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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of life (QoL) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their and caregivers and its influencing factors. METHODS A descriptive research design was used. 211 pairs of AD patients and their caregivers were recruited from a neurology outpatient clinic of S medical center in Seoul, Korea. Caregivers completed several structured questionnaires regarding AD patients' QoL as well as their QoL, patients' behavioral and psychological symptoms, patients' activities of daily living (ADL), social support, and quality of relationship between AD patients and caregivers. Cognitive status of AD patients was assessed by the researchers using Korean Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS The scores of QoL were 26.91 for AD patients and 85.62 for their caregivers. In the multiple regression, factors associated with AD patients' QoL were the quality of relationship (β=.44), ADL (β=-.33), patient's age (β=.20), caregivers' QoL (β=.20), and patient's gender (β=.11). Factors associated with caregivers' QoL were the quality of relationship (β=.34), relationship (β=.32), patient's QoL (β=.26), caregivers' gender (β=.18), social support (β=.12), and the level of caregivers' education (β=.12). CONCLUSION To improve the QoL in AD patients and their caregivers, strategies to promote their quality of relationship are needed.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of fatigue and distress on self-efficacy among breast cancer survivors and to provide a base for development of nursing intervention strategy to improve self-efficacy. METHODS A descriptive research design was used. The subjects were 158 patients who were either being treated or were receiving follow-up care at a university breast center in D City from May 30 to August 30, 2014. Structured questionnaires, Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Distress Thermometer, and Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer were used to measure fatigue, distress, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. RESULTS The mean scores of fatigue, distress, and self-efficacy were 3.83, 4.31, and 3.77, respectively. There were significant differences among participants in terms of educational background, current treatment methods, perceived health status, economic burden for fatigue and perceived health status for distress. Self-efficacy was impacted by age, educational background, marital status, average monthly income, perceived health status, and medical expenses. Fatigue, age, and the burden on medical expense had the most impact on self-efficacy, accounting for 17% of the variance. CONCLUSION Fatigue should be managed to improve self-efficacy of breast cancer survivors. Therefore, nursing programs designed to decrease fatigue may be helpful.
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PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to identify nurses' empathy, attitude and pain management for patients with dementia and the factors associated with their performance of pain management. METHODS The study design was a cross-sectional survey. The participants in the study were 114 nurses working at 12 geriatric hospitals. This study utilized the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which measures four empathy factors. Nurses' attitudes toward pain and performance of pain management, and general and pain related characteristics were measured by self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS Barriers to pain management for patients with dementia were absence of guidelines, prejudice of pain in dementia, and lack of time and knowledge deficit. There was a significant positive correlation between empathic concern and attitudes, perspective-taking of empathy and pain management. There was also a correlation between empathy and pain management. Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that the significant factors affecting the performance of pain management included perspective-taking of empathy, use of pain management in dementia guideline and attitudes toward pain. These factors explained 24.0% of variance. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that empathy and positive attitude are the important provider attributes which needs to be enhanced by educational programs. It is also necessary to develop and disseminate guidelines for a dementia specific pain management.
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PURPOSE This study was designed to identify the structural relationships among psychosocial variables related to sick role behavioral compliance among patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS The subjects were 476 patients from seven major hospitals and twelve dialysis centers located in D and P cities. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Data analysis was done by using SPSS/WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs for structural equation modeling, to estimate the hypothesized model. RESULTS This findings support that a modified path model is efficient and appropriate to explain sick role behavioral compliance among hemodialysis patients. These factors account for 80.1% of the variance of sick-role behavioral compliance among hemodialysis patients. The variables having direct effect on sick role behavioral compliance were knowledge related to hemodialysis, social support, attitude, self-efficacy and intention. CONCLUSION The modified model explains the integration process of psychosocial and behavior variables for sick-role behavioral compliance among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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PURPOSE This study examined knowledge about cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and its relationship to health behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal women were recruited from outpatient departments of four hospitals. The women were 60.69±6.5 years old. Self-reported questionnaires were administered, and waist-hip ratios (WHR) were measured. RESULTS Among the women, 72.8% reported hypertension, 19.1% reported diabetes, 33.8% reported hypercholesterolemia, and 24.2% reported angina pectoris. Moreover, 73.9% of the women reported not knowing of CVD prevention, and only 26.1% reported exercising regularly. A majority of the women (80.9%) had a WHR > 0.85. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age and marital status indicated that the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke increased (p<.001). Waist-hip ratio≤0.85 (p=.022) and living with family members (p=.006) were significant predictors of healthier behaviors (R²=0.21, p<.001). Knowledge of CVD and health behaviors were not correlated. CONCLUSION Obese women and women who live alone are no more likely to practice health behaviors aimed at CVD prevention than their counterparts in the sample. Education and exercise interventions are needed, especially for obese women, to promote healthy behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of auricular acupressure on pruritus and fatigue in hemodialysis patients. METHODS The study design was a randomized control group pre-post test. Initially, forty- four patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. There was a loss of three participants assigned to the treatment group. The period of data collection was from December 2014 to March 2015. Both groups completed a pre-test. The treatment group received auricular acupressure once a week for ten weeks. Data were collected from the treatment group at two time periods: five weeks and ten weeks following initiation of the treatment protocol. Data were collected from the control group at week 5 and week 10. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 program, specifically with the independent t-test and the Repeated Measures of ANOVA. RESULTS Auricular acupressure was effective in reducing pruritus (F=13.93, p<.001) and fatigue (F=18.33, p<.001). CONCLUSION Auricular acupressure is a non-invasive simple method that can be used for the relief of symptoms reported by hemodialysis patients. This treatment modality could be used in several clinical areas.
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PURPOSE This study was designed to describe the effects of a nursing simulation focused on patients with cardiac arrest. The study was designed to measure knowledge, self-confidence, critical thinking, and clinical performance ability of nursing students. METHODS A non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used. Thirty students in the experimental group received two hours of pre-learning and three hours of skill and simulation practice. Another thirty students in the experimental group received a two hour conventional lecture and three hours for skill practice. The post survey was completed by both groups. RESULTS Students in the experiemetal group scored significantly higher than students in control group. The critical thinking disposition was not significantly different between the two groups of students. CONCLUSION The results indicate that a simulation education program is more effective in a number of areas including knowledge, self-confidence, and clinical performance. It is recommended that simulation education should be expanded to various clinical situations.
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PURPOSE This comparative descriptive study was to identify gender differences in delay seeking treatment and related experiences in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS Ninety-seven participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital. RESULTS Mean age of 47 women was 71.5±13.3 while that of men was 55.0±10.9 (p<.001). More women lived alone and were jobless, less educated, and poorer than men. Men were likely to be 'current smokers' and drink alcohol, however viewed themselves healthier than women (p=.030). Women's hospital stay was 9.23±21.04 days while men's was 4.86±2.72 days (p=.014). More women had been diagnosed with hypertension (p=.040). Women appeared to report significantly less pain (6.46±3.1) than men (8.44±1.8). More men described their pain as sudden onset (p=.015) and chest pain as major symptom (p=.034) than women. More women were found alone upon onset of symptoms (p=.023) and had important reasons for delay seeking treatment (p=.021) than men. Median time from onset of symptoms to seeking medical service was 1.5 hours for men and 5.1 hours for women (p=.003). Median time taken from onset of symptoms to hospital for therapy was 3.5 hours for men and 9.1 hours for women (p=.019). CONCLUSION This study findings that women reported less pain and delayed in seeking treatment, suggest needs for strategies targeting women at risk of AMI.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore self-management support experiences among breast cancer survivors. METHODS Individual in-depth interviews were performed for survivors who had treated breast cancer after completion of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Data were collected from April 2014 to July 2014 and analyzed using phenomenological method by Colaizzi. RESULTS Five essential themes were found as follows: 1) Need for continuous help and support to maintain self-management, 2) Need for professional resources to carry out regular exercise, 3) Overcoming psychological difficulties through others rather than health care professionals, 4) Disappointment with time with and circumstances of health care consultation, 5) Dependence on means of media for health related information. CONCLUSION The results might contribute to an understanding of self-management support experienced by breast cancer survivors in Korea. It is suggested that evidence-based program for self-management support should be developed and applied to nursing intervention for breast cancer survivors.
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