The Relationships among Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Expecting to Receive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Ka Ryeong Bae; Sue Kim

doi:10.7469/kjan.2016.28.1.30

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The Relationships among Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Expecting to Receive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Ka Ryeong Bae¹, Sue Kim²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(1):30-42.
Published online: February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2016.28.1.30

¹College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul

²College of Nursing ․ Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Sue College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2228-3276, Fax: +82-2-392-5440, E-mail: suekim@yuhs.ac

• Received: October 27, 2015 • Accepted: February 12, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the relationships among social support(family support, medical team support), hope, anxiety, and depression in patients with hematologic cancers before they received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to obtain baseline data for developing a nursing intervention.
Methods
The participants were 70 adult patients expecting to receive HSCT from 5 university hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Jeollanam-do regions. A cross-sectional survey was done using standardized instruments for social support (Tae's Family Support Scale and Professional Medical Support Scale), hope (Kim & Lee Hope Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 19.0 program using frequency, percentage, item mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results
Hope was significantly correlated with social support (r=.40, p=.001), anxiety (r=-.40, p<.001) and depression (r=-.58, p<.001). Anxiety was correlated with depression (r=.54, p<.001).
Conclusion
The findings of this study show greater social support for patients who expect to receive HSCT is significantly correlated to a higher level of hope, as well as low levels of anxiety and depression. In nursing practice, clinical nurses may develop a nursing intervention to reinforce social support and hope, as well as reduce anxiety and depression for patients preparing for HSCT.
Key Words: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); Social support; Hope; Anxiety; Depression

Table 1.

The Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants (N=70)

Characteristics	Categories	Categories	n(%)	M±SD
General characteristics	Gender	Male	48 (68.6)
	Gender	Female	22 (31.4)
	Age (year)	＜30	16 (22.8)	40.71±12.02
		30~39	13 (18.6)
		40~49	21 (30.0)
		≥50	20 (28.6)
	Marital status	Single	18 (25.7)
		Married	50 (71.4)
		Divorced	2 (2.9)
	Education level	≤High school	40 (57.1)
	Education level	Above college	30 (42.9)
	Job	Employed	26 (37.1)
	Job	Unemployed	44 (62.9)
	Religion	Yes	42 (60.0)
		No	27 (38.6)
		Nonresponse	1 (1.4)
	Family income per month (10,000 won)	＜100	13 (18.6)
		100~199	11 (15.7)
		200~299	16 (22.9)
		≥300	30 (42.9)
	Family support obligation	Yes	43 (61.4)
	Family support obligation	No	27 (38.6)
Clinical characteristics	Diagnosis	Leukemia	37 (52.8)
		Lymphoma	23 (32.9)
		Other	10 (14.3)
	Type of transplant	Autologous transplant	28 (40.0)
		Allogeneic sibling transplant	19 (27.1)
		Allogeneic unrelated transplant	23 (32.9)
	Time since diagnosis (month)	＜6	27 (38.6)	11.77±2.35
		6~12	27 (38.6)
		13~24	10 (14.3)
		＞24	6 (8.6)
	Type of pre-therapy	CT	55 (78.6)
		CT+ RT, OP	14 (20.0)
		None	1 (1.4)
	Main caregiver	Spouse	39 (55.7)
		Parents	20 (28.6)
		Children/Daughter-in-law	4 (5.7)
		Other	5 (7.1)
		None	2 (2.9)
	Economical burden	Own self	31 (44.3)
		Spouse	22 (31.4)
		Parents	14 (20.0)
		Children	1 (1.4)
		Others	2 (2.9)

CT=chemotherapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 2.

Degree of Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression (N=70)

Variables	Possible range	Min	Max	M±SD	n (%)	Mean per rating
Social support	16~80	43	80	68.63±10.27		4.29
Family support	8~40	10	40	35.74±5.77		4.47
Medical team support	8~40	13	40	32.89±6.87		4.11
Hope	39~156	99	155	130.50±13.67		3.35
Conviction of potential recovery	11~44					3.64
Friendly relations	6~24					3.56
Meaning of life	5~20					3.51
Confidence	3~12					3.30
Self esteem	2~8					3.15
Korean wishful thinking	2~8					3.11
Internal satisfaction	7~28					3.06
Spiritual belief	3~12					2.57
Anxiety	0~21	0	12	5.74±2.80
Non-case	0~7				60 (85.7)
Doubtful case	8~10				9 (12.9)
Definite case	11~21				1 (1.4)
Depression	0~21	0	17	8.04±4.15
Non-case	0~7				34 (48.6)
Doubtful case	8~10				17 (24.3)
Definite case	11~21				19 (27.1)

Table 3.

Social Support and, Hope According to the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=70)

Characteristics	Categories	Social support		Hope
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé
Gender	Male	68.71±10.67	0.10	130.15±13.91	-0.28
Gender	Female	68.45±9.57	(.924)	131.14±13.43	(.781)
Age (year)	＜30	69.75±9.75	0.65	125.06±13.34	2.31
	30~39	71.23±9.71	(.588)	127.23±12.92	(.084)
	40~49	66.48±10.24		135.86±11.80
	≥50	68.30±11.26		131.20±14.88
Marital status	Single	69.17±9.38	0.04	125.11±12.86	1.90
	Married	68.42±10.73	(.965)	132.32±13.84	(.157)
	Divorced	69±11.31		132.00±2.83
Education level	≤High school	66.18±11.19	5.69	125.83±13.33	12.51
Education level	Above college	71.90±7.94	(.020)	136.63±11.69	(＜.001)
Job	Employed	69.50±10.35	0.54	134.00±11.66	1.69
Job	Unemployed	68.11±10.3	(.589)	128.36±14.45	(.096)
Religion	Yes	68.52±10.28	2.80	133.17±14.66	2.87
	No	67.93±9.57	(.068)	126.96±10.85	(.064)
	Nonresponse	92.00±0.00		111.00±0.00
Family income per month (10,000 won)	＜100^a	65.15±11.44	3.02	126.85±16.30	2.05
	100~199^b	65.36±13.27	(.036)	132.27±12.79	(.115)
	200~299^c	66.06±8.47	d＞a, b, c	125.06±10.93
	≥300^d	72.70±8.28		134.23±13.36
Family support obligation	Yes	68.16±11.15	-0.48	133.79±12.96	2.69
Family support obligation	No	69.37±8.82	(.635)	125.15±13.31	(.009)
Diagnosis	Leukemia	66.95±10.86	1.06	128.14±12.95	1.20
	Lymphoma	70.48±9.05	(.353)	132.52±11.66	(0.308)
	Other	70.60±10.55		134.30±19.49
Type of transplant	Autologous transplant^a	70.64±8.45	1.96	134.96±12.27	3.15
	Allogeneic sibling transplant^b	69.28±10.65	(.110)	134.06±12.08	(.020)
	Allogeneic unrelated transplant^c	69.11±9.92		125.58±13.42	a. b＞c
Time since diagnosis (month)	＜6	68.57±10.77	0.58	130.25±14.43	0.54
	6~12	67.05±9.44	(.682)	131.79±14.23	(.833)
	13~24	70.00±13.00		129.67±6.51
	＞24	69.40±4.28		134.20±9.78
Type of pre-therapy	CT	68.42±10.87	0.20	130.93±13.92	2.83
	CT+RT, OP	69.79±8.06	(.821)	130.86±10.44	(.066)
	None	64.00±0.00		99.00±0.00
Main caregiver	Spouse	68.08±11.03	0.87	133.05±14.61	0.94
	Parents	70.95±9.14	(.489)	125.95±12.37	(.449)
	Children/daughter-in-law	68.50±9.61		129.75±9.43
	Other	68.20±9.83		130.40±14.86
	None	57.50±4.95		126.50±4.95
Economical burden	Own self	69.35±11.09	0.63	133.97±12.87	1.47
	Spouse	66.00±9.44	(.644)	128.64±12.71	(.221)
	Parents	70.14±10.11		124.50±14.61
	Children	75.00±0.00		141.00±0.00
	Others	72.50±10.61		132.50±26.16

CT=chemotherapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 4.

Anxiety, Depression According to the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=70)

Characteristics	Categories	Anxiety		Depression
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé
Gender	Male	5.48±2.92	-1.17	7.96±4.43	-0.25
Gender	Female	6.32±2.44	(.246)	8.23±3.57	(.804)
Age (year)	＜30	6.00±2.94	0.61	8.38±4.87	1.02
	30~39	6.54±2.85	(.610)	9.62±4.70	(.389)
	40~49	5.33±2.67		7.67±3.72
	≥50	5.45±2.84		7.15±3.56
Marital status	Single	6.06±2.78	0.39	8.39±4.60	0.13
	Married	5.58±2.86	(.676)	7.96±4.11	(.877)
	Divorced	7.00±0.00		7.00±0.00
Education level	≤High school	6.08±2.75	1.33	9.05±3.99	5.87
Education level	Above college	5.30±2.83	(.253)	6.70±4.05	(.018)
Job	Employed	5.58±2.74	-0.38	7.31±3.48	-1.14
Job	Unemployed	5.84±2.84	(.705)	8.48±4.49	(.258)
Religion	Yes	5.62±2.87	2.68	7.57±4.12	1.90
	No	5.70±2.48	(.076)	8.52±4.07	(.158)
	Nonresponse	12.00±0.00		15.00±0.00
Family income per month (10,000 won)	＜100	6.38±2.75	1.11	9.69±5.15	2.27
	100~199	5.91±2.07	(.352)	5.55±3.80	(.089)
	200~299	6.37±2.06		8.69±2.50
	≥300	5.07±3.29		7.90±4.25
Family support obligation	Yes	5.26±2.74	-1.88	7.12±3.69	-2.44
Family support obligation	No	6.52±2.75	(.076)	9.52±4.49	(.017)
Diagnosis	Leukemia	6.00±2.43	0.38	8.43±4.17	1.17
	Lymphoma	5.35±2.62	(.684)	8.22±4.01	(.316)
	Other	5.70±4.32		6.20±4.37
Type of transplant	Autologous transplant	5.32±3.12	0.84	7.12±3.94	1.83
	Allogeneic sibling transplant	5.33±2.45	(.507)	7.17±3.67	(.133)
	Allogeneic unrelated transplant	6.68±2.63		9.05±4.38
Time since diagnosis (month)	＜6^a	5.78±2.90	1.11	8.05±4.37	2.84
	6~12^b	5.58±2.48	(.319)	6.84±3.15	(.028)
	13~24^c	7.33±1.53		13.67±4.93	c＞a, b, d
	＞24^d	4.00±2.55		6.80±2.59
Type of pre-therapy	CT	5.62±2.83	1.89	7.91±4.20	0.20
	CT+RT, OP	5.86±2.41	(.159)	8.64±4.22	(.818)
	None	11.00±0.00		7.00±0.00
Main caregiver	Spouse	5.28±2.87	0.67	7.90±4.12	0.18
	Parents	6.40±2.76	(.619)	8.60±4.41	(.948)
	Children/daughter-in-law	6.75±1.71		7.50±4.51
	Other	5.80±3.42		8.00±5.05
	None	6.00±1.41		6.50±0.71
Economical burden	Own self	5.32±2.91	0.62	7.45±4.35	1.02
	Spouse	6.50±2.02	(.647)	8.68±2.51	(.402)
	Parents	5.64±3.13		8.43±3.92
	Children	5.00±0.00		2.00±0.00
	Others	5.00±7.07		10.50±14.85

CT=chemo therapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 5.

Correlations between Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression (N=70)

Variables	Social support	Family support	Medical team support	Hope	Anxiety
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Family support	.77 (＜.001)
Medical team support	.85 (＜.001)	.31 (.008)
Hope	.40 (.001)	.28 (.018)	.37 (.002)
Anxiety	.03 (.799)	-.02 (.896)	.06 (.624)	-.40 (.001)
Depression	-.09 (.447)	.03 (.805)	-.16 (.177)	-.58 (＜.001)	.54 (＜.001)

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The Relationships among Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Expecting to Receive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(1):30-42. Published online February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.30

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The Relationships among Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Expecting to Receive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(1):30-42. Published online February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.30

The Relationships among Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Expecting to Receive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Table 1.

The Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants (N=70)

Characteristics	Categories	Categories	n(%)	M±SD
General characteristics	Gender	Male	48 (68.6)
	Gender	Female	22 (31.4)
	Age (year)	＜30	16 (22.8)	40.71±12.02
		30~39	13 (18.6)
		40~49	21 (30.0)
		≥50	20 (28.6)
	Marital status	Single	18 (25.7)
		Married	50 (71.4)
		Divorced	2 (2.9)
	Education level	≤High school	40 (57.1)
	Education level	Above college	30 (42.9)
	Job	Employed	26 (37.1)
	Job	Unemployed	44 (62.9)
	Religion	Yes	42 (60.0)
		No	27 (38.6)
		Nonresponse	1 (1.4)
	Family income per month (10,000 won)	＜100	13 (18.6)
		100~199	11 (15.7)
		200~299	16 (22.9)
		≥300	30 (42.9)
	Family support obligation	Yes	43 (61.4)
	Family support obligation	No	27 (38.6)
Clinical characteristics	Diagnosis	Leukemia	37 (52.8)
		Lymphoma	23 (32.9)
		Other	10 (14.3)
	Type of transplant	Autologous transplant	28 (40.0)
		Allogeneic sibling transplant	19 (27.1)
		Allogeneic unrelated transplant	23 (32.9)
	Time since diagnosis (month)	＜6	27 (38.6)	11.77±2.35
		6~12	27 (38.6)
		13~24	10 (14.3)
		＞24	6 (8.6)
	Type of pre-therapy	CT	55 (78.6)
		CT+ RT, OP	14 (20.0)
		None	1 (1.4)
	Main caregiver	Spouse	39 (55.7)
		Parents	20 (28.6)
		Children/Daughter-in-law	4 (5.7)
		Other	5 (7.1)
		None	2 (2.9)
	Economical burden	Own self	31 (44.3)
		Spouse	22 (31.4)
		Parents	14 (20.0)
		Children	1 (1.4)
		Others	2 (2.9)

CT=chemotherapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 2.

Degree of Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression (N=70)

Variables	Possible range	Min	Max	M±SD	n (%)	Mean per rating
Social support	16~80	43	80	68.63±10.27		4.29
Family support	8~40	10	40	35.74±5.77		4.47
Medical team support	8~40	13	40	32.89±6.87		4.11
Hope	39~156	99	155	130.50±13.67		3.35
Conviction of potential recovery	11~44					3.64
Friendly relations	6~24					3.56
Meaning of life	5~20					3.51
Confidence	3~12					3.30
Self esteem	2~8					3.15
Korean wishful thinking	2~8					3.11
Internal satisfaction	7~28					3.06
Spiritual belief	3~12					2.57
Anxiety	0~21	0	12	5.74±2.80
Non-case	0~7				60 (85.7)
Doubtful case	8~10				9 (12.9)
Definite case	11~21				1 (1.4)
Depression	0~21	0	17	8.04±4.15
Non-case	0~7				34 (48.6)
Doubtful case	8~10				17 (24.3)
Definite case	11~21				19 (27.1)

Table 3.

Social Support and, Hope According to the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=70)

Characteristics	Categories	Social support		Hope
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé
Gender	Male	68.71±10.67	0.10	130.15±13.91	-0.28
Gender	Female	68.45±9.57	(.924)	131.14±13.43	(.781)
Age (year)	＜30	69.75±9.75	0.65	125.06±13.34	2.31
	30~39	71.23±9.71	(.588)	127.23±12.92	(.084)
	40~49	66.48±10.24		135.86±11.80
	≥50	68.30±11.26		131.20±14.88
Marital status	Single	69.17±9.38	0.04	125.11±12.86	1.90
	Married	68.42±10.73	(.965)	132.32±13.84	(.157)
	Divorced	69±11.31		132.00±2.83
Education level	≤High school	66.18±11.19	5.69	125.83±13.33	12.51
Education level	Above college	71.90±7.94	(.020)	136.63±11.69	(＜.001)
Job	Employed	69.50±10.35	0.54	134.00±11.66	1.69
Job	Unemployed	68.11±10.3	(.589)	128.36±14.45	(.096)
Religion	Yes	68.52±10.28	2.80	133.17±14.66	2.87
	No	67.93±9.57	(.068)	126.96±10.85	(.064)
	Nonresponse	92.00±0.00		111.00±0.00
Family income per month (10,000 won)	＜100^a	65.15±11.44	3.02	126.85±16.30	2.05
	100~199^b	65.36±13.27	(.036)	132.27±12.79	(.115)
	200~299^c	66.06±8.47	d＞a, b, c	125.06±10.93
	≥300^d	72.70±8.28		134.23±13.36
Family support obligation	Yes	68.16±11.15	-0.48	133.79±12.96	2.69
Family support obligation	No	69.37±8.82	(.635)	125.15±13.31	(.009)
Diagnosis	Leukemia	66.95±10.86	1.06	128.14±12.95	1.20
	Lymphoma	70.48±9.05	(.353)	132.52±11.66	(0.308)
	Other	70.60±10.55		134.30±19.49
Type of transplant	Autologous transplant^a	70.64±8.45	1.96	134.96±12.27	3.15
	Allogeneic sibling transplant^b	69.28±10.65	(.110)	134.06±12.08	(.020)
	Allogeneic unrelated transplant^c	69.11±9.92		125.58±13.42	a. b＞c
Time since diagnosis (month)	＜6	68.57±10.77	0.58	130.25±14.43	0.54
	6~12	67.05±9.44	(.682)	131.79±14.23	(.833)
	13~24	70.00±13.00		129.67±6.51
	＞24	69.40±4.28		134.20±9.78
Type of pre-therapy	CT	68.42±10.87	0.20	130.93±13.92	2.83
	CT+RT, OP	69.79±8.06	(.821)	130.86±10.44	(.066)
	None	64.00±0.00		99.00±0.00
Main caregiver	Spouse	68.08±11.03	0.87	133.05±14.61	0.94
	Parents	70.95±9.14	(.489)	125.95±12.37	(.449)
	Children/daughter-in-law	68.50±9.61		129.75±9.43
	Other	68.20±9.83		130.40±14.86
	None	57.50±4.95		126.50±4.95
Economical burden	Own self	69.35±11.09	0.63	133.97±12.87	1.47
	Spouse	66.00±9.44	(.644)	128.64±12.71	(.221)
	Parents	70.14±10.11		124.50±14.61
	Children	75.00±0.00		141.00±0.00
	Others	72.50±10.61		132.50±26.16

CT=chemotherapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 4.

Anxiety, Depression According to the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=70)

Characteristics	Categories	Anxiety		Depression
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p) Scheffé
Gender	Male	5.48±2.92	-1.17	7.96±4.43	-0.25
Gender	Female	6.32±2.44	(.246)	8.23±3.57	(.804)
Age (year)	＜30	6.00±2.94	0.61	8.38±4.87	1.02
	30~39	6.54±2.85	(.610)	9.62±4.70	(.389)
	40~49	5.33±2.67		7.67±3.72
	≥50	5.45±2.84		7.15±3.56
Marital status	Single	6.06±2.78	0.39	8.39±4.60	0.13
	Married	5.58±2.86	(.676)	7.96±4.11	(.877)
	Divorced	7.00±0.00		7.00±0.00
Education level	≤High school	6.08±2.75	1.33	9.05±3.99	5.87
Education level	Above college	5.30±2.83	(.253)	6.70±4.05	(.018)
Job	Employed	5.58±2.74	-0.38	7.31±3.48	-1.14
Job	Unemployed	5.84±2.84	(.705)	8.48±4.49	(.258)
Religion	Yes	5.62±2.87	2.68	7.57±4.12	1.90
	No	5.70±2.48	(.076)	8.52±4.07	(.158)
	Nonresponse	12.00±0.00		15.00±0.00
Family income per month (10,000 won)	＜100	6.38±2.75	1.11	9.69±5.15	2.27
	100~199	5.91±2.07	(.352)	5.55±3.80	(.089)
	200~299	6.37±2.06		8.69±2.50
	≥300	5.07±3.29		7.90±4.25
Family support obligation	Yes	5.26±2.74	-1.88	7.12±3.69	-2.44
Family support obligation	No	6.52±2.75	(.076)	9.52±4.49	(.017)
Diagnosis	Leukemia	6.00±2.43	0.38	8.43±4.17	1.17
	Lymphoma	5.35±2.62	(.684)	8.22±4.01	(.316)
	Other	5.70±4.32		6.20±4.37
Type of transplant	Autologous transplant	5.32±3.12	0.84	7.12±3.94	1.83
	Allogeneic sibling transplant	5.33±2.45	(.507)	7.17±3.67	(.133)
	Allogeneic unrelated transplant	6.68±2.63		9.05±4.38
Time since diagnosis (month)	＜6^a	5.78±2.90	1.11	8.05±4.37	2.84
	6~12^b	5.58±2.48	(.319)	6.84±3.15	(.028)
	13~24^c	7.33±1.53		13.67±4.93	c＞a, b, d
	＞24^d	4.00±2.55		6.80±2.59
Type of pre-therapy	CT	5.62±2.83	1.89	7.91±4.20	0.20
	CT+RT, OP	5.86±2.41	(.159)	8.64±4.22	(.818)
	None	11.00±0.00		7.00±0.00
Main caregiver	Spouse	5.28±2.87	0.67	7.90±4.12	0.18
	Parents	6.40±2.76	(.619)	8.60±4.41	(.948)
	Children/daughter-in-law	6.75±1.71		7.50±4.51
	Other	5.80±3.42		8.00±5.05
	None	6.00±1.41		6.50±0.71
Economical burden	Own self	5.32±2.91	0.62	7.45±4.35	1.02
	Spouse	6.50±2.02	(.647)	8.68±2.51	(.402)
	Parents	5.64±3.13		8.43±3.92
	Children	5.00±0.00		2.00±0.00
	Others	5.00±7.07		10.50±14.85

CT=chemo therapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 5.

Correlations between Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression (N=70)

Variables	Social support	Family support	Medical team support	Hope	Anxiety
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Family support	.77 (＜.001)
Medical team support	.85 (＜.001)	.31 (.008)
Hope	.40 (.001)	.28 (.018)	.37 (.002)
Anxiety	.03 (.799)	-.02 (.896)	.06 (.624)	-.40 (.001)
Depression	-.09 (.447)	.03 (.805)	-.16 (.177)	-.58 (＜.001)	.54 (＜.001)

Table 1. The Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants (N=70)

CT=chemotherapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 2. Degree of Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression (N=70)

Table 3. Social Support and, Hope According to the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=70)

CT=chemotherapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 4. Anxiety, Depression According to the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=70)

CT=chemo therapy; RT=radiation therapy; OP=operation.

Table 5. Correlations between Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression (N=70)

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The Relationships among Social Support, Hope, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Expecting to Receive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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