Purpose
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) rises significantly in the post-middle-age population, and stress along with depressive symptoms hinders effective DM management. This study examined the mediating effect of social capital (trust in the physical environment, reciprocity, social participation, and social networks) on the relationship between perceived stress and depression among middle-aged adults with DM in Korea. It also aimed to provide data for developing targeted interventions to enhance blood glucose management in this population.
Methods
A descriptive correlational study using data from the 2019 Community Health Survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) was conducted. Complex sample regression analysis and the Sobel test were employed for mediation analysis. The study included 9,394 middle-aged adults (aged 45-64 years) diagnosed with DM. The analysis assessed the effects of perceived stress on social capital and depression, as well as the mediating role of social capital.
Results
Perceived stress negatively impacted social capital (β=-0.16, p<.001) and positively influenced depression (β=0.37, p<.001). Both perceived stress and social capital significantly affected depression (F=998.83, p<.001), with social capital showing a partial mediating effect (z=2.65, p<.001).
Conclusion
Social capital partially mediated the relationship between stress and depression, suggesting its potential as a strategy for reducing stress and lowering depression among middle-aged adults with DM. These findings lay the groundwork for targeted interventions to improve blood glucose management in this population. Future research should explore the relationships among specific components of social capital, stress, and depression.

Purpose
This study investigated how multimodal sensory stimulation affected Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in stroke patients with decreased consciousness at Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia.
Methods
We employed a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest and posttest control group design. The control and intervention groups each contained 22 participants, all of whom were recruited via convenience sampling. The intervention group was given multimodal sensory stimulation (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile) five times daily for a total of five days, with each session lasting 25 minutes. By contrast, the control group only received routine care from the hospital (i.e., no intervention). For statistical analysis, we used both the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test.
Results
We found a significant increase in posttest GCS scores for the intervention group (from 9.63 to 13.18, p=.001), but there was no significant increase for the control group (from 10.09 to 10.54, p=.085).
Conclusion
In this study, multimodal sensory stimulation effectively increased GCS scores in stroke patients with decreased consciousness. Nurses can use this intervention to improve sensory and GCS scores for such patients while in the intensive care unit.

Citations

• Impact of nurse and beloved family member’s voice stimulus on the level of consciousness and physiological parameters in comatose patients
  Smritikana Adak, Rashmimala Pradhan, Sujyotsna Jena, Subhalaxmi Pradhan, Lulup Kumar Sahoo, Mamata Swain
  Journal of Integrative Nursing.2025; 7(1): 33.     CrossRef
• A comparative study on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and right median nerve stimulation in patients with altered levels of consciousness: a randomized clinical trial
  Neha Raichur, Raghavendrasingh Dharwadkar
  MGM Journal of Medical Sciences.2025; 12(1): 13.     CrossRef
• Impact of auditory stimulation nursing protocol on auditory response in cerebrovascular stroke patients
  Mohammed ElSayed Zaky, Hanan Ahmed Al Sebaee, Nagat El Morsy Ibrahiem, Heba Ahmed Mohammed, Mohammad Edrees Mohammad
  Journal of Integrative Nursing.2024; 6(2): 111.     CrossRef
• Role of physical therapy intervention in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
  Sanjay Tejraj Parmar, Charulata Deshpande, Dipti Sambhajirao Kadam
  BMJ Case Reports.2024; 17(4): e257339.     CrossRef
• Implementation of Multimodal Stimulation and Physical Therapy in Improving the Level of Consciousness and Recovery in Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
  Harsh R Nathani, Nishigandha P Deodhe, Ruchika J Zade, Grisha R Ratnani
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This methodological study was conducted to evaluate the interrater agreement in pressure ulcer risk assessment using the Braden scale, and in pressure ulcer classification, by nurses in a medium-sized hospital.
METHODS
Data were collected from a medium-sized hospital, located in Seoul, from December 18, 2017 to February 28, 2018. The author (Rater 1) and 20 randomly sampled nurses (Rater 2) independently assessed 100 patients. The Braden scale for risk assessment and the six-stage pressure ulcer classification system were used. The interrater agreement was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), the proportion of agreement (Po), and the Bland-Altman plots.
RESULTS
For the total score on the Braden scale, the ICC was .85 and the Po was .29. Among the scale items, ‘moisture’ had the lowest agreement (ICC=.55, Po=.46). The interrater agreement had Po values of .84 and .69 for the presence and the classification of pressure ulcers, respectively.
CONCLUSION
For nurses in medium-sized hospitals, interrater agreement for the Braden scale and for the classification of pressure ulcers should be enhanced. In order to do this, overall institutional support is needed, including training in the accurate use of tools for pressure ulcer care.

Citations

• Impact of multifaceted interventions on pressure injury prevention: a systematic review
  Usha Rani Kandula
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development of a Pressure Injury Machine Learning Prediction Model and Integration into Clinical Practice: A Prediction Model Development and Validation Study
  Ju Hee Lee, Jae Yong Yu, So Yun Shim, Kyung Mi Yeom, Hyun A Ha, Se Yong Jekal, Ki Tae Moon, Joo Hee Park, Sook Hyun Park, Jeong Hee Hong, Mi Ra Song, Won Chul Cha
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 191.     CrossRef
• Determining Optimal Cut-off Score for the Braden Scale on Assessment of Pressure Injury for Tertiary Hospital Inpatients
  Sook Hyun Park, hyeyeon Choi, Youn-Jung Son
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 24.     CrossRef
• Impact of Pressure Injury Prevention Protocol in Home Care Services on the Prevalence of Pressure Injuries in the Dubai Community
  Sajitha Prasad, Nazneen Hussain, Sangeeta Sharma, Somy Chandy, Jessy Kurien
  Dubai Medical Journal.2020; 3(3): 99.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study identified the reasons why tuberculosis (TB) patients withhold treatment in a bid to develop a assessment scale to select patients who needs nursing intervention in the early stage and decrease the risk of discontinuation of treatment. Sample: There were two samples. A sample of 191 patients with TB and having primary treatment and a second sample of N who were under re-treatment.
METHODS
The study design included qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data were collected from in-depth interviews of TB patients under re-treatment. The quantitative data were collected from 191 patients with TB under primary treatment.
RESULTS
Exploratory factor analysis revealed 11 factors explaining 69.6% of total variance. These factors were categorized into four subgroups. A depression scale was used to establish concurrent validity. The depression scale had a positive relationship (r=54) with the discontinuing of primary treatment. The internal consistency reliability for the four subgroups was over .84. The confidence coefficient was Cronbach's alpha.95. The final scale was a self-reported four Likert scale including 50 items.
CONCLUSION
Reliability and validity was established for the scale and the scale can be used to examine the risk of treatment discontinuation for TB. The scale is an important resource for nursing interventions in identifying and treating high risk clients.

Citations

• Identifying Predictors of Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes in Tuberculosis Patients
  Ji Yeon Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Younghyun Kim, Ina Jeong, Joohae Kim, Sooim Sin, Yunhyung Kwon, Chieeun Song, Joon-Sung Joh
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(11): 1454.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing the Medication Adherence in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Bongsil Lim, Min Young Kim
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 26(2): 87.     CrossRef
• Self-care Efficacy and Health-related Quality of Life among Patients on Primary Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis: The Mediating Effects of Self-Care Performance
  Hyun Ju Lee, Jiyoung Park
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(3): 305.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to perform an economic analysis and estimate the fee for the practices that carried out by Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) using relative value scale (RVS) and its conversion factor.
METHODS
First, we developed ENP's RVS for 25 advanced nursing services based on ENP's workload and its time spent by survey. A cost analysis was performed to evaluate the conversion factor of ENP's RVS. The share of ENP's contribution to fee-for-service in emergency setting was also analyzed.
RESULTS
Calculation of the RVS of 25 advanced nursing practices showed a range of points from 73.4 to 296.3 and an average of 145.1 points. The relevant conversion factor for advanced nursing practices among ENP was estimated at 12.2~15.9 won. The contribution rate of ENP's advanced nursing practices in the relative value scale of the national health insurance was estimated at 13.1~17.0%.
CONCLUSION
The practices of ENP are not compensated separately and its reimbursement is usually included in physician fee. An estimation of nursing fee and an independent fee related to ENP's services shows the contribution rate to total revenue. It suggests that emergency nurse practitioners be considered as a revenue source the in emergency room.

PURPOSE
This study was to identify the significant acute physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery in hemorrhagic stroke patients.
METHODS
The subjects were 108 hemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to Neurological Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital.
RESULTS
The significant physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery were quite different upon admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: respiratory rate, hematocrit, serum pH, osmolality, and PaCO2 were the predictors in the subjects with a high Glasgow Coma Scale scores while blood pressure, PaO2, respiratory rate, and hematocrit in the subjects with a low Glasgow coma scale scores.
CONCLUSION
The physiological derangements induced by acute stroke are undoubtedly influence clinical outcome. More study is required to determine their diverse impacts on clinical outcomes.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of braden scale to assess pressure ulcer risk patients and to identify additional risk factors of pressure sores in an neurologic intensive care unit.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 66 patients in neurologic intensive care units. Data was prospectively collected from Sep. to Dec., 2002. Data were analyzed by mean, percentage, t-test, chi-square, discriminant analysis using Spss pc+.
RESULT
The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference between scoring of braden scale and pressure ulcer development. The subscales that predicted pressure ulcer development using braden scale only were sensory perception, moisture, mobility, friction and shear. By using these subscales, sensitivity was 86.7%, and specificity was 61.1%, and total hit ratio was 72.7%. 2) Additional pressure ulcer risk factors which showed significance for discriminating two group were protein, albumin, gender, level of consciousness, pattern of bowel elimination. By using the combination of these additional risk factors in addition to the braden scale, total hit ratio increased to 84.8%.
CONCLUSION
This data suggest that albumin, protein, gender, level of consciousness, pattern of bowel elimination in addition to the braden scale should be included in the pressure sore assessment tool.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the scale to measure dementia patient's caregiver burden of Korea. In the first phase of the study, 15 caregivers of dementia patients were interviewed to provide narrative data from which items were developed. Initially 65 items were generated from the interview data of 15 caregivers. Content validity was judged by two separate panels of experts with 27 professionals and 30 family caregivers. These items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity and 33 items were selected which met .80 or more of the CVI. This preliminary FCBSD-K was tested with 207 adult caregivers for reliability and construct validity including item analysis and orthogonal(Varimax) factor analysis. Eight items were deleted because of high or low item-item correlation. The result of the second factor analysis produced six factors that coincided with the conceptual framework posed for the scale developed. The six factors were labeled as 'physio social factor' 'emotional factor' 'family cultural factor' 'role obligation' 'guilt feeling' and 'financial & supportive system factor'. The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .9264 for reliability. In conclusion, cultural factor is related to dementia patient's caregiver burden and FCBSD-K was useful in assessing the dementia patient's caregiver burden in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of a self efficacy scale which was revised for Korean adolescents. The self efficacy scale was based on 48 smoking situations, developed by Best and Hakstian (1978), and was revised according to situations which tempt Korean adolescents to smoke. The 18 situations which were believed to have true characteristics of a temptation to smoke for Korean adolescents. The psychometric evaluation was done on 281 high school adolescents. The result revealed a high internal consistency Alpha coefficient of .97, Principal Component Factor Analysis with a varimax rotation which resulted in 3 factors with more than 1.0 of eigen value. The three factors were 'negative feelings, interpersonal relationship', 'dependence ', and 'self image'. There was a significant positive correlation of r=.290 between this self efficacy scale and the scale of intention for smoking cessation, and a significant negative correlation of r=-.330 between number of cigarettes they smoked. The result indicated that the self efficacy scale measuring adolescents' degree of efficacy in a smoking tempted situation was reliable and valid. Further application of research in the various age and sex groups was recommended for a generalization of the scale.