Effects of Sleep and Fatigue on Soldiers Health Promoting Behaviors in Korean Army

Eunji Hong; Choi-Kwon Smi

doi:10.7469/kjan.2016.28.1.106

Articles

Page Path

Original Article

Effects of Sleep and Fatigue on Soldiers Health Promoting Behaviors in Korean Army

Eunji Hong¹, Choi-Kwon Smi²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(1):106-115.
Published online: February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2016.28.1.106

¹College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul

²College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Choi-Kwon, Smi College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8830, Fax: +82-2-765-4103, E-mail: smi@snu.ac.kr

• Received: January 20, 2016 • Accepted: February 13, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

20 Views
0 Download
4 Crossref

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate sleep, fatigue, and the level of health promoting behaviors in Korean army soldiers. The factors influencing on health promoting behaviors of soldiers were also identified.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. Data was collected from 269 soldiers in four military units of Korea in July 2015. Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ were used.
Results
The health promoting behaviors were significantly different by perceived health status (p<.001) and presence of fatigue (p<.001). There were significant correlations between quality of sleep, fatigue, and health promoting behaviors of the subjects. In a multiple linear regression analysis, the level of health promoting behaviors were lower in the subjects with high level of fatigue (p<.001) and with fair perceived health status (p=.003).
Conclusion
In order to increase health promoting behaviors of soldiers, it takes into account of soldiers’ fatigue and perceived health status. Environmental arrangement for soldiers for the break time is needed urgently to decrease their fatigue as well as to improve their sleep quality.
Key Words: Soldier; Sleep; Fatigue; Health promoting behaviors

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD
General characteristics	Age (year)	≤21	35 (13.0)	22.48±1.38
		22	144 (53.5)
		≥23	90 (33.5)
	Level of education	≤High school	41 (15.2)
		Under college	76 (28.3)
		≥University	152 (56.5)
	Body mass index (kg/m2)	Underweight	7 (2.6)
		Normal	151 (56.1)
		Overweight	62 (23.0)
		Obese	49 (18.2)
	Perceived health status	Poor	10 (3.7)
		Fair	97 (36.1)
		Good	162 (60.2)
Military-related characteristics	Class	Private class	32 (11.9)
		Private first class	86 (32.0)
		Corporal	116 (43.1)
		Sergeant	35 (13.0)
	Service branch	Soldier	142 (52.8)
	Service branch	Chocolate olider	127 (47.2)
	Service period (months)	≤11	130 (48.3)	11.27±4.99
	Service period (months)	12~21	139 (51.7)
	The form of shift work	≥12hrs indoor work	58 (12.8)
		2hrs indoor work	182 (40.2)
		2hrs outdoor work	170 (37.5)
		et cetera	43 (9.5)
	The number of shift works	1	139 (51.7)
	The number of shift works	≥2	130 (48.3)

Table 2.

Sleep, Fatigue, and Health Promoting Behaviors of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Categories	Range	n (%)	M±SD
Duration of sleep		4~9		7.08±0.92
Quality of sleep		15~55		33.80±6.93
Fatigue severity scale		1~7		3.72±1.05
Fatigue group	Not fatigued		158 (58.7)
Fatigue group	Fatigued		111 (41.3)
Health promoting behaviors	Total	1.73~3.75		2.59±0.37
	Health responsibility	1.22~3.89		2.30±0.53
	Physical activity	1.00~3.88		2.49±0.65
	Nutrition	1.33~3.89		2.49±0.39
	Spiritual growth	1.44~4.00		2.85±0.50
	Interpersonal relations	1.56~4.00		3.01±0.49
	Stress management	1.38~3.88		2.39±0.47

Table 3.

Health Promoting Behaviors according to the Characteristics of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Variables	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p
General characteristics	Age (year)	≤21	2.58±0.35	1.23	.295
		22	2.57±0.40
		≥23	2.64±0.35
	Level of education	≤High school	2.64±0.39	0.98	.377
		Under college	2.54±0.37
		≥University	2.61±0.37
	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Non-obese	2.59±0.37	-0.30	.763
	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Obese	2.61±0.40	-0.30	.763
	Perceived health status	Poor	2.72±0.38	19.00^†	＜.001
		Fair	2.47±0.32
		Good	2.66±0.38
Military-related characteristics	Class	Private class	2.60±0.40	0.63	.598
		Private first class	2.57±0.36
		Corporal	2.59±0.37
		Sergeant	2.67±0.40
	Service branch	Soldier	2.62±0.37	1.12	.263
	Service branch	Chocolate solider	2.57±0.38	1.12	.263
	Service period (months)	≤11	2.56±0.37	-1.39	.164
	Service period (months)	12~21	2.63±0.38	-1.39	.164
	The number of shift work	1	2.62±0.33	1.02	.310
	The number of shift work	≥2	2.57±0.35	1.02	.310

^†Kruskal-Wallis test result (chi-square).

Table 4.

Correlations of Sleep, Fatigue, and Health Promoting Behaviors of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Duration of sleep	Quality of sleep	Fatigue	Health promoting behaviors
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Duration of sleep	1
Quality of sleep	-.390 (＜.001)	1
Fatigue	-.198 (.001)	.606 (＜.001)	1
Health promoting behaviors	.095 (.118)	-.238 (＜.001)	-.308 (＜.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behaviors

Model	B	SE	_β	t	p	Adjusted R²
1 (Constant) FSS	3.01	0.08		37.34	＜.001	.092
1 (Constant) FSS	-0.11	0.02	-0.31	-5.30	＜.001	.092
2 (Constant) FSS Perceived health status (fair)	2.98	0.08		37.42	＜.001	.118
	-0.09	0.02	-0.25	-4.19	＜.001
	-0.14	0.04	-0.18	-3.00	.003

FSS=fatigue severity scale.

REFERENCES

1.Jyung CY, Joo HS, Kim TW. Strategies for the improvement of military service value of soldiers in the army. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development. 2013;45(3):147-79.
2.Ko EJ. Fatigue, sleep patterns, social support and adaptation to military life among soldiers. Journal of Military Nursing Research. 2009;27(2):68-88.
3.Choi KT, Kim CG. The effect of stress management program for maladjusted soldiers. Korean Academy of Military Social Welfare. 2015;8(1):69-103.
4.Joe SY, Hyun HS, Jung OJ, Jung YS. Development of a health promotion program for small unit Soldiers Using PRECEDE Model. Journal of military nursing research. 2010;28(2):14-28.
5.Joe SY. Relations of health promoting behaviors, mental health, and military life adjustments of soldiers. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2003;12(2):164-71.
6.Son YJ, Park YR. Relationships between sleep quality, fatigue and depression on health promoting behavior by shift-work patterns in university hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science. 2011;13(3):229-37.
7.Lee JY, Kim KM. The factors related to health promotion behavior of the korean navy. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2015;17(3):1653-66.
8.Joe SY, KO EJ, Kim HH. Research on the health behaviors of military personnel: systematic literature review. Journal of military nursing research. 2001;29(1):124-37.
9.Pender NJ, Nurdaugh C, Parsons MAHealth promotion in nursing practice. 6th ed.. Boston, MA: Pearson; 2011.
10.Kim SO, So HY, Kim HL. A study on the fatigue and health promoting behavior of public health nurses and hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy Community Health Nursing. 2003;14(4):699-706.
11.World Health Organization. International association for the study of obesity, international obesity task force. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications; 2000. p. 15-21.
12.Snyder-Halpern R, Verran JA. Instrumentation to describe subjective sleep characteristics in healthy subjects. Research in Nursing and Health. 1987;10(3):155-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770100307.
13.Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale: application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Archives of Neurology. 1989;46(10):1121-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022.
14.Walker SN, Hill-Polreck D. Psychometric evaluation of the health promoting lifestyle profile-II. Paper presented at: the 1996 Scientic Session of the American Nurse Association's Council of Nurse Researchers 1996;;Washington DC..
15.Yun SN, Kim JH. Health-promoting behaviors of the women workers at the manufacturing industry-based on the Pender's health promotion model. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 1999;8(2):130-40.
16.Son KH, Kin SG, Jin YW, Kim SH, Kim SY, Bang YS, et al. Daytime sleepiness and fatigue in male adults in relation to shift work. Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2005;17(3):199-207.
17.Kim JY. A study on the safety accidents by shift systems. Korean Journal of Occupational And Environmental Medicine. 1996;8(2):330-9.
Article
PDF
18.Cho HS, Kim NH. Physical activity and fatigue in patients with cancer. Asian Oncology Nursing. 2010;10(1):30-7.
19.So HY, Yoon HS, Cho YC. Effects of quality of sleep and related factors for fatigue symptoms of nurses in an university hospital. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2008;20(4):513-25.
20.Valko PO, Bassetti CL, Bloch KE, Held U, Baumann CR. Validation of the fatigue severity scale in a Swiss cohort. Sleep. 2008;31(11):1601.
21.Choi-Kwon S, Han SW, Kwon SU, Kim JS. Poststroke fatigue: characteristics and related factors. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2005;19(2):84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000082784.
Article
PDF
22.Kleinman L, Zodet M, Hakim Z, Aledort J, Barker C, Chan K, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the fatigue severity scale for use in chronic hepatitis C. Quality of Life Research. 2000;9(5):499-508.
23.Kim HK. Factors influencing health promoting behaviors of university students using Pender's model. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2006;12(2):132-41.
24.Heo ML, Im SB. Depression and health promoting behavior depending on the climacteric symptoms of middle-aged male workers. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2012;21(3):239-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2012.21.3.239.
25.Lee SH, Chon MY. Health promotion behavior of the labor workers at the cement manufacturing company. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion. 2004;21(3):35-51.
26.Koo SS. Study for the problem of soldiers' mental health and the state of military counseling services. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2013;4(1):1-21.
27.Kim KS. The relationship among leisure sports' activities, helplessness, social support, and health promoting behaviour of the of the elderly. Journal of Korean Sociology of Sport. 2004;17(1):17-31.
28.Choo HY, Kim WP. A study on the architectural planning improvement for air force military barracks through the public opinion survey. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design. 2009;25(12):329-36.
29.Byeon YS, Oak JW. The relation between perceived health status and health-promoting behaviors in female college students. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2008;19(4):715-23.
30.Lee MY, Choi MH, Chung YK, Her EH. A study on the relations between health-promoting behaviors and selfefficacy/perceived health status. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 1999;10(1):140-53.

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Training on Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile among Soldiers
Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani, Mohammad Reza Jafari, Fatemeh Rahmati
ranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion.2022; 10(4): 350. CrossRef
A Quantile Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with First-Time Maternal Fatigue in Korea
Jeongok Park, Chang Gi Park, Kyoungjin Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 19(1): 215. CrossRef
An analysis of health behavior among professional military personnel using propensity score matching
Hee Jin Moon, Da Seul Kim, Kwang Kee Kim
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2021; 38(1): 1. CrossRef
Differences in Sleep, Fatigue, and Neurocognitive Function between Shift Nurses and Non-shift Nurses
Yoo Jin Jung, Seung Wan Kang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(2): 190. CrossRef

Cite

CITE

export

Copy Download

Format
XML Download

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Effects of Sleep and Fatigue on Soldiers Health Promoting Behaviors in Korean Army

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(1):106-115. Published online February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.106

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Effects of Sleep and Fatigue on Soldiers Health Promoting Behaviors in Korean Army

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(1):106-115. Published online February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.106

Effects of Sleep and Fatigue on Soldiers Health Promoting Behaviors in Korean Army

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD
General characteristics	Age (year)	≤21	35 (13.0)	22.48±1.38
		22	144 (53.5)
		≥23	90 (33.5)
	Level of education	≤High school	41 (15.2)
		Under college	76 (28.3)
		≥University	152 (56.5)
	Body mass index (kg/m2)	Underweight	7 (2.6)
		Normal	151 (56.1)
		Overweight	62 (23.0)
		Obese	49 (18.2)
	Perceived health status	Poor	10 (3.7)
		Fair	97 (36.1)
		Good	162 (60.2)
Military-related characteristics	Class	Private class	32 (11.9)
		Private first class	86 (32.0)
		Corporal	116 (43.1)
		Sergeant	35 (13.0)
	Service branch	Soldier	142 (52.8)
	Service branch	Chocolate olider	127 (47.2)
	Service period (months)	≤11	130 (48.3)	11.27±4.99
	Service period (months)	12~21	139 (51.7)
	The form of shift work	≥12hrs indoor work	58 (12.8)
		2hrs indoor work	182 (40.2)
		2hrs outdoor work	170 (37.5)
		et cetera	43 (9.5)
	The number of shift works	1	139 (51.7)
	The number of shift works	≥2	130 (48.3)

Table 2.

Sleep, Fatigue, and Health Promoting Behaviors of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Categories	Range	n (%)	M±SD
Duration of sleep		4~9		7.08±0.92
Quality of sleep		15~55		33.80±6.93
Fatigue severity scale		1~7		3.72±1.05
Fatigue group	Not fatigued		158 (58.7)
Fatigue group	Fatigued		111 (41.3)
Health promoting behaviors	Total	1.73~3.75		2.59±0.37
	Health responsibility	1.22~3.89		2.30±0.53
	Physical activity	1.00~3.88		2.49±0.65
	Nutrition	1.33~3.89		2.49±0.39
	Spiritual growth	1.44~4.00		2.85±0.50
	Interpersonal relations	1.56~4.00		3.01±0.49
	Stress management	1.38~3.88		2.39±0.47

Table 3.

Health Promoting Behaviors according to the Characteristics of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Variables	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p
General characteristics	Age (year)	≤21	2.58±0.35	1.23	.295
		22	2.57±0.40
		≥23	2.64±0.35
	Level of education	≤High school	2.64±0.39	0.98	.377
		Under college	2.54±0.37
		≥University	2.61±0.37
	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Non-obese	2.59±0.37	-0.30	.763
	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Obese	2.61±0.40	-0.30	.763
	Perceived health status	Poor	2.72±0.38	19.00^†	＜.001
		Fair	2.47±0.32
		Good	2.66±0.38
Military-related characteristics	Class	Private class	2.60±0.40	0.63	.598
		Private first class	2.57±0.36
		Corporal	2.59±0.37
		Sergeant	2.67±0.40
	Service branch	Soldier	2.62±0.37	1.12	.263
	Service branch	Chocolate solider	2.57±0.38	1.12	.263
	Service period (months)	≤11	2.56±0.37	-1.39	.164
	Service period (months)	12~21	2.63±0.38	-1.39	.164
	The number of shift work	1	2.62±0.33	1.02	.310
	The number of shift work	≥2	2.57±0.35	1.02	.310

^†Kruskal-Wallis test result (chi-square).

Table 4.

Correlations of Sleep, Fatigue, and Health Promoting Behaviors of the Subjects (N=269)

Variables	Duration of sleep	Quality of sleep	Fatigue	Health promoting behaviors
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Duration of sleep	1
Quality of sleep	-.390 (＜.001)	1
Fatigue	-.198 (.001)	.606 (＜.001)	1
Health promoting behaviors	.095 (.118)	-.238 (＜.001)	-.308 (＜.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behaviors

Model	B	SE	_β	t	p	Adjusted R²
1 (Constant) FSS	3.01	0.08		37.34	＜.001	.092
1 (Constant) FSS	-0.11	0.02	-0.31	-5.30	＜.001	.092
2 (Constant) FSS Perceived health status (fair)	2.98	0.08		37.42	＜.001	.118
	-0.09	0.02	-0.25	-4.19	＜.001
	-0.14	0.04	-0.18	-3.00	.003

FSS=fatigue severity scale.

Table 1. Characteristics of the Subjects (N=269)

Table 2. Sleep, Fatigue, and Health Promoting Behaviors of the Subjects (N=269)

Table 3. Health Promoting Behaviors according to the Characteristics of the Subjects (N=269)

†

Kruskal-Wallis test result (chi-square).

Table 4. Correlations of Sleep, Fatigue, and Health Promoting Behaviors of the Subjects (N=269)

Articles

Page Path

Effects of Sleep and Fatigue on Soldiers Health Promoting Behaviors in Korean Army

Full Article

Abstract

REFERENCES

Figure & Data

References

Citations

CITE

Download Citation

Format:

Include:

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

ABOUT

BROWSE ARTICLES

EDITORIAL POLICY

FOR CONTRIBUTORS