Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the effects of stigma, social support, and resilience on post-traumatic growth in patients with stroke and to provide foundational data for developing nursing interventions that can effectively promote post-traumatic growth in this population.
Methods This cross-sectional study employed a questionnaire-based survey. The participants were 150 patients who attended the neurology outpatient clinic three months after a stroke diagnosis. Data were collected between February and April 2024 using a structured self-report questionnaire. Analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, inferential statistics(independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffé's test), and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 27.0.
Results The mean post-traumatic growth score was 2.52±1.05 out of 5. Significant factors affecting post-traumatic growth were age, education, religion, the presence of a housemate, income, time since stroke onset, stroke type, and stroke recurrence. Post-traumatic growth was positively correlated with social support (r=.44, p<.001) and resilience (r=.53, p<.001), but not significantly correlated with stigma. Regression analysis identified resilience (β=.37, p<.001), religion (β=.29, p<.001), and stroke type (β=.23, p=.033) as significant predictors, explaining 44.2% of the variance in post-traumatic growth (F=9.45, p<.001).
Conclusion Developing and implementing nursing interventions to increase resilience may be crucial for promoting post-traumatic growth in patients with stroke. Further research is needed to design and evaluate these interventions.
Purpose COVID-19 is both a national crisis and a cause of individual trauma. This trauma is experienced during the period of acute illness and for an unpredictable duration after recovery. This study explored experiences of COVID-19 patients in hospital isolation, providing a detailed account of their experiences to furnish basic data necessary for establishing strategies to address the psychosocial problems that may arise from the hospital isolation process and recovery period.
Methods: We conducted comprehensive interviews and qualitative content analysis.
We held in-depth interviews with five COVID-19 patients from May 16 to August 22, 2021, and also analyzed data from interviews with five patients conducted as part of another study on COVID-19 patients' perceptions. Thus, 10 participants' interviews were analyzed in this study.
Results: From the qualitative data, 34 codes, 9 subcategories, and 4 categories were identified. The categories included "Prioritization of epidemic prevention over treatment," "Victims who have been labeled as perpetrators," "Gratitude felt in difficult moments," and "Demand for respect from the system and society." After analyzing these categories, we derived the overarching theme of "It's okay, but it's not okay." Conclusion: During isolation treatment, it is crucial to uphold human rights as much as possible by prioritizing patient care, providing a comfortable environment, and offering clear guidance on their progress. Communication between patients and caregivers should be facilitated to provide psychological support.
Furthermore, national policies such as economic compensation and strategies for post-traumatic growth should be implemented to address grievances and facilitate recovery.
Purpose This study aimed to translate and adapt the Type 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-1) into Korean and investigate its validity and reliability for Korean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Methods Following a forward-backward translation process, six experts evaluated the content validity of the translated DSAS-1. The DSAS-1 scale (19 items) was administered to 106 T1DM patients, and the data were analyzed. Construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and scale reliability were examined using confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach’s α coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 26.0.
Results The item “Some people expect less of me because I have Type 1 diabetes” had a factor loading of .41 in confirmatory factor analyses. When the item was removed, the average variance extracted increased from .47 to .53. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate model fit indices (χ2/df=1.60, p<.001, GFI=.82, RMSEA=.075, CFI=.92, TLI=.90). The DSAS-1-K (18 items) exhibited moderate convergent and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s α for the overall scale (18 items) was .90, and the three-factor scale ranged from .84 to .89.
Conclusion Our results indicate that 18 DSAS-1 items are recommended in Korea. However, the original scale’s copyright issue prevented any modifications. When using 19 items, the convergent validity was partially unsatisfactory; the model fit index was somewhat low but within the acceptable range. Therefore, we suggest that researchers using the DSAS-1-K (19 items) should consider the results of our study.
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Purpose To investigate the relationship between stigma, adjustment, and quality of life of middle-aged male patients with lung cancer and the influences of those factors on the patients’ quality of life. Methods A descriptive survey design was used. A total of 120 male patients between 45 to 64 years participated in the study. They answered a self-reported survey composed of Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale, Korean Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, and The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-General Version 4. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression by the SPSS 25 version. Results The stigma showed a positive correlation with “helplessness-hopelessness” and “anxious preoccupation” (r=.30, p=.001; r=.41, p<.001, respectively), and a negative correlation with emotional well-being (r=-.24, p=.008).
“Helplessness-hopelessness” and “anxious preoccupation” were negatively correlated with quality of life (r=-.61, p<.001; r=-.46, p<.001, respectively). “Fatalism”, “fighting spirit”, and “cognitive avoidance” showed positive correlations with quality of life (r=.37, p<.001; r=.42, p<.001; r=.19, p=.035, respectively). Factors influencing quality of life by multiple regression were identified as helpless-hopelessness, fatalism, performance status, and anxious preoccupation (F=35.76, p<.001, Adjusted R2 =54%). Conclusion Maximizing positive adjustment response and improving performance status were effective in improving quality of life of middle-aged male patients with lung cancer. The development of nursing interventions focusing on psychological adjustment and physical activity should be warranted for the given patient population.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to explore medication adherence and its related factors, stigma, self-efficacy, and sense of coherence in patients with tuberculosis. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 130 adult outpatients with tuberculosis at a university hospital in Busan during from May 1 to August 21, 2017. The data were collected using structured questionnaires comprising research instruments measuring medication adherence, stigma, self-efficacy, and sense of coherence and face-to-face interviews and medical records for treatment delays and participant characteristics. The SPSS/WIN 22.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean score for medication adherence was 4.86±1.48. The factors related to medication adherence in adult outpatients with tuberculosis were stigma (β=−.23, p=.004), self-efficacy (β=.20, p=.036), perceived family support (β=.19, p=.012), and alcohol (β=−.19, p=.021), which explained 38.9% of the variance in medication adherence. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that a nursing intervention must be designed to reduce stigma, improve self-efficacy, promote family support, and stop alcohol consumption in order to enhance the medication adherence in adult patients with tuberculosis. Efforts need to educate and encourage tuberculosis patients to adhere strictly to their drugs and conduct various campaigns against the negative perception of tuberculosis.
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PURPOSE Lung cancer patients are often stigmatized since lung cancer is closely associated with smoking, which is a self-administered life style. The stigma of lung cancer has been examined in some qualitative studies; however, their findings were diverse and not yet synthesized. Therefore, this meta-synthesis study aimed to explore how lung cancer patients experience stigma. METHODS A meta-synthesis method, as suggested by Sandelowski and Barroso in 2007, was applied by aggregating the findings after an evaluation according to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). RESULTS By synthesizing the findings of the selected seven papers, a synthesized theme was emerged as "experiencing external and internal distances, which mandates authentic and consistent supports." The four sub-themes included 'experiencing some distance from the surrounded world,' 'experiencing self-made distance between the disease and oneself,' 'the disease experience causes social isolation and loneliness,' and 'there is lack of supportive care for myself.' CONCLUSION: Health care providers should be more attentive to supporting lung cancer patients by providing more effective advocacy programs that improve patients' quality of life.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of hope and depression applied on the influence of social stigma on suicidal ideation of 108 HIV infected males. METHODS This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional design that used a survey approach. Data collection was one-on-one interviews by a counseling nurse from July 2012 to January 2013. The survey included questions about social stigma, hope, depression, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Fitness of the hypothetical model was appropriate (chi2/df=1.97, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04). Social stigma had no direct effect on suicidal ideation but had a significant indirect effect on suicidal ideation via hope and depression. Hope had a mediating effect the relationship between stigma and depression but no direct effect on the relationship between stigma and suicidal ideation. Hope had an indirect effect on suicidal ideation via depression. Stigma and hope accounted for 41% of depression was where as suicidal ideation was explained 56.3% by depression, hope, and stigma. CONCLUSION In order to reduce depression and suicidal ideation of HIV infected people, stigma improving strategies are required. And hope intervention for HIV infected people may decrease their suicidal ideation and depression.
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