• KSAN
  • Contact us
  • E-Submission

Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

OPEN ACCESS
mobile search button mobile menu button
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
EDITORIAL POLICY
FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Articles

Page Path

Original Research

A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements

Chang Kwan Lee, Yu Kyung Kim, Myung Hwa Seo, Kyung Mee Lee, Ju Eun Lee
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2013;25(5):567-573.
Published online: October 18, 2013

Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Chang Kwan Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3410-2104, Fax: +82-2-3410-0031, E-mail: ckj.lee@samsung.com
• Received: June 25, 2013   • Accepted: October 24, 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 17 Views
  • 0 Download
  • 2 Crossref
prev next

Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF
  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to compared two methods for measuring fluid intake and to assess the most effective method.
  • Methods
    Data from 44 hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease was analyzed. Two methods were used. The liquid method is to measure the daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage and IV fluid, the liquid-solid method is to measure the daily intake of water which enters by the oral route and IV fluid.
  • Results
    The daily intake of fluid was 1483.10mL and 2245.99mL respectively. The fluid output was 1883.72 mL. The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) between the liquid method and the liquid-solid method and fluid output was 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. The correlation between differences of fluid in two methods and body weight change was r=.47 (p<.001) and r=.56 (p<.001), respectively.
  • Conclusion
    The results of this study suggest that there are no difference between the two measuring methods as to reflecting the most close value to fluid output. And the difference between intake and output by two methods is correlated with body weight change. Therefore, it can be suggested that the either method could be useful as patients' fluid intake measurement.
  • Key Words: Fluid balance; Body weight measurements; Intake
Table 1.
General and Disease-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=44)
Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 21 (47.7)
Female 23 (52.3)
Age (year)   52.4±19.2
19~40 17 (38.6)
41~64 10 (22.7)
65~84 17 (38.6)
Disease Chronic kidney disease 27 (61.4)
Glomerulo nephritis 13 (29.6)
Other diseases 4 (9.0)
Duration after diagnosis (year) ＜1 16 (36.4)
1~5 10 (22.7)
6~10 7 (15.9)
＞10 11 (25.0)
Diuretics, per oral Yes 13 (29.5)
No 31 (70.5)
Intravenous fluid volume (mL) 0 23 (52.3)
＜500 12 (27.3)
500~1,000 8 (18.2)
1001~1,500 1 (2.3)
e-GFR ≥90 1 (2.4)
60~89 6 (13.6)
30~59 12 (27.3)
15~29 25 (56.7)
Body temperature (℃)   36.6±0.3
＜37 38 (86.4)
37~37.5 6 (13.6)
Body weight change (for 3days) (gm) ＜500 24 (54.5)
500~1,000 20 (45.5)
Diet General diet 41 (93.1)
Soft diet 3 (6.9)

e-GFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Table 2.
Comparison of Amount of Fluid Intake and Output between Two Different Methods (N=44)
Methods Amount of fluid intake, mL Amount of fluid output, mL
M±SD M±SD
Liquid method 1,483.10±808.67 1,883.72±865.81
Liquid-solid method 2,245.99±873.42  
Difference 762.89±64.75  
Table 3.
Difference of Intra-class Correlations between Liquid and Liquid-solid Methods (N=44)
Methods ICC Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI p
Liquid method 0.64 0.43 0.79  
Liquid-solid method 0.69 0.50 0.82  
Difference 0.05 -0.12 0.24 ＞.050　

CI=confidence interval; ICC=intra-class correlations.

Table 4.
Correlation between Differences in Fluid Intake an Output by Two Different Methods and Weight Change (N=44
Methods Weight change
r(p)
Difference in intake and output by liquid method .47(＜.001)
Difference in intake and output by liquid-solid method .56(＜.001)
  • Bae S. Y.. 2011. Sodium intake and excretion in adult women, and excessive sodium intake contributes food. Daegu: Kei-myung University.
  • Brez S., Steen E., Handke A.. 1998;Teaching patients INs and OUTs. Canadian Nurse. 94(4):51-52.
  • Choi K. S., Yang Y. H., Jung Y.. 1995;A study on fluid intake and output measurements. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 25(1):88-98.
  • Guyton A. C., Hall J. E.. 2006. Pocket companion to textbook of medical physiology. 11th ed.. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
  • Kim G. S.. 1998. Basic nursing practice. Seoul: Seoul National University Press.
  • Lee S. J., Song W. S., Yoon S. O.. 2004;Correlation between the method of measurement of intake, output and the weight change-Lung resection patients Paper presented at the Samsung Medical Center Nursing Conference, Seoul..
  • Machin D., Campbell M. J., Tan S. B., Tan S. H.. 2009. Sample size tables for clinical studies. 3rd ed.. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Mank A., Semin-Goossens A., Lelie J., Bakker P., Vos R.. 2003;Monitoring hyperhydration during high-dose chemotherapy: Body weight or fluid balance? Acta Haematologica. 109(4):163-168.
  • Meiner S. E.. 2002;Fluid balance documentation: A case study of daily weight and intake/output omissions. Geriatric Nursing. 23(1):46-47.
  • National Academy of Agricultural Science. 2010;Menugen Retrieved August 1, 2009, from the National Academy of Agricultural Science Web site:.http://koreanfood.rda.go.kr/mgn/mgnmealinfo_mealquery.aspx.
  • Potter P. A., Perry A. G.. 2009. Fundamentals of nursing. 7th ed.. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
  • Song K. A., Park H. S., Hong Y. H., Yoon E. J., Lee K. Y., Cho B. H.. 2008. Fundamentals of nursing. Seoul: Soo-munsa.
  • Travers B., O'loughlin C., Murphy N., Ryder M., Coulon C., Ledwidge M., et al. 2007;Fluid restriction in the management decompansated heart failure: No impact on time to clinical stability. Journal of Cardic Failure. 13(2):128-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.10.012.
  • Wise L. C., Mersch J., Racioppi J., Crosier J., Thompson C.. 2000;Evaluating the reliability and utility of cumulative intake and output. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 14(3):37-42.
  • Yang Y. H., Choi K. S., Kim E. K., Sung I. S.. 1996;A study of the fluid balance of the patients on soft diets. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 26(3):688-696.

Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Nurses' Perception and Practice of Fluid Intake and Output Measurement
      Nam-Yi Kang, Sukhee Ahn
      Journal of muscle and joint health.2016; 23(2): 84.     CrossRef
    • Effects of Fluid Therapy Education Program for Aged Stroke Patients
      Jee Sun Lim, Hyun Sook Jo
      Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(3): 277.     CrossRef

    Download Citation

    Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

    Format:

    Include:

    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(5):567-573.   Published online October 31, 2013
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.5.567
    Download Citation
    Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
    Format:
    • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
    • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
    Include:
    • Citation for the content below
    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(5):567-573.   Published online October 31, 2013
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.5.567
    Close
    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements
    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements

    General and Disease-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=44)

    Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD
    Gender Male 21 (47.7)
    Female 23 (52.3)
    Age (year)   52.4±19.2
    19~40 17 (38.6)
    41~64 10 (22.7)
    65~84 17 (38.6)
    Disease Chronic kidney disease 27 (61.4)
    Glomerulo nephritis 13 (29.6)
    Other diseases 4 (9.0)
    Duration after diagnosis (year) ＜1 16 (36.4)
    1~5 10 (22.7)
    6~10 7 (15.9)
    ＞10 11 (25.0)
    Diuretics, per oral Yes 13 (29.5)
    No 31 (70.5)
    Intravenous fluid volume (mL) 0 23 (52.3)
    ＜500 12 (27.3)
    500~1,000 8 (18.2)
    1001~1,500 1 (2.3)
    e-GFR ≥90 1 (2.4)
    60~89 6 (13.6)
    30~59 12 (27.3)
    15~29 25 (56.7)
    Body temperature (℃)   36.6±0.3
    ＜37 38 (86.4)
    37~37.5 6 (13.6)
    Body weight change (for 3days) (gm) ＜500 24 (54.5)
    500~1,000 20 (45.5)
    Diet General diet 41 (93.1)
    Soft diet 3 (6.9)

    e-GFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

    Comparison of Amount of Fluid Intake and Output between Two Different Methods (N=44)

    Methods Amount of fluid intake, mL Amount of fluid output, mL
    M±SD M±SD
    Liquid method 1,483.10±808.67 1,883.72±865.81
    Liquid-solid method 2,245.99±873.42  
    Difference 762.89±64.75  

    Difference of Intra-class Correlations between Liquid and Liquid-solid Methods (N=44)

    Methods ICC Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI p
    Liquid method 0.64 0.43 0.79  
    Liquid-solid method 0.69 0.50 0.82  
    Difference 0.05 -0.12 0.24 ＞.050　

    CI=confidence interval; ICC=intra-class correlations.

    Correlation between Differences in Fluid Intake an Output by Two Different Methods and Weight Change (N=44

    Methods Weight change
    r(p)
    Difference in intake and output by liquid method .47(＜.001)
    Difference in intake and output by liquid-solid method .56(＜.001)
    Table 1. General and Disease-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=44)

    e-GFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

    Table 2. Comparison of Amount of Fluid Intake and Output between Two Different Methods (N=44)

    Table 3. Difference of Intra-class Correlations between Liquid and Liquid-solid Methods (N=44)

    CI=confidence interval; ICC=intra-class correlations.

    Table 4. Correlation between Differences in Fluid Intake an Output by Two Different Methods and Weight Change (N=44

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

    Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

    ABOUT

    BROWSE ARTICLES 

    EDITORIAL POLICY

    FOR CONTRIBUTORS  

    © Korean Society of Adult Nursing.
    TOP