Purpose
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) rises significantly in the post-middle-age population, and stress along with depressive symptoms hinders effective DM management. This study examined the mediating effect of social capital (trust in the physical environment, reciprocity, social participation, and social networks) on the relationship between perceived stress and depression among middle-aged adults with DM in Korea. It also aimed to provide data for developing targeted interventions to enhance blood glucose management in this population.
Methods
A descriptive correlational study using data from the 2019 Community Health Survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) was conducted. Complex sample regression analysis and the Sobel test were employed for mediation analysis. The study included 9,394 middle-aged adults (aged 45-64 years) diagnosed with DM. The analysis assessed the effects of perceived stress on social capital and depression, as well as the mediating role of social capital.
Results
Perceived stress negatively impacted social capital (β=-0.16, p<.001) and positively influenced depression (β=0.37, p<.001). Both perceived stress and social capital significantly affected depression (F=998.83, p<.001), with social capital showing a partial mediating effect (z=2.65, p<.001).
Conclusion
Social capital partially mediated the relationship between stress and depression, suggesting its potential as a strategy for reducing stress and lowering depression among middle-aged adults with DM. These findings lay the groundwork for targeted interventions to improve blood glucose management in this population. Future research should explore the relationships among specific components of social capital, stress, and depression.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the predictive factors for pre-diabetes in middle-aged Korean women based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, data were extracted from the second year of the 6th KNHANES (2013~2015), conducted at 129 sites from January to December 2014. The 1,275 subjects were middle-aged women between 40 and 64 years of age characterized as “pre-diabetic” (n=618) or “normal” (n=657) according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) standard. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing pre-diabetes in middle-aged women.
RESULTS
The significant factors for pre-diabetes were a Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) > 0.53 (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.71, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.27~2.29), increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.42~2.86), and low level of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.18~3.02). In addition, as age increased after 50 years, the proportion of WHtR > 0.53 decreased in the normal group, but increased with age in the pre-diabetes group.
CONCLUSION
Education to raise awareness about diabetes including pre-diabetes is needed for effective management of hyperlipidemia and central obesity to ensure a healthy middle age.

Citations

• Predictors of Prediabetes Among Young Adults in East Java, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
  Ika Nur Pratiwi, Ika Yuni Widyawati, Nursalam Nursalam, Zulfayandi Pawanis, Arina Qonaah, Bih O Lee
  Nurse Media Journal of Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was a secondary data analysis using the 6th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2014. The purpose of the study was to identify and compare the impacts of Physical Activity (PA), central obesity and depression on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study sample was postmenopausal women aged 45~65 years of aged with or without cardiovascular risk factors. Specifically, the sample consisted of 472 women who had cardiovascular risk factors (risk group) and 374 women with no reported risk factors (no risk group).
METHODS
The degree of PA (MET-min/week) was estimated based on the International PA Questionnaire and depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
RESULTS
The scores from the PA were lower than the recommended PA scores among both groups, and muscle strengthening was significantly lower within the risk group compared to those in the no risk group (p < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that depression, PA and WHtR accounted for 32.8% of the HRQoL in the risk group (R²=.328, F=64.49, p < .001), while depression and WHtR accounted for 28.5% of the HRQoL in the no risk group (R²=.256, F=35.18, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
It is essential to correct low PA, central obesity, and depression in order to improve the HRQoL of middle-aged women with cardiovascular risk factors. For those who have cardiovascular risk factors, the PA intervention program including muscle strengthening exercise might be needed.

Citations

• Factors influencing health-related quality of life in older adult women with sarcopenia: analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
  Sol Hyun Lee, Ju-Hee Nho, Hye Young Kim, Eun Jee Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(4): 328.     CrossRef
• Effects of Somatic, Depression Symptoms, and Sedentary Time on Sleep Quality in Middle-Aged Women with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
  Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyung-Ae Kim
  Healthcare.2021; 9(10): 1378.     CrossRef
• Use of Clinical Preventive Service and Related Factors in Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Women in Korea
  Kisook Kim
  Healthcare.2020; 8(2): 83.     CrossRef
• Comparison of health-related habits and metabolic syndrome risk factors according to obesity type in Korean postmenopausal women
  Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Jin Kim
  Menopause.2020; 27(9): 1022.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Pre-Diabetes in Middle-aged Women based on the KNHANES
  Kyung Ae Kim, Jae Lan Shim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(6): 628.     CrossRef
• Factors related to the Identification of Middle-Aged Women Who are Disadvantaged by Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease
  Moon Jung Kang, Jee Seon Yi, Chang Seung Park
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(2): 185.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study examined knowledge about cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and its relationship to health behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors.
METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal women were recruited from outpatient departments of four hospitals. The women were 60.69±6.5 years old. Self-reported questionnaires were administered, and waist-hip ratios (WHR) were measured.
RESULTS
Among the women, 72.8% reported hypertension, 19.1% reported diabetes, 33.8% reported hypercholesterolemia, and 24.2% reported angina pectoris. Moreover, 73.9% of the women reported not knowing of CVD prevention, and only 26.1% reported exercising regularly. A majority of the women (80.9%) had a WHR > 0.85. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age and marital status indicated that the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke increased (p<.001). Waist-hip ratio≤0.85 (p=.022) and living with family members (p=.006) were significant predictors of healthier behaviors (R²=0.21, p<.001). Knowledge of CVD and health behaviors were not correlated.
CONCLUSION
Obese women and women who live alone are no more likely to practice health behaviors aimed at CVD prevention than their counterparts in the sample. Education and exercise interventions are needed, especially for obese women, to promote healthy behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors.

Citations

• The Effects of Health Status and Social Support on Happiness in Middle­Aged Women
  Bok Hui Baek, So Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(1): 16.     CrossRef
• The Moderating Effect of Mental Health on the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Awareness and Health Behaviors of Middle-Aged Korean Chinese Workers With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korea
  Yu Zhu Zhang, Seon Young Hwang
  Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2023; 34(2): 131.     CrossRef
• Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension
  Yeo Won Jeong
  Healthcare.2021; 9(3): 360.     CrossRef
• Factors related to the Identification of Middle-Aged Women Who are Disadvantaged by Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease
  Moon Jung Kang, Jee Seon Yi, Chang Seung Park
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(2): 185.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine lifestyle, BMI, BP, and lipids profiles in male subjects and to explore the relationships among variables.
METHODS
A total of 148 male subjects were recruited from one life insurance company from December 1, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Data collection methods were structured questionnaire, anthropometry and serum analysis. The relationships among lifestyle, BMI, BP, and serum lipid profiles were assessed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and partial Pearson's correlation coefficient of variables after controlling for age, educational level, and economic status.
RESULTS
The mean BMI of the participants was relatively high as 25.38(range: 18.38 - 32.83). The differences of serum lipid profiles according to age, educational level, and economic status were significant. 'Use of caffeine and drugs'(r = -.187, p < .05) and 'consciousness of safety'( r= -.200, p < .05) was negatively related to BMI. Higher score of 'type of personality' domain was correlated with lower systolic BP(r = -.221, p < .01) and lower diastolic BP(r = -.195, p < .05) and was positively correlated with HDL(r = .191, p < .05).
CONCLUSION
'Use of caffeine and drugs', 'consciousness of safety' and 'type of personality' of lifestyle as well as 'dietary habit' and 'exercise' played a key role in circulatory disease.