Purpose
This study investigated differences in the use of life-sustaining treatments during the last six months of life between older adults covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI) and those enrolled in the Medical Aid (MA) program. Methods: A retrospective cohort design was applied using national claims data from the National Health Insurance Service. The study population included individuals aged ≥65 years who died in 2023, with 286,319 decedents (247,935 with NHI and 38,384 with MA) analyzed. We compared hospitalization frequency and duration, intensive care unit (ICU) stays, and the use of life-sustaining treatments, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, chemotherapy, transfusions, and vasopressors, between NHI and MA groups. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with adjustments for age, sex, comorbidities, place of death, and advance care planning status. Results: Completion rates of advance directives and physician orders for life-sustaining treatment were lower in MA than in NHI decedents. MA decedents had fewer admissions but significantly longer hospital and ICU stays than NHI decedents. They were less likely to receive mechanical ventilation, chemotherapy, transfusion, and vasopressors but more likely to undergo hemodialysis. Conclusion: Substantial disparities exist in end-of-life care by insurance type, suggesting that socioeconomic inequalities and reimbursement structures influence patterns of intensive care near the end of life. Targeted interventions are needed to ensure equitable, patient-centered end-of-life care for socioeconomically vulnerable older adults.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and educational demand regarding Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) infection control among nurses in wards with cohort isolation rooms.
Methods
A mixed-methods design was applied. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and data from 61 nurses and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0. An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups with 12 nurses who worked in wards with VRE cohort isolation rooms, and content analysis was conducted.
Results
All items had lower performance scores than their importance scores, with significant differences. In the qualitative/descriptive analysis, the barriers to implementing VRE infection control were a lack of awareness of infection control, increased work burden, and lack of resources.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop systematic education tailored to nurses in wards with cohort isolation rooms. Furthermore, adequate resource support, distinct from the general infection control practices in other wards, is necessary. This includes considering additional infection control tasks and procedures when staffing the ward, as well as supplying equipment in accordance with cohort isolation requirements.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the research performance during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among nursing researchers. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted for Korean Society of Adult Nursing where 103 subjects participated from April 15 to May 14, 2021. The survey tool developed by researchers had 32 items including difficulties in performing research activities, perception of the impact of COVID-19 on research validity, and three open-ended questions. Results: In the research planning phase, 88 subjects (90.7%) reported difficulties in the recruitment plan and 83 subjects (89.3%) reported difficulties selecting a research design. In the recruitment and data collection phase, 85 subjects (88.6%) had difficulties accessing data collection site and 78 subjects (85.7%) had difficulties in face-to-face data collection. In the provision of intervention phase (for experimental study), 26 subjects (66.7%) reported that they should have changed the method of delivery of intervention. In research administration and manpower management, 62 subjects (75.6%) reported difficulties in face-to-face meeting. In research outcome management, 65 subjects (85.5%) reported that they should have changed the way of research-related events. Lastly, 80 subjects (81.6%) perceived that difficulties caused by COVID-19 impacted research validity. Conclusion: Majority of participants perceived that the difficulties in research activities may decrease research validity. To ensure research quality during COVID-19 pandemic, we should recognize potential threats to research validity and actively pursue adaptable innovations of research designs and data collection methods.

PURPOSE
Despite the importance of promoting quality of life (QOL) among patients with terminal cancer, a comprehensive understanding of QOL among this population is lacking in South Korea. Thus, the purpose of the integrative review was to identify patterns in studies about patient-reported QOL among Korean adult patients with a diagnosis of terminal cancer.
METHODS
The integrative review method described by Whittemore and Knaf was used in this stuy. Twenty-five articles were selected for analysis.
RESULTS
Most articles addressed factors that influenced QOL or validated an assessment instrument to measure QOL in patients with terminal cancer. Only one qualitative research article which described patients' experiences of living with terminal cancer. Six other articles examined the effects of interventions on patients' QOL but these did not provide detailed information about interventions. These articles seldom used robust designs and methods to test the interventions.
CONCLUSION
Findings from the review suggest conducting studies with qualitative methodologies to gain an in-depth understanding of QOL from patients' perspectives. Additional studies with robust designs and methods are also necessary to develop and test theory-based, empirically-derived interventions that help maintain or promote QOL in patients with terminal cancer.

Citations

• Challenges and Proposed Improvements in Advance Care Planning: Insights from a Real Clinical Case of a Terminally Ill Patient in Korea
  Hongyeul Lee
  Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2025; 28(1): 41.     CrossRef
• Effect of Laughter Therapy on Mood Disturbances, Pain, and Burnout in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients and Family Caregivers
  Hee Moon, Songjah Journ, Seonah Lee
  Cancer Nursing.2024; 47(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Cross-Cultural Validation of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire-Revised (MQOL-R), Korean Version; A Focus on People at the End of Life
  Kyung-Ah Kang, Myung-Nam Lee
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2022; 25(3): 110.     CrossRef
• Initial Assessment and Care Planning in Palliative Hospice Care: Focus on Assessment Tools
  Eun Ju Park, Su Jin Koh, Jae Kyung Cheon
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(2): 67.     CrossRef