Purpose
This study aimed to review the effectiveness of delirium education programs for nurses in acute hospitals.
Methods
The inclusion criteria were studies on delirium education programs for nurses published in English and Korean from 2012 to 2022. A literature search was conducted in the RISS, KISS, DBpia, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases using the key words of "delirium", "nurse", and "education". Qualitative appraisal of studies was conducted using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool translated by National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA). For meta-analysis, the effect size of the intervention was calculated as standardized mean difference.
Results
Eighteen studies were selected for the systematic review. While the contents of the education programs were similar, the teaching methods were different. Interventions implemented included traditional learning, e-learning, and blended learning. Teaching methods of delirium education programs for nurses included lecture, discussion, practice, simulation, role-play, and coaching. The systematic review found that delirium education programs for nurses effectively increased post-intervention outcomes in 17 studies. Delirium education programs for nurses have benefits regarding delirium knowledge and performance. In four studies, delirium education program interventions improved delirium nursing performance (95% CI: 0.48~2.44, p=.003).
Conclusion
These results demonstrate the need for a standardized delirium education program. It is recommended that further studies evaluating the patient outcome effects of delirium education programs should be conducted.

Citations

• The influence of delirium knowledge, critical thinking disposition, and compassion competence on delirium nursing performance in general hospital clinical nurses: A cross-sectional descriptive study
  Hyang Sook Lee, Jeong Eun Yang
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(1): 95.     CrossRef
• Educational programs to improve nursing competency of patient- and family-centered care in intensive care units: A systematic review
  Youngshin Joo, Eugene Han, Yeonsoo Jang
  Nurse Education Today.2025; 151: 106699.     CrossRef
• Performance, Knowledge, and Barrier Awareness of Medical Staff Regarding the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Critical Care Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Hyo-Geun Song, Duckhee Chae, Sung-Hee Yoo
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(4): 379.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to synthesize evidence for the association of psychological stress with Telomere Length (TL)-a potential biomarker of cellular aging. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify eligible studies in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and CINHAL. In this review, we included all papers published since the initiative's inception and summarized results as of March 2022. Studies that investigated subjective stress using questionnaires and objective stress using biomarkers of adults (aged≥18 years) were included. Ultimately, 20 studies met our selection criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Fifteen of the twenty studies (75.0%) reported that individuals with higher psychological stress levels had shorter TL. Eleven of sixteen studies (68.8%) measuring subjective stress and five of eight studies (62.5%) measuring objective stress showed significant associations of psychological stress with TL. However, five studies reported no association between psychological stress and TL shortening. Although the heterogeneous studies limited the ability to draw clear conclusions, it is suggested that psychological stress might accelerate the erosion of telomere ends.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that TL could be a useful emerging biomarker for measuring stress-related health outcomes in nursing. Further large-scale longitudinal studies using TL as a genetic biomarker with multidimensional stress measurements are needed to investigate the association between psychological stress and cellular senescence.

Citations

• A biobehavioral theoretical framework based on the mechanism of cellular aging for nursing interventions to promote autonomic balance
  Nahyun Kim, Jooyeon Park
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(2): 99.     CrossRef
• The Understanding and Application of Telomere Length as an Emerging Biomarker in Adult Nursing Research: A Review
  Seolbin Han, Jihee Min, Dae-Kwang Kim, In Deok Kong, Nahyun Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(1): 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aims to determine a hypothetical model concerning factors affecting hospital nurses’compliance with the guidelines of antineoplastic drugs safety management based on the theory of planned behavior.
Methods
Data were collected from 339 nurses managing antineoplastic drugs through an online survey conducted from March 23 to April 2, 2022. The data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 25.0.
Results
The hypothetical model had the goodness of fit indices of χ² =370.13 (df=140, p<.001), CFI=.94, SRMR=.07, and RMSEA=.07. Compliance with the guidelines was significantly influenced by compliance intention. Compliance intention and perceived behavioral controls’ explanatory power was 59.9% to explain compliance with the guidelines. In addition, compliance intention was significantly influenced by perceived behavioral control. Perceived behavioral control, attitude toward behavior, and subjective norm had an explanatory power of 65.2% to explain compliance intention. Moreover, perceived behavioral control was influenced by the knowledge of antineoplastic drugs safety management.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that for promoting hospital nurses’ compliance with the antineoplastic drugs safety management guidelines, an intervention strategy is required to enhance compliance intention, perceived behavior control, and antineoplastic drugs safety management knowledge.

Citations

• Factors Affecting Radiation Protective Behaviors in Perioperative Nurses Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior: Path Analysis
  Se Young Jang, Hee Sun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Young Man Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(2): 222.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of spiritual well-being on the cognitive function of elderly people, focusing on the mediating effects of health-promoting behaviors and depression.
Methods
Using convenience sampling, 136 elderly people were recruited from October 2018 through February 2019 for a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected through the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Geriatric Depression Scale, Everyday Cognition, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Mediation analysis was also conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS macro (Model 4).
Results
The mean scores for spiritual well-being, health-promoting behaviors, depression, objective cognitive function, and subjective cognitive function were 60.96, 108.09, 18.58, 19.49, and 63.35. The mediation effects in step 1 indicated that spiritual well-being had a statistically significant positive effect on health-promoting behaviors (B=0.32, p<.001) (R² =32.0%) and a significant negative effect on depression (B=-0.09, p=.001) (R² =31.0%). In step 2, spiritual well-being had a significant negative effect on subjective cognitive function (B=-0.12, p=.007) (R² =23.0%). In step 3, the direct effect of spiritual well-being on subjective cognitive function was not significant when the mediating variables (healthpromoting behaviors and depression) were introduced. Health-promoting behaviors (B=-0.18, p=.047) and depression (B=0.41, p=.008) had complete mediating effects on the relationship between spiritual well-being and subjective cognitive function.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that there is a need to develop and implement nursing strategies that can improve spiritual well-being, and to develop a holistic nursing intervention that considers depression and health-promoting behaviors, when applicable, to improve cognitive function in elderly people.

Citations

• Analysis of the Domestic Research Trends on Spiritual Health
  Gyeong-Hye Choi
  Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2023; 8(2): 189.     CrossRef

Purpose
It is necessary for nurses who perform tasks related to life-sustaining treatment to play a supporting role in the decision-making process of life-sustaining treatment for patients and guardians based on their knowledge of decisions and implementation, such as cessation of life-sustaining treatment. Therefore, the Knowledge Scale of the Life-Sustaining Treatment (KS-LST) was developed and reliability and validity were verified.
Methods
Our methodological study aimed at developing tools to measure the knowledge of nurses´ life-saving medical decision system and to verify their reliability and validity. To this end, preliminary questions were constructed through literature review. In this regard, content validity, face validity, k-group comparison, and composition validity through item analysis were verified, and reliability was derived from KR-20.
Results
A total of 26 questions were derived from the 35 preliminary questions through content validity and facial validity; depending on whether they were educated or not, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=.004). The final 23 questions were derived by deleting 3 questions with low discrimination, and KR-20 was .62.
Conclusion
Using the KS-LST that was developed through this study, we can measure the nurses´ knowledge of the life-sustaining medical decision system and provide education in the deficient areas. We expect nurses with accurate knowledge to provide accurate information to patients and caregivers to help patients make the right choices.

Citations

• Knowledge, Attitudes and Nursing Stress Related to Life-Sustaining Treatment among Oncology Nurses
  Seul Lee, Suyoun Hong, Sojung Park, Soojung Lim
  The Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2023; 26(3): 112.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the impact of health literacy, self-efficacy, and social support on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Korean patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).
Methods
A cross-sectional design was used, and a total of 189 participants were enrolled. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and patient medical records between September and November of 2021. Health literacy, self-efficacy, social support, and HRQoL were measured. The HRQoL was measured using the 12-item Short Form Survey, which included Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0 program.
Results
The findings revealed statistically significant differences in the PCS according to gender, presence of hypertension, exercise, and sleep state. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in the MCS according to disease period and stress management. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that higher social support was a significant factor of better PCS (p<.005). Higher health literacy, self-efficacy, and social support were significant factors of better MCS (p<.005).
Conclusion
Nurses should play a key role in providing social support to ACS patients, particularly to female patients and patients with hypertension and poor sleep state and no regular exercise for better PCS. Also, nurses should think about how to promote health literacy, self-efficacy, and social support for better MCS, particularly in ACS patients who had undergone PCI, had longer diagnosis periods, and had no stress management.

Citations

• Influence of self-efficacy in health management and resilience on treatment compliance in Korean patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a descriptive survey study
  Mi-Ra Jung, Eun Jeong, Kyung Sim Lee, Jang Hyun Cho
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(2): 266.     CrossRef
• Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Social Support on the Relationship Between eHealth Literacy and Self-Care Competency in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Eunhee Jo, Su-Jin Lee, Sun Hee Han
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(3): 325.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a self-care education program using a QR-Code on self-efficacy, self-care performance, and education satisfaction among pneumothorax patients after discharge from a hospital.
Methods
The participants comprised 60 inpatients diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and operated on at a tertiary general hospital in G city. The experimental group (n=30) attended a self-nursing education program using handouts and a QR-Code, and the control group (n=30) was provided discharge education through existing handouts. χ² test, fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA were performed to analyze the collected data using the SPSS 26.0 version program.
Results
After three weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy (t=-4.50, p<.001) and self-care performance (t=-5.54, p<.001). The experimental group also showed significant increases in self-efficacy (F=37.72, p<.001) and self-care performance over time (F=52.00, p<.001). and reported significantly higher education satisfaction compared to the control group (t=-6.84, p<.001).
Conclusion
QR-Code-based self-care education increases self-efficacy, self-care performance, and education satisfaction among pneumothorax patients. Thus, this program can be used as an effective nursing intervention to maintain and improve the health of pneumothorax patients.

Citations

• Effects of a video-based enteral nutrition education program using QR codes for intensive care unit nurses: a quasi-experimental study
  Won Kee Seo, Hyunjung Kim
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(1): 16.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Chemotherapy Education Reflecting Educational Needs on Self-Care Knowledge and Performance in Female Cancer Patients: A Non-Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design
  Jin Hee Jun, Se-Na Lee
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2024; 24(3): 103.     CrossRef