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Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women

Hee-Jung Choi1, Soon-Rim Suh2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2015;27(5):594-603.
Published online: October 31, 2015

1Department of Nursing, Kaya University, Gimhae

2College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding author: Suh, Soon-Rim College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-422, Korea. Tel: +82-53-420-4931, Fax: +82-53-421-2758, E-mail: srsuh@knu.ac.kr
• Received: August 27, 2015   • Accepted: October 11, 2015

Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of health promotion program on healthy aging preparation for late middle aged women.
  • Methods
    The research design was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Participants were recruited from K and Y cities in Gyeong-nam Province from October, 2013 to January, 2014. They were 26 for the experimental group and 31 for the control group. The experimental group participated in a health promotion program for healthy aging preparation. The program consisted of education, exercise, and small group discussion over 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test and ANCOVA, using the PASW 18.0 program.
  • Results
    There were significant improvements in aging anxiety and general self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors in the experimental group compared to those of the control group. However, there was no significant differences in attitude toward older adults between the two groups.
  • Conclusion
    The health promotion program on healthy aging preparation for late middle aged women was found to be effective in enhancing aging anxiety and self-efficacy, and health promoting behavior. Thus, the developed program is recommended for use in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for late middle aged women in order to keep up with their health in later life.
  • Key Words: Middle aged; Health promotion; Aging anxiety; Self-efficacy
Table 1.
Health Promoting Program for Healthy Aging Preparation
Session Goal Education contents Duration /Frequency method
1 Baseline data collection/ setting goal for successful aging The study purpose and health promoting program procedure 40 min/60 min Orientation
Pre-assessment of individual health promoting for healthy aging preparation including aging anxiety, attitude toward elderly, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior 20 min/60 min Baseline data collection
2~3 Recognizing definition of successful aging Providing information about definition of successful aging and important position, influencing of successful aging 30 min/75 min Education and group activity
Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
4~5 Recognizing development tasks of middle and old age Providing information about characteristics and development tasks of middle aged and old age, correct knowledge about old age 30 min/75 min Education and quiz
Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
6~8 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of Physical health care Providing information about Physical health care that proper diet, weight management, non-smoking, moderation in drink, regular check-up for cancer prevention, prevention of osteoporosis 30 min/75 min Education
Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
9 Experience of senior life Watching 'About Schmidt' movie 120 min/120 min Experience activity
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
10~13 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of Physical health care Providing information about mental health care that depression, dementia, stress prevention 30 min/75 min Education
Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
12 Experience of senior life Experiencing senior life by individual 80 min/80 min Experience activity
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
14~15 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of good relationship Providing information about relationship that effective communication 30 min/75 min Demonstration practice and education session
Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
16 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of successful aging/post data collection Sharing senior living plan and challenges health prompting behavior 20 min/85 min Group activity
Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/85 min Exercise
Post-assessment of individual health promoting for healthy aging preparation including aging anxiety, attitude toward elderly, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior 20 min/85min Post data collection
Table 2.
Homogeneity Test of the General Characteristics between the Experimental and the Control Groups (N =57)
Characteristics Exp. (n=26) Cont. (n=31) x2 p
n (%) n (%)
Age (year) 55~59 7 (26.9) 9 (29.0) 0.03 .985
60~64 19 (73.1) 22 (71.0)
Marital state Married 22 (84.6) 22 (71.0) 1.51 .471
Others (widowed, divorced) 4 (15.4) 9 (29.0)
Religion Yes 19 (73.1) 27 (87.1) 5.67 .684
No 7 (26.9) 4 (12.9)
Education ≤Elementary school 5 (19.2) 6 (19.4) 1.12 .980
Middle school 9 (34.6) 9 (29.0)
High school 10 (38.5) 14 (45.2)
≥College 2 (7.7) 2 (6.5)
Monthly income (10,000 won) ≤100 4 (15.4) 5 (16.1) 1.76 .988
101~250 9 (34.6) 8 (25.8)
251~400 8 (30.8) 8 (25.8)
401~550 3 (11.5) 6 (19.4)
≥551 2 (7.7) 4 (12.9)
Economic status Poor 4 (15.4) 4 (12.9) 4.19 .651
Moderate 18 (69.2) 20 (64.5)
Good 4 (15.4) 7 (22.6)
Perceived health status Poor 5 (19.2) 5 (16.1) 3.40 .907
Moderate 13 (50.0) 17 (54.8)
Good 8 (30.8) 9 (29.0)

Exp.=experimental group Cont.=control group.

Table 3.
Homogeneity Test of the Outcome Variables between the Experimental and the Control Groups (N=57)
Variables Exp. (n=26) Cont. (n=31) t p
M±SD M±SD
Aging anxiety 57.50±7.66 55.32±9.26 0.95 .345
Attitude toward elderly 64.54±9.98 63.61±8.68 0.51 .614
General self-efficacy 26.69±4.55 25.32±5.84 0.97 .335
Health promoting behavior 103.46±6.05 99.71±9.40 1.75 .085

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 4.
Effect of Health Promotion Program on Aging Anxiety, Attitude toward Elderly, Self-Efficacy, and Health Promoting Behavior (N=57)
Characteristics Groups Pretest Posttest F† p
M±SD M±SD
Aging anxiety Exp. 57.50±7.66 51.35±6.87 29.50 ＜.001
Cont. 55.32±9.26 55.26±9.30  
Attitude toward elderly Exp. 64.54±9.98 64.88±10.23 0.32 .573
Cont. 63.61±8.68 64.58±8.20  
General self-efficacy Exp. 26.69±4.55 29.08±5.13 25.51 ＜.001
Cont. 25.32±5.84 24.94±5.25  
Health promoting behavior Exp. 103.46±6.05 116.50±12.45 29.11 ＜.001
Cont. 99.71±9.40 100.23±9.02  

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

†ANCOVA; covariate (pretest score).

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    Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(5):594-603.   Published online October 31, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.5.594
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    Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(5):594-603.   Published online October 31, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.5.594
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    Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women
    Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women

    Health Promoting Program for Healthy Aging Preparation

    Session Goal Education contents Duration /Frequency method
    1 Baseline data collection/ setting goal for successful aging The study purpose and health promoting program procedure 40 min/60 min Orientation
    Pre-assessment of individual health promoting for healthy aging preparation including aging anxiety, attitude toward elderly, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior 20 min/60 min Baseline data collection
    2~3 Recognizing definition of successful aging Providing information about definition of successful aging and important position, influencing of successful aging 30 min/75 min Education and group activity
    Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    4~5 Recognizing development tasks of middle and old age Providing information about characteristics and development tasks of middle aged and old age, correct knowledge about old age 30 min/75 min Education and quiz
    Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    6~8 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of Physical health care Providing information about Physical health care that proper diet, weight management, non-smoking, moderation in drink, regular check-up for cancer prevention, prevention of osteoporosis 30 min/75 min Education
    Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    9 Experience of senior life Watching 'About Schmidt' movie 120 min/120 min Experience activity
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    10~13 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of Physical health care Providing information about mental health care that depression, dementia, stress prevention 30 min/75 min Education
    Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    12 Experience of senior life Experiencing senior life by individual 80 min/80 min Experience activity
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    14~15 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of good relationship Providing information about relationship that effective communication 30 min/75 min Demonstration practice and education session
    Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/75 min Exercise
    Assessing adherence an exercise and health promotion behavior 20 min/ once a week Monitoring
    16 Changing and maintenance health promoting behavior of successful aging/post data collection Sharing senior living plan and challenges health prompting behavior 20 min/85 min Group activity
    Providing an exercise program that consists of muscle resistant stretching exercise 45 min/85 min Exercise
    Post-assessment of individual health promoting for healthy aging preparation including aging anxiety, attitude toward elderly, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior 20 min/85min Post data collection

    Homogeneity Test of the General Characteristics between the Experimental and the Control Groups (N =57)

    Characteristics Exp. (n=26) Cont. (n=31) x2 p
    n (%) n (%)
    Age (year) 55~59 7 (26.9) 9 (29.0) 0.03 .985
    60~64 19 (73.1) 22 (71.0)
    Marital state Married 22 (84.6) 22 (71.0) 1.51 .471
    Others (widowed, divorced) 4 (15.4) 9 (29.0)
    Religion Yes 19 (73.1) 27 (87.1) 5.67 .684
    No 7 (26.9) 4 (12.9)
    Education ≤Elementary school 5 (19.2) 6 (19.4) 1.12 .980
    Middle school 9 (34.6) 9 (29.0)
    High school 10 (38.5) 14 (45.2)
    ≥College 2 (7.7) 2 (6.5)
    Monthly income (10,000 won) ≤100 4 (15.4) 5 (16.1) 1.76 .988
    101~250 9 (34.6) 8 (25.8)
    251~400 8 (30.8) 8 (25.8)
    401~550 3 (11.5) 6 (19.4)
    ≥551 2 (7.7) 4 (12.9)
    Economic status Poor 4 (15.4) 4 (12.9) 4.19 .651
    Moderate 18 (69.2) 20 (64.5)
    Good 4 (15.4) 7 (22.6)
    Perceived health status Poor 5 (19.2) 5 (16.1) 3.40 .907
    Moderate 13 (50.0) 17 (54.8)
    Good 8 (30.8) 9 (29.0)

    Exp.=experimental group Cont.=control group.

    Homogeneity Test of the Outcome Variables between the Experimental and the Control Groups (N=57)

    Variables Exp. (n=26) Cont. (n=31) t p
    M±SD M±SD
    Aging anxiety 57.50±7.66 55.32±9.26 0.95 .345
    Attitude toward elderly 64.54±9.98 63.61±8.68 0.51 .614
    General self-efficacy 26.69±4.55 25.32±5.84 0.97 .335
    Health promoting behavior 103.46±6.05 99.71±9.40 1.75 .085

    Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

    Effect of Health Promotion Program on Aging Anxiety, Attitude toward Elderly, Self-Efficacy, and Health Promoting Behavior (N=57)

    Characteristics Groups Pretest Posttest F† p
    M±SD M±SD
    Aging anxiety Exp. 57.50±7.66 51.35±6.87 29.50 ＜.001
    Cont. 55.32±9.26 55.26±9.30  
    Attitude toward elderly Exp. 64.54±9.98 64.88±10.23 0.32 .573
    Cont. 63.61±8.68 64.58±8.20  
    General self-efficacy Exp. 26.69±4.55 29.08±5.13 25.51 ＜.001
    Cont. 25.32±5.84 24.94±5.25  
    Health promoting behavior Exp. 103.46±6.05 116.50±12.45 29.11 ＜.001
    Cont. 99.71±9.40 100.23±9.02  

    Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

    †ANCOVA; covariate (pretest score).
    Table 1. Health Promoting Program for Healthy Aging Preparation

    Table 2. Homogeneity Test of the General Characteristics between the Experimental and the Control Groups (N =57)

    Exp.=experimental group Cont.=control group.

    Table 3. Homogeneity Test of the Outcome Variables between the Experimental and the Control Groups (N=57)

    Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

    Table 4. Effect of Health Promotion Program on Aging Anxiety, Attitude toward Elderly, Self-Efficacy, and Health Promoting Behavior (N=57)

    Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

    ANCOVA; covariate (pretest score).

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

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