The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

Hye Jin Lee; Kye Ha Kim

doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.642

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The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

Hye Jin Lee¹, Kye Ha Kim²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(6):642-652.
Published online: December 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.642

¹Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju

²Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Kye Ha Department of Nursing, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. Tel: +82-62-230-6326, Fax: +82-62-230-6329, E-mail: kyehakim@hanmail.net

• Received: September 12, 2014 • Accepted: December 2, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners and performance of gerontological nursing by nurses in long term care hospitals and general hospitals.
Methods
Subjects were 200 nurses; 100 nurses from long term care hospitals where as 100 nurses from general hospitals. The subjects completed a questionnaire on general characteristics, role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners, and performance of gerontological nursing by nurses. Data were collected from February to March 2013 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 version program in order to perform descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
Results
Results indicated that there were significant differences in the role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners and performance of gerontological nursing between nurses from long term care hospitals and those from general hospitals.
Conclusion
Nurses in general hospitals showed significantly higher role expectations than nurses in long term care hospitals. Therefore it is necessary to spread the knowledge on the roles of gerontological nurse practitioners and the nurse practitioners system to nurses in long term care hospitals.
Key Words: Nurse practitioners; Role; Behavior

Table 1.

General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=200)

Characteristics	Categories	Long term care hospital (n=100)	General hospital (n=100)
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)
Age (year)	20~29	25 (25.0)	46 (46.0)
	30~39	32 (32.0)	37 (37.0)
	≥40	43 (43.0)	17 (17.0)
Gender^†	Male	9 (9.0)	0 (0.0)
Gender^†	Female	91 (91.0)	100 (100.0)
Religion	Christian	31 (31.0)	20 (20.0)
	Catholic	12 (12.0)	23 (23.0)
	Buddhism	11 (11.0)	16 (16.0)
	None	46 (46.0)	41 (41.0)
Marital status	Married	58 (58.0)	35 (35.0)
Marital status	Single	42 (42.0)	65 (65.0)
Educational level	College	72 (72.0)	32 (32.0)
Educational level	Graduate degree	28 (28.0)	68 (68.0)
Duration of work as a nurse (year)	＜1	5 (5.0)	11 (11.0)
	≥1~5	32 (32.0)	31 (31.0)
	≥5~10	40 (40.0)	24 (24.0)
	＞10	23 (23.0)	34 (34.0)
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year)	＜1	22 (22.0)	12 (12.0)
	≥1~5	61 (61.0)	31 (31.0)
	＞5	17 (17.0)	57 (57.0)
Position	Staff nurse	84 (84.0)	97 (97.0)
Position	Head nurse	16 (16.0)	3 (3.0)
Cognition of the GNP system	Yes	53 (53.0)	74 (74.0)
Cognition of the GNP system	No	47 (47.0)	26 (26.0)
Need for the GNP system	Necessary	41 (41.0)	63 (63.0)
Need for the GNP system	Sometimes	59 (59.0)	37 (37.0)
Facilities that require GNP	Long term care hospital	59 (59.0)	50 (50.0)
	Long term care facility	35 (35.0)	35 (35.0)
	Others	6 (6.0)	15 (15.0)
Inactive reasons for the GNP system	Lack of legal system	56 (56.0)	61 (61.0)
	A small salary	22 (22.0)	13 (13.0)
	Others	22 (22.0)	26 (26.0)

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^†Fisher exact test.

Table 2.

The Role-expectations on GNP perceived by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

Duty	Long term care hospital (n=100)	General hospital (n=100)	t	p
Duty	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Application of professional nursing practice	3.17±0.33	3.23±0.37	-1.27	.206
Education & consultation	3.09±0.45	3.24±0.46	-2.24	.026
Advice & cooperation	3.11±0.50	3.17±0.51	-0.94	.349
Leadership	3.13±0.50	3.26±0.56	-1.73	.086
Research	3.01±0.50	3.20±0.56	-2.55	.012
Management & utilization of resource	2.95±0.54	3.13±0.58	-2.30	.022

Table 3.

The Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

Duty	Long term care hospital (n=100)	General hospital (n=100)	t	p
Duty	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Application of professional nursing practice	0.72±0.21	0.57±0.20	4.91	＜.001
Education & consultation	0.49±0.37	0.33±0.29	3.38	.001
Advice & cooperation	0.38±0.38	0.23±0.28	3.24	.001
Leadership	0.31±0.33	0.15±0.24	3.86	＜.001
Research	0.11±0.27	0.07±0.21	1.20	.233
Management & utilization of resource	0.36±0.37	0.10±0.20	6.27	＜.001

Table 4.

The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the Long term Care Hospital (N=200)

Characteristics	Categories	Role-expectations		Performance
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F Scheffe	M±SD	t or F Scheffe
Age (year)	20~29	3.18±0.39	0.59	0.57±0.23	0.01
	30~39	3.08±0.37		0.56±0.21
	≥40	3.13±0.32		0.57±0.23
Gender^†	Male	3.04±0.24	-0.80	0.71±0.22	2.04^*
Gender^†	Female	3.14±0.36	-0.80	0.55±0.22	2.04^*
Religion	Christian	3.01±0.23	2.34	0.55±0.25	0.49
	Catholic	3.13±0.42		0.63±0.24
	Buddhism	3.09±0.31		0.54±0.22
	None	3.21±0.39		0.57±0.20
Marital status	Married	3.13±0.31	0.12	0.57±0.23	0.28
Marital status	Single/divorced	3.12±0.41	0.12	0.56±0.22	0.28
Educational level	College	3.09±0.31	-1.57	0.56±0.23	-0.90
Educational level	Graduate degree	3.23±0.43	-1.57	0.60±0.20	-0.90
Duration of work as a nurse (year)	＜1	2.96±0.07	0.66	0.56±0.22	0.05
	≥1~5	3.10±0.32		0.56±0.25
	≥5~10	3.13±0.40		0.58±0.23
	＞10	3.19±0.34		0.57±0.17
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year)	＜1	3.20±0.33	0.85	0.58±0.22	0.04
	≥1~5	3.09±0.34		0.57±0.23
	＞5	3.16±0.42		0.57±0.20
Position	Staff nurse	3.13±0.36	-0.05	0.56±0.23	-1.14
Position	Head nurse	3.13±0.29	-0.05	0.63±0.18	-1.14
Cognition of the GNP system	Yes	3.19±0.40	1.93	0.61±0.19	1.83
Cognition of the GNP system	No	3.06±0.27	1.93	0.53±0.24	1.83
Need for the GNP system	Necessary	3.13±0.35	0.74	0.63±0.23	2.16^*
Need for the GNP system	Sometimes	3.12±0.36	0.74	0.53±0.21	2.16^*
Facilities that require GNP	Long-term care hospital	3.12±0.34	1.16	0.57±0.22	0.34
	Long-term care facility	3.16±0.38		0.55±0.22
	Others	2.93±0.23		0.63±0.24
Inactive reasons for the GNP system	Lack of legal system^a	3.15±0.37	0.31	0.60±0.22	4.63^*
	A small salary^b	3.09±0.22		0.45±0.20	a＞b
	Others^c	3.10±0.41		0.61±0.20	a＞b

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^*p＜.05,

^**p＜.01.

Table 5.

The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the General Hospital (N=100)

Characteristics	Categories	Role-expectations		Performance
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	M±SD	t or F
Age (year)	20~29	3.26±0.31	1.19	0.44±0.20	0.85
	30~39	3.24±0.48		0.39±0.17
	≥40	3.09±0.30		0.44±0.23
Religion	Christian	3.07±0.39	1.48	0.39±0.16	0.30
	Catholic	3.29±0.35		0.43±0.21
	Buddhism	3.23±0.34		0.40±0.19
	None	3.26±0.41		0.44±0.20
Marital status	Married	3.14±0.41	-1.54	0.41±0.21	-0.25
Marital status	Single/divorced	3.27±0.37	-1.54	0.42±0.19	-0.25
Educational level	College	3.20±0.25	-0.52	0.40±0.18	-0.72
Educational level	Graduate degree	3.23±0.43	-0.52	0.43±0.20	-0.72
Duration of work as a nurse (year)	＜1	3.12±0.26	0.57	0.37±0.15	0.57
	≥1~5	3.27±0.32		0.45±0.21
	≥5~10	3.26±0.45		0.43±0.16
	＞10	3.19±0.42		0.40±0.21
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year)	＜1	3.18±0.29	0.10	0.40±0.20	0.15
	≥1~5	3.22±0.30		0.43±0.19
	＞5	3.23±0.44		0.42±0.20
Position	Staff nurse	3.21±0.38	-1.72	0.41±0.18	-2.95^*
Position	Head nurse	3.60±0.40	-1.72	0.73±0.25	-2.95^*
Cognition of the GNP system	Yes	3.23±0.40	0.37	0.43±0.20	0.96
Cognition of the GNP system	No	3.20±0.33	0.37	0.39±0.17	0.96
Need for the GNP system	Necessary	3.25±0.38	1.05	0.41±0.19	-0.54
Need for the GNP system	Sometimes	3.17±0.40	1.05	0.43±0.20	-0.54
Facilities that require GNP	Long-term care hospital	3.25±0.35	0.51	0.43±0.20	0.23
	Long-term care facility	3.17±0.43		0.42±0.20
	Others	3.24±0.40		0.39±0.15
Inactive reasons for the GNP system	Lack of legal system	3.20±0.41	0.41	0.43±0.18	0.35
	A small salary	3.20±0.24		0.41±0.23
	Others	3.28±0.38		0.39±0.19

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^*p＜.05.

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The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(6):642-652. Published online December 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.642

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The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(6):642-652. Published online December 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.642

The Role-expectations of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners and Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals

Table 1.

General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=200)

Characteristics	Categories	Long term care hospital (n=100)	General hospital (n=100)
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)
Age (year)	20~29	25 (25.0)	46 (46.0)
	30~39	32 (32.0)	37 (37.0)
	≥40	43 (43.0)	17 (17.0)
Gender^†	Male	9 (9.0)	0 (0.0)
Gender^†	Female	91 (91.0)	100 (100.0)
Religion	Christian	31 (31.0)	20 (20.0)
	Catholic	12 (12.0)	23 (23.0)
	Buddhism	11 (11.0)	16 (16.0)
	None	46 (46.0)	41 (41.0)
Marital status	Married	58 (58.0)	35 (35.0)
Marital status	Single	42 (42.0)	65 (65.0)
Educational level	College	72 (72.0)	32 (32.0)
Educational level	Graduate degree	28 (28.0)	68 (68.0)
Duration of work as a nurse (year)	＜1	5 (5.0)	11 (11.0)
	≥1~5	32 (32.0)	31 (31.0)
	≥5~10	40 (40.0)	24 (24.0)
	＞10	23 (23.0)	34 (34.0)
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year)	＜1	22 (22.0)	12 (12.0)
	≥1~5	61 (61.0)	31 (31.0)
	＞5	17 (17.0)	57 (57.0)
Position	Staff nurse	84 (84.0)	97 (97.0)
Position	Head nurse	16 (16.0)	3 (3.0)
Cognition of the GNP system	Yes	53 (53.0)	74 (74.0)
Cognition of the GNP system	No	47 (47.0)	26 (26.0)
Need for the GNP system	Necessary	41 (41.0)	63 (63.0)
Need for the GNP system	Sometimes	59 (59.0)	37 (37.0)
Facilities that require GNP	Long term care hospital	59 (59.0)	50 (50.0)
	Long term care facility	35 (35.0)	35 (35.0)
	Others	6 (6.0)	15 (15.0)
Inactive reasons for the GNP system	Lack of legal system	56 (56.0)	61 (61.0)
	A small salary	22 (22.0)	13 (13.0)
	Others	22 (22.0)	26 (26.0)

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^†Fisher exact test.

Table 2.

The Role-expectations on GNP perceived by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

Duty	Long term care hospital (n=100)	General hospital (n=100)	t	p
Duty	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Application of professional nursing practice	3.17±0.33	3.23±0.37	-1.27	.206
Education & consultation	3.09±0.45	3.24±0.46	-2.24	.026
Advice & cooperation	3.11±0.50	3.17±0.51	-0.94	.349
Leadership	3.13±0.50	3.26±0.56	-1.73	.086
Research	3.01±0.50	3.20±0.56	-2.55	.012
Management & utilization of resource	2.95±0.54	3.13±0.58	-2.30	.022

Table 3.

The Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

Duty	Long term care hospital (n=100)	General hospital (n=100)	t	p
Duty	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Application of professional nursing practice	0.72±0.21	0.57±0.20	4.91	＜.001
Education & consultation	0.49±0.37	0.33±0.29	3.38	.001
Advice & cooperation	0.38±0.38	0.23±0.28	3.24	.001
Leadership	0.31±0.33	0.15±0.24	3.86	＜.001
Research	0.11±0.27	0.07±0.21	1.20	.233
Management & utilization of resource	0.36±0.37	0.10±0.20	6.27	＜.001

Table 4.

The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the Long term Care Hospital (N=200)

Characteristics	Categories	Role-expectations		Performance
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F Scheffe	M±SD	t or F Scheffe
Age (year)	20~29	3.18±0.39	0.59	0.57±0.23	0.01
	30~39	3.08±0.37		0.56±0.21
	≥40	3.13±0.32		0.57±0.23
Gender^†	Male	3.04±0.24	-0.80	0.71±0.22	2.04^*
Gender^†	Female	3.14±0.36	-0.80	0.55±0.22	2.04^*
Religion	Christian	3.01±0.23	2.34	0.55±0.25	0.49
	Catholic	3.13±0.42		0.63±0.24
	Buddhism	3.09±0.31		0.54±0.22
	None	3.21±0.39		0.57±0.20
Marital status	Married	3.13±0.31	0.12	0.57±0.23	0.28
Marital status	Single/divorced	3.12±0.41	0.12	0.56±0.22	0.28
Educational level	College	3.09±0.31	-1.57	0.56±0.23	-0.90
Educational level	Graduate degree	3.23±0.43	-1.57	0.60±0.20	-0.90
Duration of work as a nurse (year)	＜1	2.96±0.07	0.66	0.56±0.22	0.05
	≥1~5	3.10±0.32		0.56±0.25
	≥5~10	3.13±0.40		0.58±0.23
	＞10	3.19±0.34		0.57±0.17
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year)	＜1	3.20±0.33	0.85	0.58±0.22	0.04
	≥1~5	3.09±0.34		0.57±0.23
	＞5	3.16±0.42		0.57±0.20
Position	Staff nurse	3.13±0.36	-0.05	0.56±0.23	-1.14
Position	Head nurse	3.13±0.29	-0.05	0.63±0.18	-1.14
Cognition of the GNP system	Yes	3.19±0.40	1.93	0.61±0.19	1.83
Cognition of the GNP system	No	3.06±0.27	1.93	0.53±0.24	1.83
Need for the GNP system	Necessary	3.13±0.35	0.74	0.63±0.23	2.16^*
Need for the GNP system	Sometimes	3.12±0.36	0.74	0.53±0.21	2.16^*
Facilities that require GNP	Long-term care hospital	3.12±0.34	1.16	0.57±0.22	0.34
	Long-term care facility	3.16±0.38		0.55±0.22
	Others	2.93±0.23		0.63±0.24
Inactive reasons for the GNP system	Lack of legal system^a	3.15±0.37	0.31	0.60±0.22	4.63^*
	A small salary^b	3.09±0.22		0.45±0.20	a＞b
	Others^c	3.10±0.41		0.61±0.20	a＞b

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^*p＜.05,

^**p＜.01.

Table 5.

The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the General Hospital (N=100)

Characteristics	Categories	Role-expectations		Performance
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	M±SD	t or F
Age (year)	20~29	3.26±0.31	1.19	0.44±0.20	0.85
	30~39	3.24±0.48		0.39±0.17
	≥40	3.09±0.30		0.44±0.23
Religion	Christian	3.07±0.39	1.48	0.39±0.16	0.30
	Catholic	3.29±0.35		0.43±0.21
	Buddhism	3.23±0.34		0.40±0.19
	None	3.26±0.41		0.44±0.20
Marital status	Married	3.14±0.41	-1.54	0.41±0.21	-0.25
Marital status	Single/divorced	3.27±0.37	-1.54	0.42±0.19	-0.25
Educational level	College	3.20±0.25	-0.52	0.40±0.18	-0.72
Educational level	Graduate degree	3.23±0.43	-0.52	0.43±0.20	-0.72
Duration of work as a nurse (year)	＜1	3.12±0.26	0.57	0.37±0.15	0.57
	≥1~5	3.27±0.32		0.45±0.21
	≥5~10	3.26±0.45		0.43±0.16
	＞10	3.19±0.42		0.40±0.21
Duration of work experience in this hospitals (year)	＜1	3.18±0.29	0.10	0.40±0.20	0.15
	≥1~5	3.22±0.30		0.43±0.19
	＞5	3.23±0.44		0.42±0.20
Position	Staff nurse	3.21±0.38	-1.72	0.41±0.18	-2.95^*
Position	Head nurse	3.60±0.40	-1.72	0.73±0.25	-2.95^*
Cognition of the GNP system	Yes	3.23±0.40	0.37	0.43±0.20	0.96
Cognition of the GNP system	No	3.20±0.33	0.37	0.39±0.17	0.96
Need for the GNP system	Necessary	3.25±0.38	1.05	0.41±0.19	-0.54
Need for the GNP system	Sometimes	3.17±0.40	1.05	0.43±0.20	-0.54
Facilities that require GNP	Long-term care hospital	3.25±0.35	0.51	0.43±0.20	0.23
	Long-term care facility	3.17±0.43		0.42±0.20
	Others	3.24±0.40		0.39±0.15
Inactive reasons for the GNP system	Lack of legal system	3.20±0.41	0.41	0.43±0.18	0.35
	A small salary	3.20±0.24		0.41±0.23
	Others	3.28±0.38		0.39±0.19

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^*p＜.05.

Table 1. General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=200)

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

†

Fisher exact test.

Table 2. The Role-expectations on GNP perceived by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

Table 3. The Performance of Gerontological Nursing by Nurses of the Long term Care Hospitals and General Hospitals (N=200)

Table 4. The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the Long term Care Hospital (N=200)

GNP=gerontological nurse practitioner;

^*p＜.05,

^**p＜.01.

Table 5. The Differences of Role-expectations and Performance according to General Characteristics of Nurses in the General Hospital (N=100)

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