Purpose
Middle-aged women often experience weight gain, particularly as visceral fat, due to hormonal changes associated with menopause. Visceral fat, which accumulates in the abdomen, poses significant risks to cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the cardiometabolic risks associated with Visceral Fat Obesity (VFO) and Subcutaneous Fat Obesity (SFO) in middle-aged Korean women and to identify factors that influence VFO.
Methods
Women aged 40 to 64 with overweight or obesity were recruited from March to April 2019. The study involved anthropometric measurements, fasting blood tests, and low-volume abdominal computed tomography. Additionally, participants provided self-reported sociodemographic, health-related, and lifestyle information, including Physical Activity (PA) and dietary intake.
Results
Of all participants, 70.8% were post-menopausal, and 55.1% had VFO. Those with VFO exhibited significantly higher mean values for waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the Framingham risk score compared to those with SFO. The factors influencing VFO were age (odds ratio (OR)=1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.032~1.247), body mass index (OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.151 ~1.875), days of vigorous PA per week (OR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.244~0.735), and intake of animal calcium (OR=0.99; 95% CI, 0.988~0.997).
Conclusion
The findings indicate that middle-aged women with VFO face increased cardiometabolic risks. Since menopause is inevitable in women, targeting modifiable behaviors to reduce weight, particularly visceral fat, is crucial for lowering cardiometabolic risk.

Purpose
This study investigated the associations of awareness of blood pressure or blood sugar levels and subjective body weight perception with weight loss attempts in overweight and obese adults. Methods For this cross-sectional, descriptive, survey-based study, data were obtained from the 2021 Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The participants (N=6,571) were adult residents (≥19 years old) of northern Gyeonggi Province in Korea with body mass indexes of 23 kg/m² or greater. Results The average age of the participants was 53.11±16.56 years, with a range of 19 to 100 years. Among the participants, 73.2% responded that they had tried to maintain or lose weight in the past year. The prevalence of weight loss attempts was higher among participants with certain demographic characteristics-women (who comprised 39.2% of the study sample), younger individuals, and those with higher education levels-than among their counterparts. Conclusion Participants who were aware of their blood pressure or blood sugar levels and those with a perception of normal or obese body weight were more likely to attempt weight control than participants without these characteristics. Therefore, encouraging individuals to become aware of their blood pressure or blood sugar levels and to maintain an accurate perception of body weight may motivate them to attempt weight management.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the effect of multidisciplinary lifestyle modification program in overweight or obese middle-aged women.
METHODS
This study was conducted from January 2 to June 5, 2018 at Jeonju city in South Korea. A non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used. A total of 46 women were assigned to the experiment group (n=22) or the control group (n=24). The multidisciplinary lifestyle modification program for this study consisted of physical activity, nutritional management, stress management, health counseling, lifestyle monitoring, and affective support based on King's goal attainment theory, which was implemented for eight weeks.
RESULTS
Significant group differences were found in health- promoting behavior (p<.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p=.018), stress (p=.001), weight loss (p=.002) and reproductive symptoms (p=.020) among over-weight and obese middle-aged women.
CONCLUSION
Multidisciplinary lifestyle modification program is effective in improving health-promoting behavior, depression, anxiety, stress, weight loss and reproductive symptoms. Therefore, healthcare providers should develop strategies to expand and provide multidisciplinary lifestyle modification program through interaction and transaction for overweight or obese middle-aged women.

Citations

• The effects of a lifestyle intervention for men in infertile couples in South Korea: a non-randomized controlled trial
  Yun Mi Kim, Ju-Hee Nho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(2): 191.     CrossRef
• Research Trends of Lifestyle Intervention for Women With Obesity: A Text Network Analysis
  Sook Kyoung Park, Ju-Hee Nho
  Journal of Lifestyle Medicine.2023; 13(1): 44.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting unmet healthcare needs of low-income overweight and obese women in Korea: analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017
  Ju-Hee Nho, Sook Kyoung Park
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(2): 93.     CrossRef
• The development of a lifestyle modification mobile application, “Health for You” for overweight and obese breast cancer survivors in Korea
  Su-Jin Seo, Ju-Hee Nho, Youngsam Park
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(3): 243.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention on Health-Promoting Behavior, Psychological Distress and Reproductive Health of Overweight and Obese Female College Students
  Ju-Hee Nho, Soo-Wan Chae
  Healthcare.2021; 9(3): 309.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on the Health-Promoting Behavior, Type D Personality, Cognitive Function and Body Composition of Low-Income Middle-Aged Korean Women
  Eun-Jin Kim, Ju-Hee Nho, Hye-Young Kim, Sook-Kyoung Park
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5637.     CrossRef
• Effects of Nurse-Led Intervention Programs Based on Goal Attainment Theory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Bom-Mi Park
  Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 699.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of an Antiviral Agent Medication Adherence Education Program for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
  Hoo Jeung Cho, Euna Park
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(18): 6518.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study investigated Korean women in between age 30 to 60 who were obese or overweight in order to explore their self-perception based on lifetime phase.
METHODS
Focus group interviews were performed four times with six to eight participants in each group (a total of 27). Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.
RESULTS
The data analysis from the interviews revealed recurring common themes: heavy heart, heavy body, resigned acceptance of their own condition, and compromise. The study also found that each age group had different concerns: concerning others' gaze on their obese appearances (30s), realizing their aging obese appearances (40s), recognizing red flags of their health with obesity (50s), and becoming ambivalent about their obese appearances (60s). Overall, their perceptions of being overweight were negative and stressful. Women in their 30s and 40s were more interested in their appearances, and thus were more obsessive about weight gain. In contrast, women in their 50s and 60s were more accepting of their physical appearances, and thus were more concerned about living healthy than losing weight.
CONCLUSION
These results may be useful to consider when developing tailored weight-control programs for obese and overweight Korean women. Additionally, strategic approaches for successful and effective programs targeting healthy weight should be based on better understanding about women's self-perceptions and motivations.

Citations

• Exploring Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity among Korean American Women
  JiWon Choi, Juhyun Cho, Nah-Mee Shin, Janice Tsoh
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2021; 43(9): 817.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Body Image Discordance Amongst Korean Adults Aged 19–39 Years
  Hye-Young Jang, Jung-Won Ahn, Mi-Kyeong Jeon
  Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2018; 9(4): 197.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compared two methods for measuring fluid intake and to assess the most effective method.
METHODS
Data from 44 hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease was analyzed. Two methods were used. The liquid method is to measure the daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage and IV fluid, the liquid-solid method is to measure the daily intake of water which enters by the oral route and IV fluid.
RESULTS
The daily intake of fluid was 1483.10mL and 2245.99mL respectively. The fluid output was 1883.72 mL. The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) between the liquid method and the liquid-solid method and fluid output was 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. The correlation between differences of fluid in two methods and body weight change was r=.47 (p<.001) and r=.56 (p<.001), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that there are no difference between the two measuring methods as to reflecting the most close value to fluid output. And the difference between intake and output by two methods is correlated with body weight change. Therefore, it can be suggested that the either method could be useful as patients' fluid intake measurement.

Citations

• Nurses' Perception and Practice of Fluid Intake and Output Measurement
  Nam-Yi Kang, Sukhee Ahn
  Journal of muscle and joint health.2016; 23(2): 84.     CrossRef
• Effects of Fluid Therapy Education Program for Aged Stroke Patients
  Jee Sun Lim, Hyun Sook Jo
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(3): 277.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to discover the essence and the structure of the experiences of weight control by nursing students.
METHODS
Participants were 12 nursing students who had tried losing weight at C university in Busan, Korea. The data were collected from June 17 to August 6, 2006. For the purpose of this study, focus group discussions and in depth interviews were employed.
RESULTS
The collected data were analyzed by using Giorgi's method. As the results of the analysis, the following four components of experience were derived: My appearance looked abnorml; Measures for self-realization; Pursuit of my own way only; Feelings of accomplishment and self confidence.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to develop an effective weight control program with minimized side effects that are harmful to health, based on the components of the nursing students' experiences in weight control that were identified in this study.

PURPOSE
To examine the effects of power walking exercise on fatigue and overweight in college students with Taeumin constitution. METHODS: According to results of the constitution diagnosis (QSCC II), 58 students who were identified as Taeumin, whose BMI was over 23 were assigned to one of three groups. The power walking group walked fast at a speed of 7,000 steps per hour using a pedometer, and the walking group walked at a speed of 5,000 steps per hour. There was no treatment with control group. Each group's fatigue level, blood lipids and body composition before and after the experiment were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Total fatigue and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the walking group and the control group. Weight decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the control group, and percentage of body fat decreased significantly in both the power walking group and the walking group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: When power walking exercise was used with overweight Taeumin students, fatigue, blood lipid, weight and percentage of body fat decreased significantly.

PURPOSE
the purposes of this study were: to contribute to maintaining and promoting health for female college students by identifying their body weight control behaviors and the Affecting factors; and, to serve as a basis for the development of weight control programs to orient their weight management to a desirable direction specifically for those who have low or normal body weight but still practice body weight control in a way that is neither useful nor desirable. METHOD: The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The main predictive factors affecting body weight control was 'between - meal snack', 'family support', 'satisfaction with their diet', 'possession of secret method for weight loss', 'body image', 'satisfaction with university life', and 'interest in weight control'. CONCLUSION: It may be necessary to develope educational programs on weight control for female collegians in consideration of affecting body weight control behavior.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between objective obesity, subjective obesity, body attitudes and dieting among college women.
METHOD
The convenience sample consisted of 531 women. BMI was calculated based on self-reported weight and height. Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) was used to evaluate attitude toward women's body.
RESULT
BMI mean score was 19.75. Based on BMI, 84.2 percent of the subjects were in a normal weight range and 0.9 percent of the subjects were obese. However, 26.9 percent of the subjects evaluated themselves as obese. Forty-one percent of the subjects were on a diet to reduce thier body weight. Body attitudes were associated with BMI and subjective obesity. BMI of the dieters was higher than that of the subjects who were not on a diet. Subjective obesity was associated with dieting. BAQ subscales except 'attractiveness' were associated with dieting.
CONCLUSION
Many subjects were on a diet since they wanted to be thinner. Body attitudes were associated with dieting. Therefore, proper education is needed in weight management for young adult women.

PURPOSE
This descriptive study was designed to investigate Body Mass Index(BMI), weight control behavior, and self-esteem in high school adolescents.
METHOD
The convenience sample consisted of 129 high school females and 106 high school males. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from November to December, 1999. BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height to identify objective obesity. Self evaluation about subjective obesity was measured by a single item question. Preferred BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height which the subjects desired. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was utilized to measure the level of self-esteem.
RESULTS
Results of the study revealed that high school females perceived themselves as more more obese than their the actual BMI, excessively participated in dieting behavior and exercises, and reported lower self-esteem than that of males.
CONCLUSION
Based on this study, health care providers need to educate female adolescents about healthy behavior as well as the normal weight range in BMI.

The purpose of the study was to investigate Body Mass Index (BMI), the perception of weight problem and the level of self-esteem and depression in high school and college females. The convenience sample consisted of 303 high school females and 481 college females. Data were collected between November 1999 and December 1999. Subjects ranged in age from 15 years and 26 years. BMI was calculated based on the subject's self-reported body weight and height. Self-perception of having a weight problem was evaluated by a single item question. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were utilized to measure the level of self-esteem and depression symptoms. BMI mean scores were 19.92 and 19.83 in high school females and college females, respectively. Based on BMI, 79.2 percent of high school females and 85.2 percent of college females were in a normal weight range. Only 2.6 percent of high school females and 1.5 percent college females were obese. Both high school and college females perceived their body weight problem as moderately severe. The mean scores of depression were 20.33 in high school females and 21.69 in college females. Sixty percent of high school females were depressed and 73.4 percent of college students. There was no significant difference between two groups in BMI. However, high school females perceived their weight problem more severe than college females. College females had higher levels of self-esteem and depression than high school females. BMI and perceptions of weight problem revealed a positive relationship in both groups. Results of the study revealed that a perception of weight problem contributed significantly to predict the level of self-esteem and depression in both groups. BMI score had significant effect on only college females' self-esteem. In the study, even though the mean score of BMI was in a normal range, subjects perceived their weight problems as moderatley severe. Since the perception of a weight problem influenced the level of self-esteem and depression, health care providers need to teach them about the normal weight range in BMI criteria.

Hemodialysis(HD)-associated hypotension is a frequent complication, but it is difficult to manage. Until now, several maneuvers have been tried to prevent the HD-associated hypotension. Of these, the sodium content of dialysate was regarded as an important factor for maintaining blood pressure during HD. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hypertonic dialysate on blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain and the incidence of thirst. The study was done for 6 weeks successively with 3 different groups. Each patient was dialysed with 3 different dialysates for 2 weeks: Group I(Conventional HD: sodium concentration: 137 mEq/L), Group II(Hypertonic HD: 147 mEq/L) and Group III (Sequential HD: from 147 to 140 mEq/L). Hemodynamic parameters(blood pressure, pulse rate and ultrafiltration rate), biochemical parameters(hematocrits, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride, fasting blood sugar) and complications (interdialytic weight gain &thirsty sensation) were compared among 3 groups. The results were as follows: 1. Decline of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at the time of a 3 hour check during hemodialysis was lower in the Group II than Group I and III (p=0.002; p=0.012). and decline of diastolic blood pressure at the time of a 4 hour check during hemodialysis was lower in the Group II and III than Group I(p=0.04). 2. ncidence of hypotensive episodes during dialysis was significantly lower in Group II than group I (p=0.0287). 3. The ultrafiltration in Group III at the time of 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour check during hemodialysis was higher than that in Group I and II at the time of 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour check during emodialysis respectively (p=0.0001; p=0.0001; p=0.0004). 4. Interdialytic weight gain was higher in Group II(3.1+/-0.8) than GroupI(2.8+/-0.8) and III (2.9+/-0.9) (p=0.0422). 5. Hematologic and biochemical results were not significantly different among 3 Groups. 6. Frequency of thirst was different in Group I, II and III, 0.05+/-0.12, 0.41+/-0.24 and 0.22+/-0.29 respectively (p=0.0259). The results suggest that hypertonic HD was effective in preventing HD-associated hypotension but interdialytic weight gain and thirst sensations were increased as compared with a conventional method. In this situation, sequential HD seems to be an alternative method to minimizes the side effect of hypertonic HD.