Purpose
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention combining the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and body mechanics for nurses with chronic low back pain (LBP).
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used, with data collected from August 30 to December 29, 2023. Participants were nurses experiencing chronic LBP (≥3 months) from a university hospital. Participants were allocated by ward units, with the experimental group (n=30) enrolled first, followed by the control group (n=30). The experimental group received ADIM and body mechanics training, performed ADIM exercises three times weekly for 6 weeks, and received daily text reminders. Exercise adherence and body mechanics usage were monitored weekly. The control group received educational materials upon request after study completion. Outcomes included LBP intensity, LBP disability, lumbar flexibility, and body mechanics performance, analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 through descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, the Fisher exact tests, the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and analysis of covariance.
Results
Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant reductions in LBP intensity (Z=4.65, p<.001) and LBP disability (F=7.04, p=.010), as well as improvements in lumbar flexibility (t=6.15, p<.001) and body mechanics performance (t=6.91, p<.001).
Conclusion
The intervention effectively alleviated LBP, reduced disability due to LBP, and improved lumbar flexibility and body mechanics performance. Thus, integrating ADIM with body mechanics may represent a practical and beneficial approach for reducing pain and enhancing functional outcomes among nurses experiencing chronic LBP in clinical settings.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model of self-management behavior in patients with chronic low back pain based on the results of previous studies and a literature review.
Methods
Data from 218 outpatients with spinal disease who visited a university hospital from January 21 to August 3, 2021 with chronic back pain that had lasted for more than 3 months were collected and analyzed.
Results
The goodness-of-fit of the final model satisfied recommendations (RMR=.01, RMSEA=.07, GFI=.97, NFI=.95, TLI=.92, CFI=.97). Negative illness perception directly and negatively influenced self-management behavior (β=-.15, p=.021), and also indirectly affected self-management behavior through self-efficacy (β=-.07, p=.007). Positive illness perception directly exerted a positive impact on self-management behavior. Active participation, internal health control, and self-efficacy all directly influenced self-management behavior.
Conclusion
In order to improve self-management behavior in patients with chronic low back pain and spinal diseases, it is crucial to first determine whether the patient's perception of their illness is positive or negative. Patients should be encouraged to adopt a positive attitude towards their condition and to persist with self-management.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of general characteristics, basic psychological needs, health promoting behaviors, and emotional status on sleep quality of the older adults with low back pain. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional correlational study in B and Y cities between August and September 2020. A total of 217 older adults participated in the study and their general characteristics (age, gender, duration of back pain, pain intensity, disability, perceived health status, risk for malnutrition), basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness), health promoting behavior (physical activity, self care), emotional status (depression, quality of life), and sleep quality were measured. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, independent t-test, ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc test, hierarchical multiple regression, and path analysis using SPSS/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 70.31±5.39 years, the pain intensity was 6.40±1.09, and the duration of back pain was 6.69±6.46 years. The significant factors influencing sleep quality were depression (β=.45, p=.001), gender (β=-.22, p=.001), disability (β=.21, p=.003), perceived health status (β=-.21, p=.001), duration of back pain (β=-.20, p=.001), self care on back pain (β=-.15, p=.009), basic psychological needs (β=-.15, p=.001), and risk for malnutrition (β=.03, p=.028). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that special attention is required for older women with high levels of depression and disability due to back pain, especially those with pain duration of less than 5 years or greater than 10 years.

Citations

• Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Psychological Factors, Sleep Quality, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in South Korean Older Adults in the Community: A Single-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
  Hyeongyeong Yoon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(4): 509.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper was to develop a stage-matched intervention based on the TransTheoretical Model (TTM) for elderly women with chronic back pain in the contemplation and preparation stage and evaluate its effectiveness.
METHODS
Fifty elderly women with chronic back pain (experimental group, n=25; control group, n=25) was recruited from elderly welfare centers. The research was a nonequivalent control group pre- posttest experimental design. The process of change for exercise, exercise decisional balance, and exercise self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of this program, the dependent variables, back pain and muscle strength, were measured before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the intervention, from May 16 to August 26, 2016. The data were analyzed with the χ2 test, independent t-test, two way repeated measured ANOVA.
RESULTS
The process of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and muscle strength were improved and back pain was decreased in the experimental group as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that the stage-matched intervention was effective for improving the process of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and muscle strength in elderly women with chronic back pain in the contemplation and preparation stage. It's wider implementation in community settings will promise promoted exercise activity among elderly women with chronic back pain.

Citations

• Relationships Between Socioecological Factors and Self-Efficacy to Participate in Physical Activity for Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review
  Mark Vorensky, Stephanie L Orstad, Allison Squires, Susan Parraga, Katherine Byrne, Ericka N Merriwether
  Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of integrated exercise therapy and psychosocial interventions on self-efficacy in patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review.
  Mark Vorensky, Tyler Murray, Andrew F. McGovern, Yera Y. Patel, Smita Rao, Mitchell Batavia
  Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2023; 165: 111126.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was to compare the effects of early ambulation to usual care of late ambulation in patients with transarterial chemoembolization on back pain, discomfort, and puncture site complications.
METHODS
A non-equivalent control pretest-posttest design was used. Total 40 patients were recruited from a gastrointestinal unit of an urban general hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The experimental group began to ambulate after 4 hours of bed rest with a compression bandage after receiving transarterial chemoembolization. The control group stayed in bed with a compression bandage overnight.
RESULTS
Back pain was not significantly different between the two group. The experimental group reported significantly lower discomfort than the control group. There was no incidence of bleeding complications on puncture site between two groups.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that early ambulation with four hours of bed rest after femoral sheet removal did not cause bleeding complications compared to the usual care and even decreased patients' level of discomfort due to bed rest. Repetitive research on the effect of short bed rest is warranted for its clinical utilization.

PURPOSE
This study was to test the effects of the positional change on low back pain, discomfort, and bleeding complications during the period of bed rest following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).
METHODS
The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The participants were 23 patients for the experimental group, and 23 patients for the control group. The experimental group received positional change of taking the semi-Fowler's position and the 30-degree lateral position alternatively during the period of bed rest after TACE for 4 hours at one-hour intervals. The control group maintained the supine position continuously during the period of bed rest after TACE.
RESULTS
There were statistically significant differences in low back pain and discomfort between the experimental and the control group after intervention. And no significant difference was found in bleeding complication between two groups.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study suggest that the positional change is an effective nursing intervention to reduce low back pain and discomfort without increasing the risk of bleeding after TACE.

Citations

• The effect of position change on vital signs, back pain and vascular complications following percutaneous coronary intervention
  Selda Mert Boğa, Seher Deniz Öztekin
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(7-8): 1135.     CrossRef
• The Factors of Pain and Pain Management after Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Se Na Jung, Je In Seon, Kwang Sung Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2017; 17(2): 107.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Position Change on Discomfort and Bleeding after Liver Biopsy
  Mi-Jeong Yun, Hye Sook Min
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(2): 233.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was to explore work experience among nurses with low back pain. Specific aims were to identify problems nurses face as workers at a hospital and how they interact with other workers.
METHODS
Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork with individual in-depth interviews from 9 nurses with low back pain as key informants, and a head nurse and a charge nurse who had experiences working with nurses with low back pain as general informants.
RESULTS
Through constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as "to make one's own ground". The process of "to make one's own ground" was identified as four categories: perception of limitations, intervening conditions, balancing limitations, and controlling limitations. Intervening conditions were identified as 'working conditions' and 'personal traits'.
CONCLUSION
Findings of the study indicate that there is a need for health professionals and administrators to understand limitations to working experience among nurses with low back pain. In addition, institutional and psychological support program is needed to improve an adaptation to working environment among nurses with low back pain.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise program on chronic low back pain, daily living disability and depression in chronic low back pain patients treated with epidural injections.
METHODS
The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The sample was recruited among low back pain patients treated with epidural injections from an orthopedic specialty hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n=25) or a comparison group (n=27). The treatment was a six week exercise program for low back pain. Data were collected from September to November 2011, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, one-tailed t-test for independent samples, and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program.
RESULTS
Patients in the treatment group reported statistically significantly lower levels of back pain on flexion and extension, less daily living disability, and less depression than those in the comparison group.
CONCLUSION
The back pain relief exercise program could be an effective adjunct nursing intervention for low back pain patients treated with epidural injections.

Citations

• The Effects of Comprehensive Education Program on Anxiety, Uncertainty and Athletic Performance of Patients undergo Spinal Nerve Block
  Seon Hee Kim, Eun Sook Lee
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(2): 143.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Back Pain Management Program on Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
  In Ho Shin, Kyung-Sook Cho
  Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(2): 114.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine the effects of bed side exercising on back pain and bleeding during absolute bed rest in patients who had received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).
METHODS
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total 46 patients were sampled from a gastrointestinal unit of a urban general hospital in Seoul. The control group received 8 hours of bed rest and conservative care. The experimental group received 8 hours of bed rest and bed side exercising every one hour from the time having absolute bed rest for 3 hours after TACE.
RESULTS
The experimental group with bed side exercising experienced significantly less back pain compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding complications between two groups.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that a bed side exercising is associated with a reduction of back pain and with no increased risk of bleeding complications in patients after TACE.

Citations

• The Effects of Position Change on Low Back Pain, Discomfort, and Bleeding after Transarterial Chemoembolization
  Mi-Jeong Yun, Hye Sook Min
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 424.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The study was to examine the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise on back pain, physical fitness, sleep, and depression in middle-aged women who have chronic back pain.
METHODS
With one group pre-post test design, 18 subjects who have had more than 6 months of back pain were recruited by convenience sampling in D metropolitan area. Lumbar stabilization exercise was based on Tai Chi for back pain program developed by Lam(2003). This program was mainly focusing on strengthening lumbar stabilizing muscle for one hour per session, twice a week for 20 weeks. Degree of back pain, back pain disability, sleep, and depression were measured at three time points(pretest, 12 weeks, and 20 weeks) by a structured study questionnaire. Physical fitness variables including waist flexibility, mobility, and back muscle strength were measured three times at health promotion center located in the university hospital. Data were analyzed by frequency, descriptive statistics, and repeated measures of ANOVA.
RESULTS
Mean age of subjects was 52 years(SD = 6.4). Most of them(90%) had suffered from back pain more than one year and 67% was taking medicine to relieve their back pain. Results showed that back pain score and disability score were not significantly decreased after the exercise. On physical fitness variables, however, waist flexibility(F = 3.50, p = .04) and mobility(F = 3.31, p = .04) were improved after the exercise. Quality of sleep(F = 4.48, p = .03) was improved gradually and depression scores were also decreased(F = 3.12, p = .05) after the exercise.
CONCLUSION
This lumbar stabilization exercise was not able to reduce chronic back pain, but could improve physical fitness and psycho-social variables for community dwelling women who have chronic back pain. Further study is needed to replicate this exercise with control group to confirm the positive effect.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of balance taping procedures on lower back pain. METHOD: This study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental study. From May in 2004 to July in 2004, the research was done for females who have lower back pain in Gyeonggi province. Experimental group was 37, and control group was 36. The degree of lower back pain and that of the pain on activity of daily living(ADL) were each measured two times. RESULT: In the experimental group, the lower back pain score before taping was 6.38, that of 1 hour after the taping applied was 3.27. The lower back pain score of experimental group was significant statistically decreased and that of control group was almost not changed. Moreover, the pain score on ADL was statistically decreased in experimental group. Therefore balance taping is effective to reduce lower back pain and to improve ability of ADL. CONCLUSION: This study supports that balance taping may benefit individuals with lower back pain and balance taping therapy can be used as an independent nursing intervention. However, a larger study is in need to provide definite evidence and to determine long-term effects.

BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSE: After the coronary angiography procedure, patients are required to remain on bed rest to reduce the risk of bleeding and hematoma formation at the puncture site. This prolonged bed rest in the supine position is difficult for many patients, who frequently complain of low back pain. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a specially designed exercise therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) had an effect on the alleviation of low back pain.
METHOD
Sixty-two patients were assigned to one of three groups: specially designed exercise therapy plus TENS plus general nursing care (exercise group N=21), general nursing care plus TENS (TENS group, N=23) or general nursing care (control group, N=18). The exercise therapy consisted of five movements including stretching, pelvic tilting, knee to chest, modified situps and trunk rotation with minimizing the motion of the puncture site. The severity of low back pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale(VAS) every two hours. The use of analgesic and any development of bleeding or other complications were monitored as well. The level of serum beta-endorphin was determined before and after the three interventions.
RESULT
The pain score of the exercise group was significantly lowered compared to that of the other groups. There was no difference in the serum beta-endorphin level among three groups. Analgesic were less frequently taken by the exercise group. However the incidence of bleeding complications was not significantly different among the three groups.
CONCLUSION
Exercise therapy is more effective than general care or TENS in alleviating low back pain of the patients with coronary angiography.