Physical symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals

Seon Yeong Chae; Kye Ha Kim

doi:10.7475/KJAN.2013.25.3.298

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Physical symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals

Seon Yeong Chae¹, Kye Ha Kim²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2013;25(3):298-311.
Published online: June 18, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/KJAN.2013.25.3.298

¹Yohan Alcohol Consult Center, Gwangju

²Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Kye-Ha Department of Nursing, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. Tel: +82-62-230-6326, Fax: +82-62-230-6329, E-mail: kyeha@chosun.ac.kr

• Received: December 20, 2012 • Accepted: June 22, 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare reported physical symptoms, hope and family support of cancer patients between general hospitals and long-term care hospitals.
Methods
Subjects were 175 patients diagnosed with cancers from two general hospitals and six long-term care hospitals located in G city. Subjects completed a questionnaire with questions about general characteristics and questions about the disease, physical symptoms, hope and family support. Data was collected from February to April and the data were analyzed using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.
Results
The subjects in long-term care hospitals showed higher percentage in pain, nausea, fatigue, sleep disorder, and change in appearance. There was a significant difference in family support between two groups. A significant positive correlation was found between hope and family support in subjects in general and long-term care hospitals.
Conclusion
Significant differences were found in some physical symptoms and family support between cancer patients in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals. Thus, nurses in long-term care hospitals need provide care suitable for the characteristics of cancer patients in long-term care hospitals.
Key Words: Neoplasms; Symptoms; Family

Table 1.

General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	General hospital (n=95)	Long-term care hospital (n=80)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)	＜60	44 (46.3)	54 (67.5)	7.91	.005
Age (year)	≥60	51 (53.7)	26 (32.5)	7.91	.005
Gender	Male	58 (61.1)	25 (31.3)	15.47	＜.001
Gender	Female	37 (38.9)	55 (68.8)	15.47	＜.001
Educational level	Less than high school	77 (81.1)	55 (68.8)	3.55	.078
Educational level	College or graduate degree	18 (18.9)	25 (18.9)	3.55	.078
Marital status	Married	85 (89.5)	63 (78.8)	3.83	.050
Marital status	Single/divorced	10 (10.5)	17 (21.3)	3.83	.050
Religion	Yes	37 (38.9)	57 (71.3)	18.23	＜.001
Religion	No	58 (61.1)	23 (28.8)	18.23	＜.001
Employment status	Employed	40 (42.1)	34 (42.5)	0.00	.958
Employment status	Unemployed	55 (57.9)	46 (57.5)	0.00	.958
Economic burden	Low	9 (9.5)	7 (8.8)	1.28	.528
	Average	71 (74.7)	55 (68.8)
	High	15 (15.8)	18 (22.5)
Health insurance	Health insurance	87 (91.6)	72 (90.0)	0.13	.718
Health insurance	Medical care assistance	8 (8.4)	8 (10.0)	0.13	.718
Living arrangement	Live with spouse	78 (82.1)	51 (63.8)	7.56	.023
	Live alone	8 (8.4)	14 (17.5)
	Live with others	9 (9.5)	15 (18.8)
Caregiver	Spouse	52 (54.7)	37 (46.3)	2.05	.358
	Children	18 (18.9)	14 (17.5)
	Others	25 (26.3)	29 (36.3)
Region of cancer	Upper digestive system	42 (44.2)	19 (23.8)	30.71	＜.001
	Lower digestive system	24 (25.3)	14 (17.5)
	Breast	7 (7.4)	31 (38.8)
	Respiratory system	5 (5.3)	9 (11.3)
	Others	17 (17.9)	7 (8.8)
Stage of cancer	1~2	44 (46.3)	37 (46.3)	0.01	.557
Stage of cancer	3~4	51 (53.7)	43 (53.7)	0.01	.557
Cancer duration in years	＜1	66 (69.5)	52 (65.0)	0.40	.320
Cancer duration in years	≥1	29 (30.5)	28 (35.0)	0.40	.320
Hospital say (months)	＜1	92 (96.8)	40 (50.0)	52.99	＜.001
	≥1~＜3	3 (3.2)	12 (15.0)
	≥3	0 (0.0)	28 (35.0)
Treatment	Surgery	39 (26.3)	7 (8.8)	29.41	＜.001
	Chemotherapy	38 (40.0)	34 (42.5)
	Radiotherapy	6 (6.3)	16 (20.0)
	Combined therapy	12 (12.6)	23 (28.8)
Metastasis	Yes	49 (51.6)	35 (43.8)	1.07	.302
Metastasis	No	46 (48.4)	45 (56.2)	1.07	.302
Recurrence	Yes	9 (9.5)	13 (16.3)	1.81	.178
Recurrence	No	86 (90.5)	67 (83.7)	1.81	.178
Pain intensity		3.84±2.62	3.54±2.44	-0.79	.431
Pain Management Index	Appropriate	59 (62.1)	18 (22.5)	27.65	＜.001
Pain Management Index	Inappropriate	36 (37.9)	62 (77.5)	27.65	＜.001
Satisfaction with nursing care	Satisfied	77 (81.1)	44 (55.0)	13.82	＜.001
Satisfaction with nursing care	Dissatisfied	18 (18.9)	36 (45.0)	13.82	＜.001

Table 2.

Physical Symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals (N=175)

Variables	Categories	General hospital (n=95)	Long-term care hospital ⁽n=80)	x² or t	p
Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Physical symptoms
Pain	Yes	69 (72.6)	68 (85.0)	3.91	.048
Mood disorder	Yes	63 (66.3)	48 (60.0)	0.75	.387
Anorexia	Yes	57 (60.0)	45 (56.3)	0.25	.616
Nausea	Yes	40 (42.1)	46 (57.5)	4.12	.042
Dizziness	Yes	40 (42.1)	43 (53.8)	2.36	.124
Diarrhea/Constipation	Yes	38 (40.0)	35 (43.8)	0.25	.616
Fatigue	Yes	33 (34.7)	56 (70.0)	21.61	＜.001
Activity difficulty	Yes	28 (29.5)	21 (26.3)	0.22	.636
Digestive problem	Yes	25 (26.3)	15 (18.8)	1.41	.235
Fever/Chill	Yes	24 (25.3)	10 (12.5)	4.52	.034
Instability	Yes	21 (22.1)	22 (27.5)	0.68	.409
Vomiting	Yes	18 (18.9)	18 (22.5)	0.34	.562
Dyspnea	Yes	18 (18.9)	11 (13.8)	0.85	.357
Aprosexia	Yes	17 (17.9)	19 (23.8)	0.91	.340
Sleep disorder	Yes	14 (14.7)	34 (42.5)	16.82	＜.001
Change of appearance	Yes	13 (13.7)	29 (36.3)	12.12	＜.001
Cough	Yes	13 (13.7)	10 (12.5)	0.05	.817
Urination disorder	Yes	12 (12.6)	7 (8.8)	0.68	.411
Others	Yes	13 (13.7)	15 (18.8)	0.83	.362
Hope		171.65±25.45	169.83±32.44	-0.41	.683
Family support		47.50±5.58	44.25±8.62	-2.91	.004

Table 3.

Hope by General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	General hospital (n=95)			Long-term care hospital (n=80)
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p Scheffé	M±SD	t or F	p Scheffé
Age (year)	＜60	180.77±24.46	3.42	.001	176.30±29.42	2.67	.009
Age (year)	≥60	163.78±23.81	3.42	.001	156.38±34.82	2.67	.009
Gender	Male	168.26±27.08	-1.72	.089	153.04±30.96	-3.31	.001
Gender	Female	177.97±21.97	-1.72	.089	177.45±30.40	-3.31	.001
Educational level	Less than high school	170.30±25.83	-1.07	.001	166.13±31.05	-1.53	.131
Educational level	College or graduate degree	177.44±23.57	-1.07	.001	177.96±34.56	-1.53	.131
Marital status	Married	172.54±25.22	0.99	.324	172.21±31.67	1.27	.208
Marital status	Single/Divorced	164.10±27.55	0.99	.324	161.00±34.71	1.27	.208
Religion	Yes	182.35±22.17	3.46	.001	174.47±30.47	2.06	.043
Religion	No	164.83±25.22	3.46	.001	158.30±34.96	2.06	.043
Employment status	Employed	173.53±28.59	0.61	.544	165.38±32.93	-1.05	.295
Employment status	Unemployed	170.29±23.08	0.61	.544	173.11±32.04	-1.05	.295
Health insurance	Health insurance	171.38±25.79	-0.34	.732	171.43±32.31	1.34	.186
Health insurance	Medical care assistance	174.63±22.78	-0.34	.732	155.38±31.97	1.34	.186
Stage of cancer	1~2	183.43±23.67	4.62	＜.001	179.49±24.29	2.63	.010
Stage of cancer	3~4	161.49±22.55	4.62	＜.001	161.51±36.34	2.63	.010
Cancer duration in years	＜1	176.29±25.22	2.77	.007	174.90±29.00	1.81	.077
Cancer duration in years	≥1	161.10±23.07	2.77	.007	160.39±36.79	1.81	.077
Treatment	Surgery	184.08±22.37^a	9.23	＜.001	170.57±31.67^a	7.45	＜.001
	Chemotherapy	167.00±21.53^b		a＞b, d	173.18±27.68^b		b, c＞d
	Radiotherapy	169.83±31.77^c			192.63±22.47^c
	Combined therapy	146.92±22.31^d			148.78±33.97^d
Metastasis	Yes	161.84±23.34	-4.21	＜.001	161.80±38.18	-1.90	.063
Metastasis	No	182.11±23.57	-4.21	＜.001	176.07±25.93	-1.90	.063
Recurrence	Yes	161.56±22.72	-1.26	.213	161.46±43.02	-0.80	.437
Recurrence	No	172.71±25.61	-1.26	.213	171.45±30.11	-0.80	.437
Pain Management Index	Appropriate	167.57±25.73	-0.44	.662	169.41±32.00	-0.44	.965
Pain Management Index	Inappropriate	171.98±25.55	-0.44	.662	169.74±33.59	-0.44	.965
Satisfaction with nursing care	Satisfied	171.96±25.73	0.24	.809	179.32±26.17	2.95	.004
Satisfaction with nursing care	Dissatisfied	170.33±24.90	0.24	.809	158.22±35.81	2.95	.004

Table 4.

Family Support by General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	General hospital (n=95)			Long-term care hospital (n=80)
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p	M±SD	t or F	p
Age (year)	＜60	48.45±4.99	1.55	.124	45.06±8.68	1.21	.230
Age (year)	≥60	46.69±5.97	1.55	.124	42.58±8.39	1.21	.230
Gender	Male	47.16±5.90	-0.76	.447	40.28±9.82	-2.90	.005
Gender	Female	48.05±5.08	-0.76	.447	46.05±7.43	-2.90	.005
Educational level	Less than high school	47.22±5.54	-1.03	.307	44.05±7.83	-0.30	.766
Educational level	College or graduate degree	48.72±5.74	-1.03	.307	44.68±10.31	-0.30	.766
Marital status	Married	47.99±5.36	2.53	.013	45.27±7.13	1.54	.139
Marital status	Single/divorced	43.40±6.00	2.53	.013	40.47±12.27	1.54	.139
Religion	Yes	49.00±4.74	2.12	.036	45.16±7.92	1.50	.139
Religion	No	46.55±5.90	2.12	.036	42.00±9.97	1.50	.139
Employment status	Employed	47.70±5.54	0.29	.774	42.65±9.62	-1.44	.154
Employment status	Unemployed	47.36±5.65	0.29	.774	45.43±7.68	-1.44	.154
Health insurance	Health insurance	47.72±5.44	1.27	.209	44.40±8.84	0.47	.637
Health insurance	Medical care assistance	45.13±6.90	1.27	.209	42.88±6.53	0.47	.637
Stage of cancer	1~2	48.25±5.23	1.21	.229	45.97±6.89	1.68	.097
Stage of cancer	3~4	46.86±5.84	1.21	.229	42.77±9.70	1.68	.097
Cancer duration in years	＜1	47.48±5.82	-0.05	.957	45.21±8.89	1.37	.175
Cancer duration in years	≥1	47.55±5.10	-0.05	.957	42.46±7.92	1.37	.175
Treatment	Surgery	49.02±4.70	2.59	.058	42.43±8.79	4.12	.009
	Chemotherapy	46.84±5.87			45.65±8.78
	Radiotherapy	48.17±8.08			48.44±6.19
	Combined therapy	44.33±4.81			39.83±8.16
Metastasis	Yes	46.73±5.77	-1.40	.166	44.34±8.29	0.08	.933
Metastasis	No	48.33±5.32	-1.40	.166	44.18±8.96	0.08	.933
Recurrence	Yes	47.78±6.74	0.15	.879	43.92±7.65	-0.15	.882
Recurrence	No	47.48±5.49	0.15	.879	44.31±8.84	-0.15	.882
Pain Management Index	Appropriate	46.86±7.84	-0.32	.751	46.54±6.84	0.31	.755
Pain Management Index	Inappropriate	47.56±5.42	-0.32	.751	43.92±10.38	0.31	.755
Satisfaction with nursing care	Satisfied	47.53±5.89	0.10	.922	45.89±7.81	1.91	.060
Satisfaction with nursing care	Dissatisfied	47.39±4.16	0.10	.922	42.25±9.23	1.91	.060

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Physical symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(3):298-311. Published online June 30, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.3.298

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Physical symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(3):298-311. Published online June 30, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.3.298

Physical symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals

Table 1.

General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	General hospital (n=95)	Long-term care hospital (n=80)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)	＜60	44 (46.3)	54 (67.5)	7.91	.005
Age (year)	≥60	51 (53.7)	26 (32.5)	7.91	.005
Gender	Male	58 (61.1)	25 (31.3)	15.47	＜.001
Gender	Female	37 (38.9)	55 (68.8)	15.47	＜.001
Educational level	Less than high school	77 (81.1)	55 (68.8)	3.55	.078
Educational level	College or graduate degree	18 (18.9)	25 (18.9)	3.55	.078
Marital status	Married	85 (89.5)	63 (78.8)	3.83	.050
Marital status	Single/divorced	10 (10.5)	17 (21.3)	3.83	.050
Religion	Yes	37 (38.9)	57 (71.3)	18.23	＜.001
Religion	No	58 (61.1)	23 (28.8)	18.23	＜.001
Employment status	Employed	40 (42.1)	34 (42.5)	0.00	.958
Employment status	Unemployed	55 (57.9)	46 (57.5)	0.00	.958
Economic burden	Low	9 (9.5)	7 (8.8)	1.28	.528
	Average	71 (74.7)	55 (68.8)
	High	15 (15.8)	18 (22.5)
Health insurance	Health insurance	87 (91.6)	72 (90.0)	0.13	.718
Health insurance	Medical care assistance	8 (8.4)	8 (10.0)	0.13	.718
Living arrangement	Live with spouse	78 (82.1)	51 (63.8)	7.56	.023
	Live alone	8 (8.4)	14 (17.5)
	Live with others	9 (9.5)	15 (18.8)
Caregiver	Spouse	52 (54.7)	37 (46.3)	2.05	.358
	Children	18 (18.9)	14 (17.5)
	Others	25 (26.3)	29 (36.3)
Region of cancer	Upper digestive system	42 (44.2)	19 (23.8)	30.71	＜.001
	Lower digestive system	24 (25.3)	14 (17.5)
	Breast	7 (7.4)	31 (38.8)
	Respiratory system	5 (5.3)	9 (11.3)
	Others	17 (17.9)	7 (8.8)
Stage of cancer	1~2	44 (46.3)	37 (46.3)	0.01	.557
Stage of cancer	3~4	51 (53.7)	43 (53.7)	0.01	.557
Cancer duration in years	＜1	66 (69.5)	52 (65.0)	0.40	.320
Cancer duration in years	≥1	29 (30.5)	28 (35.0)	0.40	.320
Hospital say (months)	＜1	92 (96.8)	40 (50.0)	52.99	＜.001
	≥1~＜3	3 (3.2)	12 (15.0)
	≥3	0 (0.0)	28 (35.0)
Treatment	Surgery	39 (26.3)	7 (8.8)	29.41	＜.001
	Chemotherapy	38 (40.0)	34 (42.5)
	Radiotherapy	6 (6.3)	16 (20.0)
	Combined therapy	12 (12.6)	23 (28.8)
Metastasis	Yes	49 (51.6)	35 (43.8)	1.07	.302
Metastasis	No	46 (48.4)	45 (56.2)	1.07	.302
Recurrence	Yes	9 (9.5)	13 (16.3)	1.81	.178
Recurrence	No	86 (90.5)	67 (83.7)	1.81	.178
Pain intensity		3.84±2.62	3.54±2.44	-0.79	.431
Pain Management Index	Appropriate	59 (62.1)	18 (22.5)	27.65	＜.001
Pain Management Index	Inappropriate	36 (37.9)	62 (77.5)	27.65	＜.001
Satisfaction with nursing care	Satisfied	77 (81.1)	44 (55.0)	13.82	＜.001
Satisfaction with nursing care	Dissatisfied	18 (18.9)	36 (45.0)	13.82	＜.001

Table 2.

Physical Symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals (N=175)

Variables	Categories	General hospital (n=95)	Long-term care hospital ⁽n=80)	x² or t	p
Variables	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Physical symptoms
Pain	Yes	69 (72.6)	68 (85.0)	3.91	.048
Mood disorder	Yes	63 (66.3)	48 (60.0)	0.75	.387
Anorexia	Yes	57 (60.0)	45 (56.3)	0.25	.616
Nausea	Yes	40 (42.1)	46 (57.5)	4.12	.042
Dizziness	Yes	40 (42.1)	43 (53.8)	2.36	.124
Diarrhea/Constipation	Yes	38 (40.0)	35 (43.8)	0.25	.616
Fatigue	Yes	33 (34.7)	56 (70.0)	21.61	＜.001
Activity difficulty	Yes	28 (29.5)	21 (26.3)	0.22	.636
Digestive problem	Yes	25 (26.3)	15 (18.8)	1.41	.235
Fever/Chill	Yes	24 (25.3)	10 (12.5)	4.52	.034
Instability	Yes	21 (22.1)	22 (27.5)	0.68	.409
Vomiting	Yes	18 (18.9)	18 (22.5)	0.34	.562
Dyspnea	Yes	18 (18.9)	11 (13.8)	0.85	.357
Aprosexia	Yes	17 (17.9)	19 (23.8)	0.91	.340
Sleep disorder	Yes	14 (14.7)	34 (42.5)	16.82	＜.001
Change of appearance	Yes	13 (13.7)	29 (36.3)	12.12	＜.001
Cough	Yes	13 (13.7)	10 (12.5)	0.05	.817
Urination disorder	Yes	12 (12.6)	7 (8.8)	0.68	.411
Others	Yes	13 (13.7)	15 (18.8)	0.83	.362
Hope		171.65±25.45	169.83±32.44	-0.41	.683
Family support		47.50±5.58	44.25±8.62	-2.91	.004

Table 3.

Hope by General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	General hospital (n=95)			Long-term care hospital (n=80)
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p Scheffé	M±SD	t or F	p Scheffé
Age (year)	＜60	180.77±24.46	3.42	.001	176.30±29.42	2.67	.009
Age (year)	≥60	163.78±23.81	3.42	.001	156.38±34.82	2.67	.009
Gender	Male	168.26±27.08	-1.72	.089	153.04±30.96	-3.31	.001
Gender	Female	177.97±21.97	-1.72	.089	177.45±30.40	-3.31	.001
Educational level	Less than high school	170.30±25.83	-1.07	.001	166.13±31.05	-1.53	.131
Educational level	College or graduate degree	177.44±23.57	-1.07	.001	177.96±34.56	-1.53	.131
Marital status	Married	172.54±25.22	0.99	.324	172.21±31.67	1.27	.208
Marital status	Single/Divorced	164.10±27.55	0.99	.324	161.00±34.71	1.27	.208
Religion	Yes	182.35±22.17	3.46	.001	174.47±30.47	2.06	.043
Religion	No	164.83±25.22	3.46	.001	158.30±34.96	2.06	.043
Employment status	Employed	173.53±28.59	0.61	.544	165.38±32.93	-1.05	.295
Employment status	Unemployed	170.29±23.08	0.61	.544	173.11±32.04	-1.05	.295
Health insurance	Health insurance	171.38±25.79	-0.34	.732	171.43±32.31	1.34	.186
Health insurance	Medical care assistance	174.63±22.78	-0.34	.732	155.38±31.97	1.34	.186
Stage of cancer	1~2	183.43±23.67	4.62	＜.001	179.49±24.29	2.63	.010
Stage of cancer	3~4	161.49±22.55	4.62	＜.001	161.51±36.34	2.63	.010
Cancer duration in years	＜1	176.29±25.22	2.77	.007	174.90±29.00	1.81	.077
Cancer duration in years	≥1	161.10±23.07	2.77	.007	160.39±36.79	1.81	.077
Treatment	Surgery	184.08±22.37^a	9.23	＜.001	170.57±31.67^a	7.45	＜.001
	Chemotherapy	167.00±21.53^b		a＞b, d	173.18±27.68^b		b, c＞d
	Radiotherapy	169.83±31.77^c			192.63±22.47^c
	Combined therapy	146.92±22.31^d			148.78±33.97^d
Metastasis	Yes	161.84±23.34	-4.21	＜.001	161.80±38.18	-1.90	.063
Metastasis	No	182.11±23.57	-4.21	＜.001	176.07±25.93	-1.90	.063
Recurrence	Yes	161.56±22.72	-1.26	.213	161.46±43.02	-0.80	.437
Recurrence	No	172.71±25.61	-1.26	.213	171.45±30.11	-0.80	.437
Pain Management Index	Appropriate	167.57±25.73	-0.44	.662	169.41±32.00	-0.44	.965
Pain Management Index	Inappropriate	171.98±25.55	-0.44	.662	169.74±33.59	-0.44	.965
Satisfaction with nursing care	Satisfied	171.96±25.73	0.24	.809	179.32±26.17	2.95	.004
Satisfaction with nursing care	Dissatisfied	170.33±24.90	0.24	.809	158.22±35.81	2.95	.004

Table 4.

Family Support by General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	General hospital (n=95)			Long-term care hospital (n=80)
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p	M±SD	t or F	p
Age (year)	＜60	48.45±4.99	1.55	.124	45.06±8.68	1.21	.230
Age (year)	≥60	46.69±5.97	1.55	.124	42.58±8.39	1.21	.230
Gender	Male	47.16±5.90	-0.76	.447	40.28±9.82	-2.90	.005
Gender	Female	48.05±5.08	-0.76	.447	46.05±7.43	-2.90	.005
Educational level	Less than high school	47.22±5.54	-1.03	.307	44.05±7.83	-0.30	.766
Educational level	College or graduate degree	48.72±5.74	-1.03	.307	44.68±10.31	-0.30	.766
Marital status	Married	47.99±5.36	2.53	.013	45.27±7.13	1.54	.139
Marital status	Single/divorced	43.40±6.00	2.53	.013	40.47±12.27	1.54	.139
Religion	Yes	49.00±4.74	2.12	.036	45.16±7.92	1.50	.139
Religion	No	46.55±5.90	2.12	.036	42.00±9.97	1.50	.139
Employment status	Employed	47.70±5.54	0.29	.774	42.65±9.62	-1.44	.154
Employment status	Unemployed	47.36±5.65	0.29	.774	45.43±7.68	-1.44	.154
Health insurance	Health insurance	47.72±5.44	1.27	.209	44.40±8.84	0.47	.637
Health insurance	Medical care assistance	45.13±6.90	1.27	.209	42.88±6.53	0.47	.637
Stage of cancer	1~2	48.25±5.23	1.21	.229	45.97±6.89	1.68	.097
Stage of cancer	3~4	46.86±5.84	1.21	.229	42.77±9.70	1.68	.097
Cancer duration in years	＜1	47.48±5.82	-0.05	.957	45.21±8.89	1.37	.175
Cancer duration in years	≥1	47.55±5.10	-0.05	.957	42.46±7.92	1.37	.175
Treatment	Surgery	49.02±4.70	2.59	.058	42.43±8.79	4.12	.009
	Chemotherapy	46.84±5.87			45.65±8.78
	Radiotherapy	48.17±8.08			48.44±6.19
	Combined therapy	44.33±4.81			39.83±8.16
Metastasis	Yes	46.73±5.77	-1.40	.166	44.34±8.29	0.08	.933
Metastasis	No	48.33±5.32	-1.40	.166	44.18±8.96	0.08	.933
Recurrence	Yes	47.78±6.74	0.15	.879	43.92±7.65	-0.15	.882
Recurrence	No	47.48±5.49	0.15	.879	44.31±8.84	-0.15	.882
Pain Management Index	Appropriate	46.86±7.84	-0.32	.751	46.54±6.84	0.31	.755
Pain Management Index	Inappropriate	47.56±5.42	-0.32	.751	43.92±10.38	0.31	.755
Satisfaction with nursing care	Satisfied	47.53±5.89	0.10	.922	45.89±7.81	1.91	.060
Satisfaction with nursing care	Dissatisfied	47.39±4.16	0.10	.922	42.25±9.23	1.91	.060

Table 1. General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Table 2. Physical Symptoms, Hope and Family Support of Cancer Patients in the General Hospitals and Long-term Care Hospitals (N=175)

Table 3. Hope by General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

Table 4. Family Support by General Characteristics and Disease related Characteristics (N=175)

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