PURPOSE
This study was a secondary data analysis using the 6th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2014. The purpose of the study was to identify and compare the impacts of Physical Activity (PA), central obesity and depression on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study sample was postmenopausal women aged 45~65 years of aged with or without cardiovascular risk factors. Specifically, the sample consisted of 472 women who had cardiovascular risk factors (risk group) and 374 women with no reported risk factors (no risk group).
METHODS
The degree of PA (MET-min/week) was estimated based on the International PA Questionnaire and depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
RESULTS
The scores from the PA were lower than the recommended PA scores among both groups, and muscle strengthening was significantly lower within the risk group compared to those in the no risk group (p < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that depression, PA and WHtR accounted for 32.8% of the HRQoL in the risk group (R²=.328, F=64.49, p < .001), while depression and WHtR accounted for 28.5% of the HRQoL in the no risk group (R²=.256, F=35.18, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
It is essential to correct low PA, central obesity, and depression in order to improve the HRQoL of middle-aged women with cardiovascular risk factors. For those who have cardiovascular risk factors, the PA intervention program including muscle strengthening exercise might be needed.

Citations

• Factors influencing health-related quality of life in older adult women with sarcopenia: analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
  Sol Hyun Lee, Ju-Hee Nho, Hye Young Kim, Eun Jee Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(4): 328.     CrossRef
• Effects of Somatic, Depression Symptoms, and Sedentary Time on Sleep Quality in Middle-Aged Women with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
  Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyung-Ae Kim
  Healthcare.2021; 9(10): 1378.     CrossRef
• Use of Clinical Preventive Service and Related Factors in Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Women in Korea
  Kisook Kim
  Healthcare.2020; 8(2): 83.     CrossRef
• Comparison of health-related habits and metabolic syndrome risk factors according to obesity type in Korean postmenopausal women
  Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Jin Kim
  Menopause.2020; 27(9): 1022.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Pre-Diabetes in Middle-aged Women based on the KNHANES
  Kyung Ae Kim, Jae Lan Shim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(6): 628.     CrossRef
• Factors related to the Identification of Middle-Aged Women Who are Disadvantaged by Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease
  Moon Jung Kang, Jee Seon Yi, Chang Seung Park
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(2): 185.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between menopausal symptoms and decline in cognitive functioning of menopausal women with mediating effects of health promoting behavior.
METHODS
Using a convenience sampling, 140 menopausal women were recruited for the cross-sectional survey. Data were collected by using the Menopause Rating Scale, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Everyday Cognition, and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination.
RESULTS
The mean scores for menopausal symptoms, health promotion behavior, and subjective cognitive decline were 14.40, 153.79, and 67.40 respectively. Health promotion behavior was directly affected by menopausal symptom (R2=8%). Cognitive decline was directly affected by menopausal symptom (R2=11%). Menopausal symptom (β=.33, p<.001) and health promotion behavior (β=−.21, p=.014) were found to be predictive factors in subjective cognitive decline and explained 14%. Health promotion behavior had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between menopausal symptom and perceived cognitive decline (Sobel test: Z=2.05, p=.040).
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, developing nursing intervention programs focusing on decreasing menopausal symptoms and encouraging health promotion behavior are recommended to improve cognitive decline in menopausal women.

Citations

• A Case Report of Korean Medicine in Treating Postmenopausal Syndrome with Dyspepsia and Arthralgia
  Dong-soo Seol, Tae-ha Kwon, Min-seok Go, Seong-hyun Lee, Ji-eun Oh, Sae-young Bong, Yoo-jin Lee, Cha-young Lee, Su-won Yu
  The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(5): 951.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Urban Gardening Activities on Physical Activity and Sleep Quality in Middle-Aged Women
  Young-Bin Jung, Hyung-Kwon Yun, In-Chang Son, Se-Na Choi, Kwan Jeong Song
  Journal of People, Plants, and Environment.2024; 27(4): 247.     CrossRef
• Development and Impact of a Cognitive Reserve Enhancement Program for Climacteric Korean Women
  Ji Hyun KIM, Seungmi PARK
  Journal of Nursing Research.2024; 32(6): e363.     CrossRef
• Health-promoting behaviours and psychological distress in breast cancer with endocrine therapy: Mediating roles of menopausal symptoms and social support
  Xia Li, Tingting Wei, Yan Zhang, Hailing Ren, Xinyu Liu
  Post Reproductive Health.2024; 30(1): 29.     CrossRef
• The relationship between psychological distress, depressive symptoms, emotional eating behaviors and the health-related quality of life of middle-aged korean females: a serial mediation model
  Jihyun Oh, Sunghee Kim
  BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluating Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile among Menopausal Women: A Meta-analysis
  Zeinab Moshfeghy, Hedyeh Riazi, Sepideh Hajian, Ali Montazeri
  The Open Nursing Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the health-related quality of life in Korean menopausal women: a cross-sectional study based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms
  Ji-Hyun Kang, Moon-Jeong Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(2): 100.     CrossRef
• Mediating effect of a health-promoting lifestyle in the relationship between menopausal symptoms, resilience, and depression in middle-aged women
  Sungwon Park
  Health Care for Women International.2020; 41(9): 967.     CrossRef
• A Structural Model for Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
  Jung Ran Lee, Pok Ja Oh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(4): 375.     CrossRef
• Effects of Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Modification Program on Health-promoting Behavior, Psychological Distress, Body Composition and Reproductive Symptoms among Overweight and Obese Middle-aged Women
  Ju-Hee Nho, Eun Suk Hwang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(6): 663.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Adaptation to Menopause in Middle-aged Women
  Eun Joo Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(4): 336.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was to develop and test a theoretical model based on the revised health belief model explaining osteoporosis prevention behaviors among postmenopausal women under 65.
METHODS
This secondary data analysis included 342 postmenopausal women under 65 from original data sources of a total of 734 women. The measured instruments were scales for osteoporosis awareness, osteoporosis health belief scale (benefit, barrier, susceptibility, severity, and health motivation), self-efficacy, and osteoporosis prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and AMOS 20.0.
RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 55.2 years and the mean age of menopause was 51.10. The hypothetical model of osteoporosis prevention behaviors was relatively fit. Osteoporosis prevention behaviors were significantly explained up to 62% by expectation factors (relative benefit, self-efficacy, health motivation) and modifying factors(knowledge only). Expectation factors of health belief had a mediation effect between modifying factors and prevention behaviors.
CONCLUSION
This study partially supported the revised health belief model for explaining osteoporosis prevention behaviors. It provides a basis for developing an educational program focusing on expectation factors and knowledge with the aim of behavioral changes for osteoporosis prevention.

Citations

• Determinants of Intention Toward Dementia-Preventive Behaviors Among Middle-Aged Korean Adults
  Won-Hee Choi, Yeong-Mi Seo
  The International Journal of Aging and Human Development.2022; 95(1): 57.     CrossRef
• A preliminary study on the effects of an osteoporosis prevention program based on an Information-Motivation-Behavioral skill model in older adult women: A cluster randomized controlled trial
  Yeongsuk Lee, Dong-Hee Kim
  Geriatric Nursing.2022; 45: 55.     CrossRef
• Effects of a health-belief-model-based osteoporosis- and fall-prevention program on women at early old age
  Sukhee Ahn, Jiwon Oh
  Applied Nursing Research.2021; 59: 151430.     CrossRef
• The Factors Influencing Intention of Dementia Prevention Behavior in Adults with Hypertension or Diabetes
  Yeong-Mi Seo, Nam Joo Je, Eun Sook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(4): 481.     CrossRef
• Relationships among Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Health Behavior of Osteoporosis and Fall Prevention in Old Aged Women
  Sukhee Ahn, Jiwon Oh
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(2): 209.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Effect of Info Seeking on Breast Cancer Screening Intention: Focusing on HBM and Autonomous Motives
  Yunhee Ku, Ghee Young Noh
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2018; 19(7): 1381.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a model that explains causal relationships between post-menopausal women's osteoporosis general knowledge and awareness of their own bone mass density(BMD) and their osteoporosis health beliefs and preventive behaviors.
METHODS
Retrospective design using structural equation model tested seven variables by using questionnaires of osteoporosis knowledge test, osteoporosis health belief scale, osteoporosis self-efficacy scale, and osteoporosis preventive behaviors scale. 162 middle age and post-menopausal women were recruited.
RESULTS
Mediating effect of health beliefs was not significant in the relationship between BMD awareness and preventive behaviors. Instead, BMD awareness had a direct influence on the preventive behaviors that is strong and significant. Between the relationship of the BMD awareness and health beliefs, direct pathways of perceived threat, relative benefits, and self-efficacy were not significant. However, relative benefits and self-efficacy showed direct influence on the preventive behaviors.
CONCLUSION
Having middle age women get their BMD test done in order for them to be aware of their own BMD results might be a critical strategy to promote osteoporosis preventive behaviors. There is a need to develop diverse strategies to enhance their self-efficacy which has been shown to be important to osteoporosis preventive behaviors.

Citations

• Application and Effect of Mobiletype-Bone Health Intervention in Korean Young Adult Women with Low Bone Mass: A Randomized Control Trial
  Young-Joo Park, Sook-Ja Lee, Nah-Mee Shin, Hyunjeong Shin, Songi Jeon, Jungwoo Lee, Inhae Cho
  Asian Nursing Research.2017; 11(1): 56.     CrossRef
• An Equation Model Development and Test based on Health Belief Model Regarding Osteoporosis Prevention Behaviors among Postmenopausal Women
  Hyun-Jung Jang, Sukhee Ahn
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(6): 624.     CrossRef
• A Predictive Model of Fall Prevention Behaviors in Postmenopausal Women
  Hyun-Jung Jang, Sukhee Ahn
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(5): 525.     CrossRef
• Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women
  Young-Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Nah-Mee Shin, Hyunjeong Shin, Yoo-Kyung Kim, Yunjung Cho, Songi Jeon, Inhae Cho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(5): 504.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
To identify the predictors of calcium intake behavior and examine the relationships among bone mineral density, osteoporosis knowledge, osteoporosis health belief, osteoporosis self efficacy and calcium intake behavior of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.
METHODS
The subjects consisted of 94 patients. The measurement tools were osteoporosis knowledge test, osteoporosis health belief scale, osteoporosis self-efficacy and calcium intake frequency questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 11.0 program.
RESULTS
The bone mineral density of the lumbar were .75g/cm2, T-score -2.67 and the femur neck were .67g/cm2, T-score -2.30. There was statistically a significant correlation between calcium intake behavior and health motivation (r=.449, p=.000) among the osteoporosis health belief. In hierarchial multiple regression analysis, current spouse(12.8%) and health motivation(19.9%) of the osteoporosis health belief explained the 32.7% of variance in calcium intake behavior.
CONCLUSION
Nursing intervention should be developed for increasing the calcium intake behavior through promoting health motivation for the postmenopausal osteoporosis women having no spouse currently.

PURPOSE
The objective of the study is to describe the experience of health care activities of the menopausal women through phenomenological methodology.
METHODS
Seven menopausal women participated in the study. Open in-depth interviews were used to collect data, and data were analyzed by the phenomenological methods suggested by Colaizzi.
RESULTS
The data were separated into 4 categories of uncomfortable life due to physical and emotional change, building consistency in daily life through regulating a routine rhythm, recovering normality, recovering stability, and 8 clusters of themes; securing regularity in daily life, securing availability in daily life, regulating through elimination and diminishment, regulating through supplementation, being patient and control self, expressing self, review the context and exchanging views, expending a world through one's faith.
CONCLUSION
Participants accepted menopause not as a disease but as a natural course of life and realized that menopausal health problems could be naturally settled in general health care activities in daily life.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health promotion program on physiological stress, perceived stress and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women.
METHODS
This study followed a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design. The subjects consisted of 57 middle-aged women(30 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group) who were recruited from the community health center in J city. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a health promotion program for 8 weeks, which was composed of yoga and teaching for 1 session per week.
RESULTS
The health promotion program showed a statistical difference in blood pressure, pulse rate and perceived stress. However, there was not a statistical difference in serum cortisol, or menopausal symptoms.
CONCLUSION
This health promotion program was partially effective for reducing stress and it was not effective for reducing menopausal symptoms in menopausal women. It is necessary to conduct a future study using a different time period, measurement time, and target population.