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The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals
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Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

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Original Article

The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

Hye Jin Lee1, Kye Ha Kim2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(6):642-652.
Published online: December 31, 2014

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Corresponding author: Kim, Kye Ha Department of Nursing, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. Tel: +82-62-230-6326, Fax: +82-62-230-6329, E-mail: kyehakim@hanmail.net
• Received: September 12, 2014   • Accepted: December 2, 2014

Copyright © 2014 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to compare the role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners and performance of gerontological nursing by nurses in long term care hospitals and general hospitals.
  • Methods
    Subjects were 200 nurses; 100 nurses from long term care hospitals where as 100 nurses from general hospitals. The subjects completed a questionnaire on general characteristics, role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners, and performance of gerontological nursing by nurses. Data were collected from February to March 2013 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 version program in order to perform descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
  • Results
    Results indicated that there were significant differences in the role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners and performance of gerontological nursing between nurses from long term care hospitals and those from general hospitals.
  • Conclusion
    Nurses in general hospitals showed significantly higher role expectations than nurses in long term care hospitals. Therefore it is necessary to spread the knowledge on the roles of gerontological nurse practitioners and the nurse practitioners system to nurses in long term care hospitals.
  • Key Words: Nurse practitioners; Role; Behavior
Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=200)
Characteristics Categories Long term care hospital (n=100) General hospital (n=100)
n (%) n (%)
Age (year) 20~29 25 (25.0) 46 (46.0)
30~39 32 (32.0) 37 (37.0)
≥40 43 (43.0) 17 (17.0)
Gender† Male 9 (9.0) 0 (0.0)
Female 91 (91.0) 100 (100.0)
Religion Christian 31 (31.0) 20 (20.0)
Catholic 12 (12.0) 23 (23.0)
Buddhism 11 (11.0) 16 (16.0)
None 46 (46.0) 41 (41.0)
Marital status Married 58 (58.0) 35 (35.0)
Single 42 (42.0) 65 (65.0)
Educational level College 72 (72.0) 32 (32.0)
Graduate degree 28 (28.0) 68 (68.0)
Duration of work as a nurse (year) ＜1 5 (5.0) 11 (11.0)
≥1~5 32 (32.0) 31 (31.0)
≥5~10 40 (40.0) 24 (24.0)
＞10 23 (23.0) 34 (34.0)
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year) ＜1 22 (22.0) 12 (12.0)
≥1~5 61 (61.0) 31 (31.0)
＞5 17 (17.0) 57 (57.0)
Position Staff nurse 84 (84.0) 97 (97.0)
Head nurse 16 (16.0) 3 (3.0)
Cognition of the GNP system Yes 53 (53.0) 74 (74.0)
No 47 (47.0) 26 (26.0)
Need for the GNP system Necessary 41 (41.0) 63 (63.0)
Sometimes 59 (59.0) 37 (37.0)
Facilities that require GNP Long term care hospital 59 (59.0) 50 (50.0)
Long term care facility 35 (35.0) 35 (35.0)
Others 6 (6.0) 15 (15.0)
Inactive reasons for the GNP system Lack of legal system 56 (56.0) 61 (61.0)
A small salary 22 (22.0) 13 (13.0)
Others 22 (22.0) 26 (26.0)

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

†Fisher exact test.

Table 2.
The Role-expectations on GNP perceived by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)
Duty Long term care hospital (n=100) General hospital (n=100) t p
M±SD M±SD
Application of professional nursing practice 3.17±0.33 3.23±0.37 -1.27 .206
Education & consultation 3.09±0.45 3.24±0.46 -2.24 .026
Advice & cooperation 3.11±0.50 3.17±0.51 -0.94 .349
Leadership 3.13±0.50 3.26±0.56 -1.73 .086
Research 3.01±0.50 3.20±0.56 -2.55 .012
Management & utilization of resource 2.95±0.54 3.13±0.58 -2.30 .022
Table 3.
The Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)
Duty Long term care hospital (n=100) General hospital (n=100) t p
M±SD M±SD
Application of professional nursing practice 0.72±0.21 0.57±0.20 4.91 ＜.001
Education & consultation 0.49±0.37 0.33±0.29 3.38 .001
Advice & cooperation 0.38±0.38 0.23±0.28 3.24 .001
Leadership 0.31±0.33 0.15±0.24 3.86 ＜.001
Research 0.11±0.27 0.07±0.21 1.20 .233
Management & utilization of resource 0.36±0.37 0.10±0.20 6.27 ＜.001
Table 4.
The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the Long term Care Hospital (N=200)
Characteristics Categories Role-expectations Performance
M±SD t or F Scheffe M±SD t or F Scheffe
Age (year) 20~29 3.18±0.39 0.59 0.57±0.23 0.01
30~39 3.08±0.37 0.56±0.21
≥40 3.13±0.32 0.57±0.23
Gender† Male 3.04±0.24 -0.80 0.71±0.22 2.04*
Female 3.14±0.36 0.55±0.22
Religion Christian 3.01±0.23 2.34 0.55±0.25 0.49
Catholic 3.13±0.42 0.63±0.24
Buddhism 3.09±0.31 0.54±0.22
None 3.21±0.39 0.57±0.20
Marital status Married 3.13±0.31 0.12 0.57±0.23 0.28
Single/divorced 3.12±0.41 0.56±0.22
Educational level College 3.09±0.31 -1.57 0.56±0.23 -0.90
Graduate degree 3.23±0.43 0.60±0.20
Duration of work as a nurse (year) ＜1 2.96±0.07 0.66 0.56±0.22 0.05
≥1~5 3.10±0.32 0.56±0.25
≥5~10 3.13±0.40 0.58±0.23
＞10 3.19±0.34 0.57±0.17
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year) ＜1 3.20±0.33 0.85 0.58±0.22 0.04
≥1~5 3.09±0.34 0.57±0.23
＞5 3.16±0.42 0.57±0.20
Position Staff nurse 3.13±0.36 -0.05 0.56±0.23 -1.14
Head nurse 3.13±0.29 0.63±0.18
Cognition of the GNP system Yes 3.19±0.40 1.93 0.61±0.19 1.83
No 3.06±0.27 0.53±0.24
Need for the GNP system Necessary 3.13±0.35 0.74 0.63±0.23 2.16*
Sometimes 3.12±0.36 0.53±0.21
Facilities that require GNP Long-term care hospital 3.12±0.34 1.16 0.57±0.22 0.34
Long-term care facility 3.16±0.38 0.55±0.22
Others 2.93±0.23 0.63±0.24
Inactive reasons for the GNP system Lack of legal systema 3.15±0.37 0.31 0.60±0.22 4.63*
A small salaryb 3.09±0.22 0.45±0.20 a＞b
Othersc 3.10±0.41 0.61±0.20

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

*p＜.05,

**p＜.01.

Table 5.
The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the General Hospital (N=100)
Characteristics Categories Role-expectations Performance
M±SD t or F M±SD t or F
Age (year) 20~29 3.26±0.31 1.19 0.44±0.20 0.85
30~39 3.24±0.48 0.39±0.17
≥40 3.09±0.30 0.44±0.23
Religion Christian 3.07±0.39 1.48 0.39±0.16 0.30
Catholic 3.29±0.35 0.43±0.21
Buddhism 3.23±0.34 0.40±0.19
None 3.26±0.41 0.44±0.20
Marital status Married 3.14±0.41 -1.54 0.41±0.21 -0.25
Single/divorced 3.27±0.37 0.42±0.19
Educational level College 3.20±0.25 -0.52 0.40±0.18 -0.72
Graduate degree 3.23±0.43 0.43±0.20
Duration of work as a nurse (year) ＜1 3.12±0.26 0.57 0.37±0.15 0.57
≥1~5 3.27±0.32 0.45±0.21
≥5~10 3.26±0.45 0.43±0.16
＞10 3.19±0.42 0.40±0.21
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year) ＜1 3.18±0.29 0.10 0.40±0.20 0.15
≥1~5 3.22±0.30 0.43±0.19
＞5 3.23±0.44 0.42±0.20
Position Staff nurse 3.21±0.38 -1.72 0.41±0.18 -2.95*
Head nurse 3.60±0.40 0.73±0.25
Cognition of the GNP system Yes 3.23±0.40 0.37 0.43±0.20 0.96
No 3.20±0.33 0.39±0.17
Need for the GNP system Necessary 3.25±0.38 1.05 0.41±0.19 -0.54
Sometimes 3.17±0.40 0.43±0.20
Facilities that require GNP Long-term care hospital 3.25±0.35 0.51 0.43±0.20 0.23
Long-term care facility 3.17±0.43 0.42±0.20
Others 3.24±0.40 0.39±0.15
Inactive reasons for the GNP system Lack of legal system 3.20±0.41 0.41 0.43±0.18 0.35
A small salary 3.20±0.24 0.41±0.23
Others 3.28±0.38 0.39±0.19

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

*p＜.05.

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    The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(6):642-652.   Published online December 31, 2014
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.642
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    The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(6):642-652.   Published online December 31, 2014
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.642
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    The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals
    The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

    General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=200)

    Characteristics Categories Long term care hospital (n=100) General hospital (n=100)
    n (%) n (%)
    Age (year) 20~29 25 (25.0) 46 (46.0)
    30~39 32 (32.0) 37 (37.0)
    ≥40 43 (43.0) 17 (17.0)
    Gender† Male 9 (9.0) 0 (0.0)
    Female 91 (91.0) 100 (100.0)
    Religion Christian 31 (31.0) 20 (20.0)
    Catholic 12 (12.0) 23 (23.0)
    Buddhism 11 (11.0) 16 (16.0)
    None 46 (46.0) 41 (41.0)
    Marital status Married 58 (58.0) 35 (35.0)
    Single 42 (42.0) 65 (65.0)
    Educational level College 72 (72.0) 32 (32.0)
    Graduate degree 28 (28.0) 68 (68.0)
    Duration of work as a nurse (year) ＜1 5 (5.0) 11 (11.0)
    ≥1~5 32 (32.0) 31 (31.0)
    ≥5~10 40 (40.0) 24 (24.0)
    ＞10 23 (23.0) 34 (34.0)
    Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year) ＜1 22 (22.0) 12 (12.0)
    ≥1~5 61 (61.0) 31 (31.0)
    ＞5 17 (17.0) 57 (57.0)
    Position Staff nurse 84 (84.0) 97 (97.0)
    Head nurse 16 (16.0) 3 (3.0)
    Cognition of the GNP system Yes 53 (53.0) 74 (74.0)
    No 47 (47.0) 26 (26.0)
    Need for the GNP system Necessary 41 (41.0) 63 (63.0)
    Sometimes 59 (59.0) 37 (37.0)
    Facilities that require GNP Long term care hospital 59 (59.0) 50 (50.0)
    Long term care facility 35 (35.0) 35 (35.0)
    Others 6 (6.0) 15 (15.0)
    Inactive reasons for the GNP system Lack of legal system 56 (56.0) 61 (61.0)
    A small salary 22 (22.0) 13 (13.0)
    Others 22 (22.0) 26 (26.0)

    GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

    †Fisher exact test.

    The Role-expectations on GNP perceived by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

    Duty Long term care hospital (n=100) General hospital (n=100) t p
    M±SD M±SD
    Application of professional nursing practice 3.17±0.33 3.23±0.37 -1.27 .206
    Education & consultation 3.09±0.45 3.24±0.46 -2.24 .026
    Advice & cooperation 3.11±0.50 3.17±0.51 -0.94 .349
    Leadership 3.13±0.50 3.26±0.56 -1.73 .086
    Research 3.01±0.50 3.20±0.56 -2.55 .012
    Management & utilization of resource 2.95±0.54 3.13±0.58 -2.30 .022

    The Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

    Duty Long term care hospital (n=100) General hospital (n=100) t p
    M±SD M±SD
    Application of professional nursing practice 0.72±0.21 0.57±0.20 4.91 ＜.001
    Education & consultation 0.49±0.37 0.33±0.29 3.38 .001
    Advice & cooperation 0.38±0.38 0.23±0.28 3.24 .001
    Leadership 0.31±0.33 0.15±0.24 3.86 ＜.001
    Research 0.11±0.27 0.07±0.21 1.20 .233
    Management & utilization of resource 0.36±0.37 0.10±0.20 6.27 ＜.001

    The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the Long term Care Hospital (N=200)

    Characteristics Categories Role-expectations Performance
    M±SD t or F Scheffe M±SD t or F Scheffe
    Age (year) 20~29 3.18±0.39 0.59 0.57±0.23 0.01
    30~39 3.08±0.37 0.56±0.21
    ≥40 3.13±0.32 0.57±0.23
    Gender† Male 3.04±0.24 -0.80 0.71±0.22 2.04*
    Female 3.14±0.36 0.55±0.22
    Religion Christian 3.01±0.23 2.34 0.55±0.25 0.49
    Catholic 3.13±0.42 0.63±0.24
    Buddhism 3.09±0.31 0.54±0.22
    None 3.21±0.39 0.57±0.20
    Marital status Married 3.13±0.31 0.12 0.57±0.23 0.28
    Single/divorced 3.12±0.41 0.56±0.22
    Educational level College 3.09±0.31 -1.57 0.56±0.23 -0.90
    Graduate degree 3.23±0.43 0.60±0.20
    Duration of work as a nurse (year) ＜1 2.96±0.07 0.66 0.56±0.22 0.05
    ≥1~5 3.10±0.32 0.56±0.25
    ≥5~10 3.13±0.40 0.58±0.23
    ＞10 3.19±0.34 0.57±0.17
    Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year) ＜1 3.20±0.33 0.85 0.58±0.22 0.04
    ≥1~5 3.09±0.34 0.57±0.23
    ＞5 3.16±0.42 0.57±0.20
    Position Staff nurse 3.13±0.36 -0.05 0.56±0.23 -1.14
    Head nurse 3.13±0.29 0.63±0.18
    Cognition of the GNP system Yes 3.19±0.40 1.93 0.61±0.19 1.83
    No 3.06±0.27 0.53±0.24
    Need for the GNP system Necessary 3.13±0.35 0.74 0.63±0.23 2.16*
    Sometimes 3.12±0.36 0.53±0.21
    Facilities that require GNP Long-term care hospital 3.12±0.34 1.16 0.57±0.22 0.34
    Long-term care facility 3.16±0.38 0.55±0.22
    Others 2.93±0.23 0.63±0.24
    Inactive reasons for the GNP system Lack of legal systema 3.15±0.37 0.31 0.60±0.22 4.63*
    A small salaryb 3.09±0.22 0.45±0.20 a＞b
    Othersc 3.10±0.41 0.61±0.20

    GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

    *p＜.05,

    **p＜.01.

    The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the General Hospital (N=100)

    Characteristics Categories Role-expectations Performance
    M±SD t or F M±SD t or F
    Age (year) 20~29 3.26±0.31 1.19 0.44±0.20 0.85
    30~39 3.24±0.48 0.39±0.17
    ≥40 3.09±0.30 0.44±0.23
    Religion Christian 3.07±0.39 1.48 0.39±0.16 0.30
    Catholic 3.29±0.35 0.43±0.21
    Buddhism 3.23±0.34 0.40±0.19
    None 3.26±0.41 0.44±0.20
    Marital status Married 3.14±0.41 -1.54 0.41±0.21 -0.25
    Single/divorced 3.27±0.37 0.42±0.19
    Educational level College 3.20±0.25 -0.52 0.40±0.18 -0.72
    Graduate degree 3.23±0.43 0.43±0.20
    Duration of work as a nurse (year) ＜1 3.12±0.26 0.57 0.37±0.15 0.57
    ≥1~5 3.27±0.32 0.45±0.21
    ≥5~10 3.26±0.45 0.43±0.16
    ＞10 3.19±0.42 0.40±0.21
    Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year) ＜1 3.18±0.29 0.10 0.40±0.20 0.15
    ≥1~5 3.22±0.30 0.43±0.19
    ＞5 3.23±0.44 0.42±0.20
    Position Staff nurse 3.21±0.38 -1.72 0.41±0.18 -2.95*
    Head nurse 3.60±0.40 0.73±0.25
    Cognition of the GNP system Yes 3.23±0.40 0.37 0.43±0.20 0.96
    No 3.20±0.33 0.39±0.17
    Need for the GNP system Necessary 3.25±0.38 1.05 0.41±0.19 -0.54
    Sometimes 3.17±0.40 0.43±0.20
    Facilities that require GNP Long-term care hospital 3.25±0.35 0.51 0.43±0.20 0.23
    Long-term care facility 3.17±0.43 0.42±0.20
    Others 3.24±0.40 0.39±0.15
    Inactive reasons for the GNP system Lack of legal system 3.20±0.41 0.41 0.43±0.18 0.35
    A small salary 3.20±0.24 0.41±0.23
    Others 3.28±0.38 0.39±0.19

    GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

    *p＜.05.
    Table 1. General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=200)

    GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

    Fisher exact test.

    Table 2. The Role-expectations on GNP perceived by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

    Table 3. The Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

    Table 4. The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the Long term Care Hospital (N=200)

    GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

    *p＜.05,

    **p＜.01.

    Table 5. The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the General Hospital (N=100)

    GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

    *p＜.05.

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

    Table 5.

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