: Cho, Young-Mun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-6204 Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, 185 Geonjae-ro, Naju 58245, Korea. Tel: +82-61-330-3596, Fax: +82-61-330-3580, E-mail: cymun@hanmail.net

• Received: October 26, 2017 • Accepted: February 3, 2018

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was designed to investigate the impact of the elderly's basic psychological needs and wisdom on successful aging.
Methods
The study participants were 150 elderly people aged at least fifty five years of age. The participants were drawn from six welfare centers serving the elderly located in Gwangju metropolitan city, Naju city, and Jeonnam province from February 2017 to March 2017. Data were collected by three self-report questionnaires measuring successful aging, basic psychological needs, and wisdom. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 18.0 program was utilized including one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.
Results
This study showed a positive correlation between successful aging and basic psychological needs (r=.75 p<.001), wisdom(r=.74 p<.001). In addition, successful aging has a positive correlation with autono-my (r=.32 p<.001), competence (r=.77 p<.001), and relationship (r=.73 p<.001). The competency (β=.40), relationship (β=.18), wisdom(β=.34) have a 69% (F=96.38, p<.001) explanatory power for the successful aging in the elderly.
Conclusion
The findings suggest the necessity to support the basic psychological needs of the elderly in order to support wise lives.
Key Words: Elderly; Aging; Needs

Table 1.

Difference in Successful Aging according to Participants' General Characteristics (N=133)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M± SD	Successful aging
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M± SD	M± SD	t or F (p)
Gender	Male	70 (52.6)		96.89±16.24	0.22 (.826)
Gender	Female	63 (47.4)		96.25±16.79
Age(year)	60~69	49 (36.8)	70.92±6.10	99.78±13.61	3.39 (.056)
	70~79	73 (54.9)		93.40±17.80
	≥80	11 (8.3)		103.55±14.86
Marital status	Single	2 (1.5)		113.00±15.55	2.30 (.104)
	Married	110 (82.7)		97.33±15.92
	Divorced or bereaved	21 (15.8)		91.14±18.19
Education level	≤ Elementary ^a	12 (9.0)		91.67±16.38	8.88 (＜.001)
	Junior high school ^b	32 (24.1)		86.81±14.27	b, c＜ d^†
	High school ^c	46 (34.6)		97.20±17.07
	≥ College ^d	43 (32.3)		104.58±13.10
Religion	Protestant	30 (22.6)		96.70±17.10	1.07 (.362)
	Catholic	36 (27.1)		99.58±18.40
	Buddhist	28 (21.1)		92.10±17.55
	Others	39 (29.3)		96.90±12.75
Living type	Alone	14 (10.5)		89.21±16.27	1.42 (.237)
	With spouse	80 (60.2)		97.89±16.62
	With spouse & offspring	27 (20.3)		98.26±15.41
	With offspring	12 (9.0)		92.75±16.79
Number of children	1~2	52 (39.1)	2.95±1.16	93.65±16.03	1.37 (.257)
	3~4	72 (54.1)		98.56±16.44
	≥5	9 (6.8)		97.78±18.18
Job	Yes	31 (23.3)		97.10±16.97	0.20 (.844)
Job	No	102 (76.7)		96.43±16.36
Allowance per month (10.000 won)	≤10	6 (4.5)		87.83±17.74	0.69 (.559)
	10~30	35 (26.3)		97.86±14.15
	31~50	40 (30.1)		95.85±17.16
	≥51	52 (39.1)		97.31±17.30
Health status	Very bad ^a ^b	5 (3.8)		102.60±20.48	4.97 (.001)
	Bad ^b	17 (12.8)		93.06±14.48	c＜ d^†
	Moderate ^c	64 (48.1)		91.61±15.83
	Good ^d	42 (31.6)		103.21±15.25
	Very good ^e	5 (3.8)		110.60±11.60

^†Post-hoc: Scheffé test.

Table 2.

Level of Basic Psychological Need and Wisdom (N=133)

Variables	M± SD	Min~Max	Possible range
Successful aging	96.59±16.44	52~132	30~150
BPN	62.91±9.30	39~90	18~90
Autonomy	21.53±3.23	15~30	6~30
Competency	20.02±4.21	10~30	6~30
Relatedness	21.37±3.73	13~30	6~30
Wisdom	80.05±8.50	52~102	27~135

BPN=basic psychological needs.

Table 3.

Correlations between Successful Aging and Other Variables in the Elderly (N=133)

Variables	Successful aging	BPN	Autonomy	Competency	Relatedness	Wisdom
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Successful aging	1
BPN	.75 (＜.001)	1
Autonomy	.32 (＜.001)	.68 (＜.001)	1
Competency	.77 (＜.001)	.89 (＜.001)	.37 (＜.001)	1
Relatedness	.73 (＜.001)	.89 (＜.001)	.42 (＜.001)	.77 (＜.001)	1
Wisdom	.74 (＜.001)	.73 (＜.001)	.40 (＜.001)	.68 (＜.001)	.69 (＜.001)	1

BPN=basic psychological needs.

Table 4.

Influencing Factors on Successful Aging in Elderly (N=133)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Cum. R²	F (p)
(Constant)	-4.69	7.72		-0.59	.550
Competency	1.53	0.31	.40	4.81	＜.001	.59	190.93 (＜.001)
Wisdom	0.67	0.14	.34	4.78	＜.001	.67	137.56 (＜.001)
Relatedness	0.82	0.36	.18	2.27	.025	.69	96.38 (＜.001)

Cum. R²=Cumulative R².

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The Effect of Basic Psychological Needs and Wisdom on Successful Aging in the Elderly

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2018;30(1):70-78. Published online February 28, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2018.30.1.70

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The Effect of Basic Psychological Needs and Wisdom on Successful Aging in the Elderly

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2018;30(1):70-78. Published online February 28, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2018.30.1.70

The Effect of Basic Psychological Needs and Wisdom on Successful Aging in the Elderly

Table 1.

Difference in Successful Aging according to Participants' General Characteristics (N=133)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M± SD	Successful aging
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M± SD	M± SD	t or F (p)
Gender	Male	70 (52.6)		96.89±16.24	0.22 (.826)
Gender	Female	63 (47.4)		96.25±16.79
Age(year)	60~69	49 (36.8)	70.92±6.10	99.78±13.61	3.39 (.056)
	70~79	73 (54.9)		93.40±17.80
	≥80	11 (8.3)		103.55±14.86
Marital status	Single	2 (1.5)		113.00±15.55	2.30 (.104)
	Married	110 (82.7)		97.33±15.92
	Divorced or bereaved	21 (15.8)		91.14±18.19
Education level	≤ Elementary ^a	12 (9.0)		91.67±16.38	8.88 (＜.001)
	Junior high school ^b	32 (24.1)		86.81±14.27	b, c＜ d^†
	High school ^c	46 (34.6)		97.20±17.07
	≥ College ^d	43 (32.3)		104.58±13.10
Religion	Protestant	30 (22.6)		96.70±17.10	1.07 (.362)
	Catholic	36 (27.1)		99.58±18.40
	Buddhist	28 (21.1)		92.10±17.55
	Others	39 (29.3)		96.90±12.75
Living type	Alone	14 (10.5)		89.21±16.27	1.42 (.237)
	With spouse	80 (60.2)		97.89±16.62
	With spouse & offspring	27 (20.3)		98.26±15.41
	With offspring	12 (9.0)		92.75±16.79
Number of children	1~2	52 (39.1)	2.95±1.16	93.65±16.03	1.37 (.257)
	3~4	72 (54.1)		98.56±16.44
	≥5	9 (6.8)		97.78±18.18
Job	Yes	31 (23.3)		97.10±16.97	0.20 (.844)
Job	No	102 (76.7)		96.43±16.36
Allowance per month (10.000 won)	≤10	6 (4.5)		87.83±17.74	0.69 (.559)
	10~30	35 (26.3)		97.86±14.15
	31~50	40 (30.1)		95.85±17.16
	≥51	52 (39.1)		97.31±17.30
Health status	Very bad ^a ^b	5 (3.8)		102.60±20.48	4.97 (.001)
	Bad ^b	17 (12.8)		93.06±14.48	c＜ d^†
	Moderate ^c	64 (48.1)		91.61±15.83
	Good ^d	42 (31.6)		103.21±15.25
	Very good ^e	5 (3.8)		110.60±11.60

^†Post-hoc: Scheffé test.

Table 2.

Level of Basic Psychological Need and Wisdom (N=133)

Variables	M± SD	Min~Max	Possible range
Successful aging	96.59±16.44	52~132	30~150
BPN	62.91±9.30	39~90	18~90
Autonomy	21.53±3.23	15~30	6~30
Competency	20.02±4.21	10~30	6~30
Relatedness	21.37±3.73	13~30	6~30
Wisdom	80.05±8.50	52~102	27~135

BPN=basic psychological needs.

Table 3.

Correlations between Successful Aging and Other Variables in the Elderly (N=133)

Variables	Successful aging	BPN	Autonomy	Competency	Relatedness	Wisdom
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Successful aging	1
BPN	.75 (＜.001)	1
Autonomy	.32 (＜.001)	.68 (＜.001)	1
Competency	.77 (＜.001)	.89 (＜.001)	.37 (＜.001)	1
Relatedness	.73 (＜.001)	.89 (＜.001)	.42 (＜.001)	.77 (＜.001)	1
Wisdom	.74 (＜.001)	.73 (＜.001)	.40 (＜.001)	.68 (＜.001)	.69 (＜.001)	1

BPN=basic psychological needs.

Table 4.

Influencing Factors on Successful Aging in Elderly (N=133)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Cum. R²	F (p)
(Constant)	-4.69	7.72		-0.59	.550
Competency	1.53	0.31	.40	4.81	＜.001	.59	190.93 (＜.001)
Wisdom	0.67	0.14	.34	4.78	＜.001	.67	137.56 (＜.001)
Relatedness	0.82	0.36	.18	2.27	.025	.69	96.38 (＜.001)

Cum. R²=Cumulative R².

Table 1. Difference in Successful Aging according to Participants' General Characteristics (N=133)

†

Post-hoc: Scheffé test.

Table 2. Level of Basic Psychological Need and Wisdom (N=133)

BPN=basic psychological needs.

Table 3. Correlations between Successful Aging and Other Variables in the Elderly (N=133)

BPN=basic psychological needs.

Table 4. Influencing Factors on Successful Aging in Elderly (N=133)

Cum. R²=Cumulative R².

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