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A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements

Chang Kwan Lee, Yu Kyung Kim, Myung Hwa Seo, Kyung Mee Lee, Ju Eun Lee
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2013;25(5):567-573.
Published online: October 18, 2013

Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Chang Kwan Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3410-2104, Fax: +82-2-3410-0031, E-mail: ckj.lee@samsung.com
• Received: June 25, 2013   • Accepted: October 24, 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to compared two methods for measuring fluid intake and to assess the most effective method.
  • Methods
    Data from 44 hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease was analyzed. Two methods were used. The liquid method is to measure the daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage and IV fluid, the liquid-solid method is to measure the daily intake of water which enters by the oral route and IV fluid.
  • Results
    The daily intake of fluid was 1483.10mL and 2245.99mL respectively. The fluid output was 1883.72 mL. The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) between the liquid method and the liquid-solid method and fluid output was 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. The correlation between differences of fluid in two methods and body weight change was r=.47 (p<.001) and r=.56 (p<.001), respectively.
  • Conclusion
    The results of this study suggest that there are no difference between the two measuring methods as to reflecting the most close value to fluid output. And the difference between intake and output by two methods is correlated with body weight change. Therefore, it can be suggested that the either method could be useful as patients' fluid intake measurement.
  • Key Words: Fluid balance; Body weight measurements; Intake
Table 1.
General and Disease-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=44)
Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 21 (47.7)
Female 23 (52.3)
Age (year)   52.4±19.2
19~40 17 (38.6)
41~64 10 (22.7)
65~84 17 (38.6)
Disease Chronic kidney disease 27 (61.4)
Glomerulo nephritis 13 (29.6)
Other diseases 4 (9.0)
Duration after diagnosis (year) ＜1 16 (36.4)
1~5 10 (22.7)
6~10 7 (15.9)
＞10 11 (25.0)
Diuretics, per oral Yes 13 (29.5)
No 31 (70.5)
Intravenous fluid volume (mL) 0 23 (52.3)
＜500 12 (27.3)
500~1,000 8 (18.2)
1001~1,500 1 (2.3)
e-GFR ≥90 1 (2.4)
60~89 6 (13.6)
30~59 12 (27.3)
15~29 25 (56.7)
Body temperature (℃)   36.6±0.3
＜37 38 (86.4)
37~37.5 6 (13.6)
Body weight change (for 3days) (gm) ＜500 24 (54.5)
500~1,000 20 (45.5)
Diet General diet 41 (93.1)
Soft diet 3 (6.9)

e-GFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Table 2.
Comparison of Amount of Fluid Intake and Output between Two Different Methods (N=44)
Methods Amount of fluid intake, mL Amount of fluid output, mL
M±SD M±SD
Liquid method 1,483.10±808.67 1,883.72±865.81
Liquid-solid method 2,245.99±873.42  
Difference 762.89±64.75  
Table 3.
Difference of Intra-class Correlations between Liquid and Liquid-solid Methods (N=44)
Methods ICC Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI p
Liquid method 0.64 0.43 0.79  
Liquid-solid method 0.69 0.50 0.82  
Difference 0.05 -0.12 0.24 ＞.050　

CI=confidence interval; ICC=intra-class correlations.

Table 4.
Correlation between Differences in Fluid Intake an Output by Two Different Methods and Weight Change (N=44
Methods Weight change
r(p)
Difference in intake and output by liquid method .47(＜.001)
Difference in intake and output by liquid-solid method .56(＜.001)
  • Bae S. Y.. 2011. Sodium intake and excretion in adult women, and excessive sodium intake contributes food. Daegu: Kei-myung University.
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  • Wise L. C., Mersch J., Racioppi J., Crosier J., Thompson C.. 2000;Evaluating the reliability and utility of cumulative intake and output. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 14(3):37-42.
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    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Nurses' Perception and Practice of Fluid Intake and Output Measurement
      Nam-Yi Kang, Sukhee Ahn
      Journal of muscle and joint health.2016; 23(2): 84.     CrossRef
    • Effects of Fluid Therapy Education Program for Aged Stroke Patients
      Jee Sun Lim, Hyun Sook Jo
      Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(3): 277.     CrossRef

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    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(5):567-573.   Published online October 31, 2013
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.5.567
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    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(5):567-573.   Published online October 31, 2013
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.5.567
    Close
    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements
    A Study on Fluid Intake Measurements

    General and Disease-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=44)

    Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD
    Gender Male 21 (47.7)
    Female 23 (52.3)
    Age (year)   52.4±19.2
    19~40 17 (38.6)
    41~64 10 (22.7)
    65~84 17 (38.6)
    Disease Chronic kidney disease 27 (61.4)
    Glomerulo nephritis 13 (29.6)
    Other diseases 4 (9.0)
    Duration after diagnosis (year) ＜1 16 (36.4)
    1~5 10 (22.7)
    6~10 7 (15.9)
    ＞10 11 (25.0)
    Diuretics, per oral Yes 13 (29.5)
    No 31 (70.5)
    Intravenous fluid volume (mL) 0 23 (52.3)
    ＜500 12 (27.3)
    500~1,000 8 (18.2)
    1001~1,500 1 (2.3)
    e-GFR ≥90 1 (2.4)
    60~89 6 (13.6)
    30~59 12 (27.3)
    15~29 25 (56.7)
    Body temperature (℃)   36.6±0.3
    ＜37 38 (86.4)
    37~37.5 6 (13.6)
    Body weight change (for 3days) (gm) ＜500 24 (54.5)
    500~1,000 20 (45.5)
    Diet General diet 41 (93.1)
    Soft diet 3 (6.9)

    e-GFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

    Comparison of Amount of Fluid Intake and Output between Two Different Methods (N=44)

    Methods Amount of fluid intake, mL Amount of fluid output, mL
    M±SD M±SD
    Liquid method 1,483.10±808.67 1,883.72±865.81
    Liquid-solid method 2,245.99±873.42  
    Difference 762.89±64.75  

    Difference of Intra-class Correlations between Liquid and Liquid-solid Methods (N=44)

    Methods ICC Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI p
    Liquid method 0.64 0.43 0.79  
    Liquid-solid method 0.69 0.50 0.82  
    Difference 0.05 -0.12 0.24 ＞.050　

    CI=confidence interval; ICC=intra-class correlations.

    Correlation between Differences in Fluid Intake an Output by Two Different Methods and Weight Change (N=44

    Methods Weight change
    r(p)
    Difference in intake and output by liquid method .47(＜.001)
    Difference in intake and output by liquid-solid method .56(＜.001)
    Table 1. General and Disease-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=44)

    e-GFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

    Table 2. Comparison of Amount of Fluid Intake and Output between Two Different Methods (N=44)

    Table 3. Difference of Intra-class Correlations between Liquid and Liquid-solid Methods (N=44)

    CI=confidence interval; ICC=intra-class correlations.

    Table 4. Correlation between Differences in Fluid Intake an Output by Two Different Methods and Weight Change (N=44

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

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