PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a competency based safety and quality improving education program for undergraduate nursing students.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental study of a non-equivalent control group pre and post test design was used. The participants were sixty-eight undergraduate nursing students recruited from the two universities in G and M cities. They were assigned to either a treatment group (n=35) or a comparison group (n=33). A five-day educational program developed based on the ADDIE Instructional Design Model was offered to the treatment group whereas the comparison group did not receive any instruction. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 with the χ² test, and independent t-test.
RESULTS
The students in the treatment group reported significant positive changes for patient safety knowledge, skill and perception of quality and safety competencies.
CONCLUSION
Findings from this study supports that competency based quality improving and safety education program is a useful intervention strategy to promote student's knowledge, skill and perception of quality and safety competencies.

Citations

• Effectiveness of a Patient Safety Incident Disclosure Education Program: A Quasi-Experimental Study
  Mi Young KIM, Yujeong KIM
  Journal of Nursing Research.2024; 32(3): e332.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of Patient Safety Education Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students
  Hyun Ju Kim, Young Soon Jung, Yu Kyung Park
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 26(1): 39.     CrossRef
• The effect of flipped learning approach on nursing students' learning of patient safety: A randomized controlled trial
  Evrim Sarıtaş, Zehra Göçmen Baykara
  Nurse Education in Practice.2023; 72: 103742.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a virtual reality application‐based education programme on patient safety management for nursing students: A pre‐test–post‐test study
  Jae Woo Oh, Ji Eun Kim
  Nursing Open.2023; 10(12): 7622.     CrossRef
• Evaluating a patient safety course for undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
  Seung Eun Lee, V. Susan Dahinten
  Collegian.2023; 30(1): 75.     CrossRef
• The Effects of a Simulation-Based Patient Safety Education Program on Compliance with Patient Safety, Perception of Patient Safety Culture, and Educational Satisfaction of Operating Room Nurses
  OkBun Park, MiYang Jeon, MiSeon Kim, ByeolAh Kim, HyeonCheol Jeong
  Healthcare.2023; 11(21): 2824.     CrossRef
• Study on Educational Needs of Patient Safety Nursing Activities in Intensive Care Units: Utilizing Importance-Performance Analysis
  Seung Hee Lee, Nam Hee Park
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 1.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting the Patient Safety Management Activity of Nursing Students: A Quantile Regression Approach
  Myungsuk Kang, Yeonsoo Jang, Ui Rim Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(3): 230.     CrossRef
• Effects of a patient safety course using a flipped classroom approach among undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
  Young Man Kim, Yea Seul Yoon, Hye Chong Hong, Ari Min
  Nurse Education Today.2019; 79: 180.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners and performance of gerontological nursing by nurses in long term care hospitals and general hospitals.
METHODS
Subjects were 200 nurses; 100 nurses from long term care hospitals where as 100 nurses from general hospitals. The subjects completed a questionnaire on general characteristics, role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners, and performance of gerontological nursing by nurses. Data were collected from February to March 2013 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 version program in order to perform descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
Results indicated that there were significant differences in the role-expectations of gerontological nurse practitioners and performance of gerontological nursing between nurses from long term care hospitals and those from general hospitals.
CONCLUSION
Nurses in general hospitals showed significantly higher role expectations than nurses in long term care hospitals. Therefore it is necessary to spread the knowledge on the roles of gerontological nurse practitioners and the nurse practitioners system to nurses in long term care hospitals.

Citations

• Hospitalization experience of elderly surgical patients: A phenomenological study
  Yujeong Shin, Dukyoo Jung, Hyunjoo Oh
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(1): 84.     CrossRef
• Job performance of nurses with gerontological nurse practitioner certification: A descriptive survey study
  Suyeon Kim, Minjae Lee, Sujin Shin
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(2): 199.     CrossRef
• Workload-Related Issues among Nurses Caring for Patients with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Scoping Review
  Younhee Kang, Chohee Bang
  Healthcare.2024; 12(18): 1893.     CrossRef
• Moderated moderation effect of empathy and resilience on the relationship between geriatric care-related stress and geriatric nursing practice among secondary hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study
  Young Suk Choe, Yang Gyeong Yoo
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(1): 89.     CrossRef
• Experiences of Advanced Health Assessment Simulation Based on the Education Needs of Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Students
  Jiyoung Kim, Hyunju Dan
  Healthcare.2023; 11(8): 1162.     CrossRef
• Attitudes Toward Older Adults and Need for Education Among Nurses and Nursing Assistants
  YoonRyeong Cheon, Kihye Han, Sophia J. Chung
  The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing.2021; 52(11): 517.     CrossRef
• The Moderating Effect of Empowerment in Relationship between Self-leadership and Job Satisfaction for Nurses Working in Long-term Care Hospitals
  Kyoungsuk Kim, Heeok Park
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2016; 18(1): 32.     CrossRef
• Experience of Job Stress among Nurses Working in Long-term Care Hospital: A Phenomenological Approach
  Hui Jin Kim, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(5): 572.     CrossRef
• The Influence of Attitude, Experience and Empathy on the Nursing Care of the Elderly Who Have No Caregiver
  Nam-Sook Seo, Ji-Seon Moon, So-Hyoung Hong, Yang-Hee Park
  The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(2): 179.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare reported physical symptoms, hope and family support of cancer patients between general hospitals and long-term care hospitals.
METHODS
Subjects were 175 patients diagnosed with cancers from two general hospitals and six long-term care hospitals located in G city. Subjects completed a questionnaire with questions about general characteristics and questions about the disease, physical symptoms, hope and family support. Data was collected from February to April and the data were analyzed using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The subjects in long-term care hospitals showed higher percentage in pain, nausea, fatigue, sleep disorder, and change in appearance. There was a significant difference in family support between two groups. A significant positive correlation was found between hope and family support in subjects in general and long-term care hospitals.
CONCLUSION
Significant differences were found in some physical symptoms and family support between cancer patients in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals. Thus, nurses in long-term care hospitals need provide care suitable for the characteristics of cancer patients in long-term care hospitals.

Citations

• Experience of Family Caregivers in Long-Term Care Hospitals During the Early Stages of COVID-19: A Phenomenological Analysis
  Hye-Ji Cha, Mi-Kyeong Jeon
  Healthcare.2024; 12(22): 2254.     CrossRef
• Convalescent Hospital Use among Young and Older Female Cancer Survivors
  Hyesun Park, Kisook Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(5): 2744.     CrossRef
• A Qualitative Study on Discharge Planning Needs for Cancer Patients
  Kyung Ok Kim, So-Youn Jung, Yoon Jung Chang
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2021; 21(2): 110.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Hospitalized in Long-term Care Hospitals
  A Young Jang, Jeong Sook Park
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2018; 20(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Health care Utilization of Cancer patient Women at Nursing Hospital
  Hye-Sun Park, Kyung-Sook Park
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2018; 19(11): 2139.     CrossRef
• Biopsychosocial correlates of hope in Asian patients with cancer: a systematic review
  Rathi Mahendran, Shi Min Chua, Haikel A Lim, Isaac J Yee, Joyce Y S Tan, Ee Heok Kua, Konstadina Griva
  BMJ Open.2016; 6(10): e012087.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Health Status and Mini Nutritional Assessment according to Self-esteem of Elderly in Care Hospital    
  Eun-mi Kim, Jin Kwon
  Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(4): 631.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the work conditions, reported stress, role conflict and job satisfaction of infection control nurses working in general hospitals.
METHODS
The subjects were 125 infection control nurses from 102 general hospitals. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of questions about general characteristics, job characteristics, work condition, stress, role conflict, and job satisfaction. Data were collected from July to September 2011 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation, and Stepwise multiple regression in SPSS/WIN 18.0.
RESULTS
Over fifty percent (56.0%) of infection control nurses reported the majority of their time was monitoring intensive units. The average reported stress was 7.20, role conflict was 3.67, and job satisfaction was 3.14. The factors which influenced job satisfaction were stress, enough information, annual income, and the number of hospital beds.
CONCLUSION
The factors contributing to job stress of infection control nurses need to be specifically identified. Education and training for infection control personnel should be provided to enhance job satisfaction.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the state of unmarried cohabitation and to compare the differences of loneliness and family function among university students with cohabitation experience and those with no experience in Korea.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 213 university students was recruited from three universities located in G city and the Chonnam area of Korea. Data collection methods included: (a) a demographic questionnaire, (b) a questionnaire related to cohabitation, (c) UCLA scale: 20 items on a 4-point scale (c) Family APGAR questionnaire: 5 items on a 3-point scale. SPSS/WIN 17.0 was used for descriptive analysis, chi2 test, t-test, and Pearson correlation.
RESULTS
In this study, 21.1% of the subjects had experiences of unmarried cohabitation. The cohabitation experience was related to gender, age, and monthly income. There was significant differences in family function between the two groups. Loneliness scores were significantly correlated with family function scores in the non-cohabitation group.
CONCLUSION
To improve sex life of the university students, healthcare providers including school nurses may consider family function.

PURPOSE
The study examined factors related to the meaning in life in elderly in one city. METHODS: The sample consisted of 217 subjects all of which were over 60 years of age and were recruited from two community senior centers from December 2008 to February 2009. Data collection instruments were the Meaning in Life Scale, Social Support Index, CES-D, and RULS questionnaire. SPSS/WIN 17.0 was used for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean of the score from the Meaning in Life was 50.04 (range 10~70). There were significant differences in subjects' perception of meaning in life according to age, level of education, religion, having a spouse, satisfaction with relationship with children, and frequency of visits to a community senior center. Meaning in life was significantly correlated with family support, depression, and loneliness, which were significant predictors (21.5%) of meaning in life. CONCLUSION: To improve meaning in life of the elderly who visited a community senior center, nurses may pay attention to depression, loneliness, and family support.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the training effectiveness and behavior towards the elderly of 180 caregiver trainees.
METHODS
Data were collected from five caregiver training institutions located in G city. All subjects were surveyed about the training effectiveness and behavior towards the elderly by using the Training Effectiveness Scale and the Behavior towards the Elderly Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program.
RESULTS
The study subjects gained a training effectiveness score of 3.84 out of 5 points and a behavior towards the elderly score 3.40 out of 4 points. The training effectiveness differed significantly depending on subject's characteristics, intention to work as a caregiver, and hours of training. There were significant differences in behavior towards the elderly depending on their age and hours of training. The training effectiveness was significantly correlated with the level of behavior towards the elderly.
CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrated the necessity of developing a level of educational training that will help improve caregiver trainees' care by positively changing their behavior towards the elderly.

PURPOSE
This study examined relationships among stress, stress coping strategies, and somatization in mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families in a rural area.
METHODS
Elderly mothers-in-law (n=227) living with foreign daughters-in-law completed a self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from April to August 2009. Questions related to stress (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), coping strategies (Coping Strategy Scale) for stress, and somatization (Symptom Check List 90, Revised). SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
Subjects had a moderate level of stress (5.03). There were significant differences in stress level according to age, educational level, religion, chronic disease, health status, number of children, agreement of an international marriage of her sons, satisfaction in living with a foreign daughter-in-law, and family conflict. Stress showed a significant positive correlation with offensive coping strategy, passive strategy, and somatization. Stress, offensive coping strategy, and passive coping strategy affected the level of somatization.
CONCLUSION
In a family situation involving co-habitation of mother- and foreign daughter-in-law, increased stress experienced by the mother-in-law can lead to increased offensive and passive coping strategies, and increased somatization. More effective means of stress reduction are needed for mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families.

PURPOSE
This study examined family function and self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with physical disabilities.
METHODS
The subjects of this study consisted of 116 adults with physical disabilities. Data were collected from 4 Community rehabilitation centers in C area from October to November 2008. All subjects were questioned about family function and self-esteem by the APGAR scale and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. SPSS/WIN 12.0 was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.
RESULTS
Subjects had a moderate level of family function (5.31) and self-esteem (28.13). There were significant differences of family function according to age, monthly income, economic status, and disability site. There were significant differences in self-esteem according to age, gender, monthly income, and economic status. The level of family function and income were related to self-esteem.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that there is a necessity to improve family function and self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with physical disabilities. Nursing interventions should take into account the role of family function in promoting self-esteem in people with physical disabilities.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting sleeping patterns among hospitalized elderly. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. Participants were 121 hospitalized elderly in a hospital located in a county. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Almost a half of hospitalized elderly in this study suffer from sleep disturbances. As results of univariate analyses, physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, and environmental factors disturbed sleep among hospitalized elderly. However, the result of stepwise multiple regression analysis identified that anxiety and environmental factors were significant predictors of sleeping patterns for hospitalized elderly and these two factors accounted 32.5% of variance of sleeping patterns among hospitalized elderly. CONCLUSION: Sleep assessment should be conducted on admission to identify sleep difficulties and thereby to improve quality of nursing care. Nurses and other health care personnels should make efforts to decrease anxiety and to eliminate environmental barriers of sleep among hospitalized elderly. Educational programs for nursing staff that offer information about sleep and sleep promoting interventions for the elderly patients are critical. Moreover, sleep promotion intervention program should be developed, applied and evaluated.

PURPOSE
This study examined the effect of a self-help management program which strengthens self-efficacy on the self-efficacy and the activities of daily living(ADL) in stroke patients. METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pre and post design was used. The subjects consisted of 47 stroke patients. Twenty-six patients were assigned to the experimental group and 21 patients were assigned to the control group. The self-help management program by strengthen self-efficacy and general hospital care were carried out on the experimental group. General hospital care was performed on the control group. The data was collected before and 5 weeks after the program. All subjects were questioned about the self-efficacy and ADL before and after the program. RESULTS: The scores of the self-efficacy and ADL in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The self-help management program by strengthen self-efficacy is effective in increasing the self-efficacy and ADL. Therefore this program may be a useful intervention to increase the ADL in stroke patients.

PURPOSE
This study is to identify factors affecting on the level of practice on nosocomial infection management of operating room nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 155 nurses who worked in operating rooms of six medical centers in located Gwangju and Chonanam area. Data were collected during October, 2006 by the questionnaire including a total of 124 questions. Data collected were analysed with use of SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of the level of practice by marital status(t=3.957, p=.048), education level(F=3.691, p=.027), position(F=6.588, p=.002), type of hospital(t=4.857, p=.029), number of nurse(F=4.243, p=.007), education about nosocomial infection management(F=3.069, p=.030), management council(t=6.397, p=.012) and management manual(t=6.961, p=.009). There were significant correlations between knowledge and practice (r=.389, p=.000), and between awareness and practice(r=.389, p=.000). Knowledge on nosocomial infection management, awareness of hands washing and positions were affecting factors on the level of practice. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that knowledge and awareness on nosocomial infection prevention and management of operating room nurses should be improved through consistent education. and support of administrator's of hospitals is needed.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining model health-related quality of life in acquired people with physical disabilities.
METHOD
The hypothetical model of this study was consisted of 6 latent variables and 14 observed variables. Exogenous variables included in this model were physical status and economical level. Endogenous variables were social attitudes, family function, self-esteem, and health-related quality of life. Data were collected from 226 acquired people with physical disabilities residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do from January to February, 2005. The collected data were analyzed using SAS 8.2 version and LISREL 8.32 version program.
RESULTS
The results of the fitness test of the modified model were follow as; chi-square=67.479 (df=50, p=.05), GFI= .959, AGFI=.914, SRMR=.049, NFI=.961, NNFI=.979, CN=249.244. Health-related quality of life was influenced directly by physical status, economic level, and social attitudes and accounted for 88.8% of the variance by these factors.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that physical status is the most significant effect on health-related quality of life, and social attitudes and economic level are important factors having influences on health- related quality of life. Therefore improving physical status and economic level, and modifying negative attitudes are necessary to increase health-related quality of life of acquired people with acquired physical disabilities.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family function, self-esteem, and loneliness on subjective health status in middle-aged women. METHODS: A five-item family APGAR was used to measure family function. Self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg's Self-esteem scale, and the level of loneliness was measured using RULS. One-item was used to investigate subjective health status. RESULT: In this study, the level of family function was moderate. The mean score of self-esteem was 29.06, and subjects revealed moderate loneliness. Subjects rated their health status as 'fair'. There were differences in subjective health status according to education and economic status. Through multiple regression, it was found that self-esteem was a variable predicting subjective health status in middle-aged women. CONCLUSION: Facilitating self-esteem of the middle-aged women can be one of the important nursing interventions in maintaining subjective health status as good.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether subjective health and social support influence depression directly or indirectly through self-control of the physically disabled. METHOD: A five item General Health Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire was used to measure subjective health. Social support and self-control were measured by Social Support Questionnaire 6 and Mastery Scale. The level of depression was measured by CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression). RESULT: The level of depression was high (M=22.23). Seventy percent of the subjects were depressed. Subjective health and satisfaction with social support influenced self-control. Subjective health influenced the level of depression directly and indirectly, but self-control influenced the level of depression only directly. CONCLUSION: Subjective health and satisfaction with social support influenced depression through self-control in physically disabled persons. Therefore, when we manage these subjects' depression, it is seemed that program which lowers the level of depression by assessing and correcting these factors should be prepared.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand moxibustion for reduction of pain during menstruation. METHOD: Fifteen women were selected as subjects and data collection was conducted from September to December 2003. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermotraphic Image (DITI) were used to measure the degree of pain and body heat. RESULT: The results showed that there was a significant reduction of pain during menstruation when hand moxibustion was performed. Also, there were significant differences in the change of body heat. These were left hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005), right hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005) and lower abdomen (Z=-2.803, p=.005). CONCLUSION: It was found that hand moxibustion decreased pain during menstruation and increased body heat. Therefore, hand moxibustion may be a good method for intervention to decrease pain during menstruation.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among social support (network, composition, and satisfaction), stress, and loneliness in migrant Yanbian Korean workers. METHOD: Data were collected by using Social Support Questionnaire 6, Visual Analogue Scale, and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. RESULT: Results indicate that means for social support were 1.52 for network size and 4.83 for satisfaction. The proportion percentage of network for kin members was 67.37. Subjects felt the moderate level of stress and loneliness. The level of loneliness was negatively related to the level of social support. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is necessity to reduce stress and loneliness among migrant Yanbian Korean workers. Adequate social support satisfaction is crucial to reduce the level of loneliness in migrant Yanbian Korean workers.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and life satisfaction of the middle aged man.
METHOD
The study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which included general characteristics, depression, and life satisfaction. Data collection was done between Oct. 28 and Nov. 28 on the 145 middle aged man.
RESULT
The degree of depression of the subjects was 8.98 and life satisfaction was 10.52 on the average. About 8% of the subjects was included in the depression group. There was a negative correlation between depression and life satisfaction of the subjects and it was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it should be developed the nursing program for qualitative life of middle aged man.

The purpose of the study was to investigate social support, depression, drinking and smoking in college and working females. The convenience sample consisted of 169 college females and 133 working females. Data were collected from March to May, 2000. Social support was measured by the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire which assesses the size of the emotional social support network and satisfaction with social support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was utilized to measure the level of depression symptoms. The average number of drinks and cigarettes smoked per week during the previous month was assessed. Results indicated that college students had more social support than working females. However, there were no significant differences in satisfaction with their support, depression, drinking and smoking between two groups. College females who smoked cigarettes were more depressed and had less social support than those who did not smoke. Also college females who drank alcohol were more depressed than those who did not drink during the previous month. However, the level of social support and depression were not associated with drinking and smoking among working females. Based on the results, it is suggested the application of various interventions to deal with drinking and smoking behavior among college and working females.

The purpose of the study was to investigate Body Mass Index (BMI), the perception of weight problem and the level of self-esteem and depression in high school and college females. The convenience sample consisted of 303 high school females and 481 college females. Data were collected between November 1999 and December 1999. Subjects ranged in age from 15 years and 26 years. BMI was calculated based on the subject's self-reported body weight and height. Self-perception of having a weight problem was evaluated by a single item question. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were utilized to measure the level of self-esteem and depression symptoms. BMI mean scores were 19.92 and 19.83 in high school females and college females, respectively. Based on BMI, 79.2 percent of high school females and 85.2 percent of college females were in a normal weight range. Only 2.6 percent of high school females and 1.5 percent college females were obese. Both high school and college females perceived their body weight problem as moderately severe. The mean scores of depression were 20.33 in high school females and 21.69 in college females. Sixty percent of high school females were depressed and 73.4 percent of college students. There was no significant difference between two groups in BMI. However, high school females perceived their weight problem more severe than college females. College females had higher levels of self-esteem and depression than high school females. BMI and perceptions of weight problem revealed a positive relationship in both groups. Results of the study revealed that a perception of weight problem contributed significantly to predict the level of self-esteem and depression in both groups. BMI score had significant effect on only college females' self-esteem. In the study, even though the mean score of BMI was in a normal range, subjects perceived their weight problems as moderatley severe. Since the perception of a weight problem influenced the level of self-esteem and depression, health care providers need to teach them about the normal weight range in BMI criteria.