PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of reported self-blame in the relationship between stigma and distress among cancer patients. METHODS A convenience sample of 247 inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with one of the five major cancers was recruited. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from June 2013 to November 2013. The instruments used for data collection were the Korean Cancer Stigma Scale, the Psychological Symptom Inventory, and the Social Shame and Guilt Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression using Baron and Kenny steps for mediation. RESULTS The mean score reported for cancer stigma was 35.34, the mean score for distress was 13.77, and the mean for self-blame was 19.25. There was a significant correlation among stigma, distress, and self-blame. Self-blame was directly affected by stigma (R2=34.3%). Distress was directly affected by stigma (R2=13.0%). Stigma and self-blame impacted reported distress (R2=20.9%). Self-blame had a partial mediating effect (β=.35, p < .001) in the relationship between stigma and distress (Sobel test: Z=3.64, p < .001). CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on reducing stigma and decreasing self-blame may relieve the distress reported by patients with cancer.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Perceived stigmatization in cancer patients during the first year after diagnosis: the role of socioeconomic status Jochen Ernst, Anne-Kathrin Köditz, Ute Goerling, Tanja Zimmermann, Beate Hornemann, Franziska Springer, Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf Journal of Cancer Survivorship.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Scale to Assess Cancer Attitude in the Community Neşe Uysal, Filiz Ünal Toprak Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2024; 40(6): 151728. CrossRef
Disease Perception, Stigma, Distress, Physical Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Cross-Sectional Study Eun-Hee Lee, Dongwon Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 494. CrossRef
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast, Gastrointestinal, Gynecological, or Lung Cancer Johanna A. Suskin, Steven M. Paul, Ashley R. Stuckey, Yvette P. Conley, Jon D. Levine, Marilyn J. Hammer, Christine Miaskowski, Laura B. Dunn Cancer Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Turkish validity and reliability of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS-T) Banu Çevik, Sultan Kav, Pelinsu Kaynar, Zeynep Kübra Sahin, Büşra Tekcan, Şeymanur Ülker Palliative and Supportive Care.2023; 21(1): 100. CrossRef
The Relationship between Self-Perceived Health and Physical Activity in the Mental Health of Korean Cancer Survivors Sungjung Kwak, Jieun Shin, Jong-Yeup Kim Healthcare.2023; 11(11): 1549. CrossRef
Factors associated with distress among female cancer survivors at the workplace: A cross-sectional study Juhyun Jin, Eunju Lee, Suin Lee Journal of Occupational Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with the quality of work life among working breast cancer survivors Juhyun Jin Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 9(2): 97. CrossRef
Structural Equation Model of the Quality of Working Life among Cancer Survivors Returning to Work Ju Hyun Jin, Eun Ju Lee Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(1): 37. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Quality of Work Life in a Sample of Cancer Survivor Female Nurses Ju Hyun Jin, Eun Ju Lee Medicina.2020; 56(12): 721. CrossRef
Good Nursing Experience of Patients with Cancer in a Korean Cancer Hospital Eunyoung E. Suh, Hye Jin Yoo, Jeong Hee Hong, In Gak Kwon, Hyunju Song Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2020; 13(3): 51. CrossRef
Relationship between Mothers' Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and Attitudes toward Preventing Cervical Cancer in their Pubertal Daughters Da Bit Lee, Hae Won Kim Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 434. CrossRef
The Mediating Effect of Workplace Spirituality on the Relation between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Cancer Survivors Returning to Work Ju-Hyun Jin, Eun-Ju Lee International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(19): 3510. CrossRef
Experience of Cancer Patients Receiving Spiritual Nursing Care in one Christian General Hospital Eun Youngi Seo, Suhye Kwon, Youngkyoung Kim, ALeum Han Asian Oncology Nursing.2019; 19(3): 179. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was performed to identify the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and quality of life (QoL) among patients with ostomy. METHODS A crosssectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of 150 patients with ostomy was recruited from three hospitals located in Gwangju and Chonnam province in Korea. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires and included demographics as well as measures of PTSD, resilience, and QoL. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and linear regression using the SPSS 24.0 program. RESULTS There were significant negative relationships between PTSD and QoL (r=−.30, p < .001) and between PTSD and resilience (r=−.57, p < .001). Resilience showed a partial mediating effect (β=.39, p < .001) between PTSD and QoL (Z=−3.12, p < .001). CONCLUSION This study findings suggest the importance of reducing PTSD scores and improving resilience among persons with ostomy which will possibly increase their QoL. Nursing interventions including counseling or education to improve psychological resilience might help better manage PTSD among patients with ostomy.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Relationships between stigma, coping styles, self-care and post-traumatic growth among colorectal cancer patients with permanent enterostomy: A cross-sectional study Meida Zhang, Yiming Li Heliyon.2025; 11(10): e38902. CrossRef
Resilience Among Residents from the Areas First Affected by COVID-19 in South Korea Eunhee Nam, Yujeong Kim Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2022; Volume 15: 1033. CrossRef
Mediating Effect of Resilience between Supportive Care Needs and Quality of Life of Female Genital Cancer Patients Yu-Jung Son, Keum-Hee Nam Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(3): 269. CrossRef
Patient Perspectives on Medical Trauma Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Kimberly Pothemont, Sarah Quinton, Majdoline Jayoushe, Sharon Jedel, Alyse Bedell, Stephen B. Hanauer, Ece A. Mutlu, Tiffany H. Taft Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings.2022; 29(3): 596. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of Resilience Enhancement Program Applying Mindfulness Meditation in Patients with Ileostomy Jee Hye Shin, Ja Yun Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(3): 334. CrossRef
Relationship between Self-efficacy and Resilience among Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Stoma: Mediating Effects of Family Support and Medical Staff Support Mi Na Yun, Kyoung Mi Kim Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(6): 599. CrossRef
Hopelessness and suicide ideation in ostomy patients: a mixed method study Nasrin Sarabi Journal of Coloproctology.2020; 40(03): 214. CrossRef
Effects of social support and self‐efficacy on the psychosocial adjustment of Korean ostomy patients Keum Hee Nam, Heui Yeoung Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Ki‐Noh Kang, Soo Yang Na, Bok Hee Han International Wound Journal.2019; 16(S1): 13. CrossRef
Symptom Distress and Depression in Patients with Recurrent Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: Mediating Effect of Resilience Eun Jung Yang, Ho Sihn Ryu Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 28. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to identify factors influencing a relapse among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Of 250 participants enrolled in the original study 75 were selected as there was no relapse for more than one year following the initial treatment and 54 were selected because there was a relapse. Data were analyzed using χ² test, t-test or F test to determine if there were any significant differences in the study variables relative to the status of relapse. Predictors were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS Autonomy supported by healthcare providers was the significant predictor for relapse in patients with CAD. Patients with low autonomy supported by healthcare providers was 3.91 times more likely to relapse than patients with high autonomy supported. Patients with diabetes were at greater risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Secondary prevention of CAD is a major task for patients with CAD. Behavioral strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction are essential and autonomy supported by healthcare providers should be included in their strategies.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Effect of risk factor-tailored autonomy enhancement education in the first-time middle-aged patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial In Ae Uhm, Seon Young Hwang BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Coronary Risk Factor and Nutrient Intake Status of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Normal Subjects : Data Obtained from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Hyun Kyung Oh, Ho Kyung Ryu The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(2): 189. CrossRef
Feasibility and preliminary effects of a theory-based self-management program for kidney transplant recipients: A pilot study Hye Won Jeong, Chi Eun Song, Minjeong An, Lucy E. Selman PLOS ONE.2021; 16(6): e0248947. CrossRef
The Impact of Cluster-Type Risk Factors on Adverse Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Data Analysis In Ae Uhm, Seon Young Hwang Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 156. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Health Behavior Adherence in Middle and Old Aged Men Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Lee, Kyung Sim, Kyung Mi Sung The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2019; 22(2): 87. CrossRef
Gender Comparison Factors Influencing Regular Exercise Adherence in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015) Hyekyung Jin, Minju Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2018; 25(2): 134. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study aimed at the effectiveness to investigate the performance of evidence-based pain assessment and management guidelines. METHODS Participants were 140 nurses at the med-surgical units. Data were collected in early July, 2014 using Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) guideline (2007) revised and validated by Hong and Lee (2012) and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS/WIN18.0. RESULTS The score of performance of pain assessment guideline was higher than the score of pain management. Categories with high score were pain screening, parameter of pain assessment, documentation, assessment of opioids side-effects, and record of pain caused intervention. Categories with low score were comprehensive pain assessment, multidisciplinary communication, establishing a plan for pain management, consultation and education for patients and their families, and education for nurse. Non-pharmacological management was the lowest one. CONCLUSION Assessing and managing pain is a complex phenomenon. It might be useful if institutions host training programs to ensure that nurse are better able to understand and implement pain assessment and management. Since non-pharmacological management is less likely to be used by nurses it may be helpful to include these methods in a training program.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Developing and Implementing Postoperative Pain Management Guidelines for Breast Cancer Surgery: A Leadership Perspective Mouza Al Ameri, Nandan M Shanbhag Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing Oncology Nurses’ Pain Management of Cancer Patients Hoi Sook Seo, Eun Young Park, Se Jin Park, Bo Ra Han, Myung Jin Jang Asian Oncology Nursing.2021; 21(4): 213. CrossRef
Identification of Knowledge Structure of Pain Management Nursing Research Applying Text Network Analysis Chan Sook Park, Eun-Jun Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 538. CrossRef
PURPOSE Lung cancer patients are often stigmatized since lung cancer is closely associated with smoking, which is a self-administered life style. The stigma of lung cancer has been examined in some qualitative studies; however, their findings were diverse and not yet synthesized. Therefore, this meta-synthesis study aimed to explore how lung cancer patients experience stigma. METHODS A meta-synthesis method, as suggested by Sandelowski and Barroso in 2007, was applied by aggregating the findings after an evaluation according to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). RESULTS By synthesizing the findings of the selected seven papers, a synthesized theme was emerged as "experiencing external and internal distances, which mandates authentic and consistent supports." The four sub-themes included 'experiencing some distance from the surrounded world,' 'experiencing self-made distance between the disease and oneself,' 'the disease experience causes social isolation and loneliness,' and 'there is lack of supportive care for myself.' CONCLUSION: Health care providers should be more attentive to supporting lung cancer patients by providing more effective advocacy programs that improve patients' quality of life.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Stigma in Early-Stage Lung Cancer Sarah Bédard, Hannah Sasewich, Jessica Culling, Simon R Turner, Janelle Pellizzari, Scott Johnson, Eric L R Bédard Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2022; 56(12): 1272. CrossRef
Social isolation in adults with cancer: An evolutionary concept analysis Yanjing Liang, Guihua Hao, Mei Wu, Lili Hou Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to construct, develop, and apply a nursing information system (NIS) using NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage in medical-surgical nursing units. METHODS This study consisted of three phases which were the construction of the database, development of the NIS, and application of the NIS. To construct the database, a questionnaire and nursing record review by an expert group were used. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 13.0 program. RESULTS In first phase, the database was made up of 50 nursing diagnoses, 127 nursing outcomes and 300 nursing interventions. In the second phase, NIS was developed according to its flow diagram and then tested. In the third phase, the developed NIS was applied to 130 inpatients. Nursing diagnoses frequently used were acute pain, delayed surgical recovery, and deficient knowledge (specify). Nursing outcomes for a nursing diagnosis of 'acute pain' were identified as pain control, pain level and comfort level. Nursing interventions for the nursing outcome 'pain control' were pain management, patient controlled analgesia assistance and medication management. CONCLUSION The results of this study will facilitate the use of the newly proposed NIS in nursing practice and provide a guideline for evidence-based nursing.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Configuring a computer‑based nursing process form to support nursing diagnosis in rural healthcare clinics in Nigeria Chinemerem Eleke, Ada C. Nwaner, Joy C. Samuel, Sabinah Ngbala‑Okpabi, Ifeyinwa S. Agu, Damiete M. Amachree, Tex‑Jack Dokuba Journal of Public Health in Africa.2023; 14(10): 9. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review Sena Chae, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sue Moorhead Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(11): 963. CrossRef
Identification of Nursing Diagnosis–Outcome–Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in the Obstetrics Department Nursing Unit in South Korea Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko, Hyun Kyung Kim International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 12. CrossRef
Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in Gynecology Department Nursing Units Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 170. CrossRef
Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses Applied to Emergency Room Patients - Using the NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Classification -* Young A Kim, Soon Hee Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2015; 22(1): 16. CrossRef
Identification of Major Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Outcomes, and Nursing Interventions (NNN) Linkage for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Su Mi Song, Hyangsook So, Minjeong An Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 413. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was to provide baseline data to arrange systematic management for the infectious waste. METHODS This data was collected by self-reported questionnaires from a total of 419 subjects, ie nurses, nurse's aides and laboratory technicians working at a university hospital located in G city. The collected data were analyzed by t-test or ANOVA, Tukey test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS The knowledge of the infectious waste was statistically significant in type of staff and level of education. Attitude was statistically significant in type of staff, age group, level of education, working period, and marital status. And also the practice of the subject was statistically significant in type of staff, age group, education level, the working periods, and marital status. There was positive association between attitude and practice(r=.63, p< 001). By means of multiple stepwise regression analysis, total variance explained by the attitude towards infectious wastes, single employee, and the working periods less than ten years was 44% of the practice of infectious wastes. CONCLUSION An educational program focusing on strategy to change employee's attitude can be effective for building a well-organized management system.
PURPOSE This study analyzes the trends of nursing researches about organ donation and transplantation, and recommends the direction of future nursing studies in Korea. METHODS Ninety-nine researches based upon organ donation and transplantation in Korea were analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS Among them 58 papers were master's theses and 9 were doctoral dissertations. Articles about organ beneficiaries were seventy. The 47 articles among them were for kidney transplantation. By the types of research design, there were 73 quantitative studies, 19 qualitative studies, and 9 methodological studies. In correlation studies, the quality of life of subjects were evaluated the association with stress, social support, self-efficacy, and compliance. In experimental studies, the independent variables were self efficacy promotion exercise, steroid medication, educational programs regarding an organ transplantation and a brain death, Danjeon breathing exercise, and telephone counseling. The methods of qualitative studies were based on the grounded theory, phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, and ethnography. The dominant concepts of qualitative researches were experiences of a decision-making of donors and of recipients for organ transplantation. CONCLUSION Descriptive surveys or correlation studies were predominant on the nursing research about organ transplantation. Qualitative studies were conducted to some extent. It is recommended to conduct clinically applicable interventional researches with the experimental design.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to develop Web-based multimedia contents for supporting student nurses' clinical practice on critical care, and to evaluate learners' responses. METHODS Based on the steps of Assessment, Design, Development, Implementation, & Evaluation(ADDIE) model, a total of 13 self-directed learning modules including live lectures and real video clips were developed through faculty collaboration of nine nursing colleges in Gwangju and Chonnam province. The finally developed multimedia contents were published on the Web of the learning management system at a local e-learning center. RESULTS The Web contents were evaluated after self-learning by 81 junior college nursing students who were encouraged to study it at their own pace during their two-week clinical practice at a medical or surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital and two hospitals. The knowledge (t = -27.66, p < .001) and self-evaluated clinical performance level(t = 7.54, p < .001) were significantly increased after learning of the Web contents and clinical practice, and satisfaction level that measured post-test only was 4.0 out of 5 point. CONCLUSION The use of Web contents for critical care need to be extended as a complimentary material in a class room lecture or clinical practice of students to increase their self-learning ability and understandings of clinical knowledge and situation.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and contribution of 9 nursing outcomes and their indicators that could be applied to cerebrovascular patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 175 neurosurgical nurses working at two university affiliated hospitals and five secondary hospitals located in Gwang-ju. The Fehring method was used to estimate outcome content validity(OCV) and outcome sensitivity validity(OSV) of nursing outcomes and their indicators. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate relationship between outcome and its indicators. RESULTS: The core outcomes identified by the OCV were Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral, Nutritional Status, Neurological Status, and Wound Healing: Primary Intention, whereas highly supportive outcomes identified by the OSV were Oral Health, Self-Care: ADL, and Nutritional Status. All the critical indicators selected for Fehring method were not included in stepwise regression model. By stepwise regression analysis, the indicators explained outcomes from 19% to 52% in importance and from 21% to 45% in contribution. CONCLUSION: This study identified core and supportive outcomes and their indicators which could be useful to assess the physical status of cerebrovascular patients. Further research is needed for the revision and development of nursing outcomes and their indicators at neurological nursing area.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of changes on the score of nausea/vomiting and anxiety during one cycle of chemotherapy. METHOD: A total of 53 subjects who were admitted to C University Hospital for a period of 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from February to April, 2003. Total scores of nausea/vomiting were measured twice a day 3 days for a total of 6 measurements. Anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue were also measured at the first and last measurement points. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures, ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test, & Pearson's correlation. RESULT: The score of nausea/vomiting increased over time except for the 4th measurement point but no changes were significant over time. There were the significant differences between 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd nausea/vomiting score at p < 0.05. The scores of anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue between the first and 6th points were significantly different(t=-5.69, p=.001; t=6.25, p=.0001; t=3.65, p=.0007). CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between anxiety, and anticipatory and acute nausea/vomiting respectively.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate fatigue and its related factors in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 98 patients receiving radiotherapy. Subjects were recruited from C University Hospital radiation oncology unit located in Gwangju from March to May, 2001. Questionnaire and medical records were used for data collection. The obtained data was analyzed using SAS program that included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Fisher's LSD) and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULT: The fatigue perceived by the subjects was middle level (5.59 +/- 1.59) and 72.4% of them reported greater than 5 points. The subjects in no religion, low income, and spouse caregiver groups experienced the higher fatigue than another groups, respectively. The subjects in nasopharyngeal cancer, head & neck radiation site, and analgesics medication groups did, experience fatigue as well. The fatigue not only positively correlated with symptom distress, disruption of usual activity, sleep dissatisfaction, and mood state, but also negatively with less family support. CONCLUSION: Cancer patients receiving radiotherapy experience the middle level of fatigue and it correlates with the multi-dimensional factors. However, further research is needed to identify the changes in fatigue over the radiotherapy period through longitudinal design and to develop nursing intervention for fatigue decrease.
Hyang Sook So, Ja Yun Choi, In Sook Cho, Young Jae Kim, Ji Young Kim, Ae Sook Kim, Ok Mi Kim, Chun Sim Kim, Hyun Oh Kim, Young Ae Sul, Jung Ok Ahn, Ae Rhee Lee, Young Ja Lee
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2003;15(3):472-482. Published online September 30, 2003
PURPOSE Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. METHOD Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. RESULT Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group; 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.
PURPOSE This study was to investigate symptom occurrence related to the disease characteristics of patients with cancer. METHOD A total of 301 patients with cancer participated in this study. The participants were recruited from University Hospitals located in Seoul, Wonju, Kwangju, Daegu, and Pusan. Data collection was performed by using a questionnaire on symptom occurrence. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS computer program that included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and t-test. 1) Yonsei University (Wonju College of Medicine) 2) Ajou University 3) Home Health-Hospice Research Institute at Yonsei University 4) Research Institute of Nursing Science at Chonnam National University 5) The Institute of Nursing Science at Kyungpook National University 6) Research Institute of Wholistic Nursing Science at Kosin University. RESULT The mean score of fatigue was the highest (3.24), followed by loss of appetite, lack of concentration, change in appearance, pain, insomnia, change in bowel pattern, nausea/ vomiting, coughing, and dyspnea. Most symptoms were significantly correlated with each other. The level of symptom occurrence in patients with lung cancer or cervix cancer was significantly higher than the level in patients with stomach cancer. Patients receiving radiation therapy or a combined therapy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy experienced significantly higher level of symptom occurrence than those receiving chemotherapy only. Also, female patients experienced higher level of symptom occurrence than male patients did. CONCLUSION The sites of cancer, types of treatment, and gender influence the level of symptom occurrence of patients with cancer. Thus, these variables should be considered when assessing and planing for symptom occurrence of patients with cancer.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify factors of the causal attribution of cancer and to determine related variables. METHOD Subjects were one hundred and thirty three cancer patients. The tool of the perceived causal attribution used was developed by authors and basically founded on Kim's work(1993). The SAS program was used to analyze the data along with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple range test, and Principal component analysis and varimax rotation. RESULTS 1) The perceived causal attribution measurement revealed four factors; overload, destiny, stress, and constitution. The total percentage of variance explained by the four factors was 44.3%. 2) The scores of destiny on women, having religion, unemployed, lower level of education, no spouse, groups of uterine cervix and lung cancer, not receiving an operation and receiving radiation were significantly higher than those other groups. 3) The scores of stress on women, having religion, and not having a job were significantly higher than those on men, without religion, and having a job. 4) The scores of constitution on those in their forties, women, not receiving an operation and receiving radiation were significantly higher than for those in their sixties, men, receiving operation and not receiving radiation. There was no significant difference in the factor scores of overload by any variables. CONCLUSION Factors of the perceived causal attribution of cancer among Korean cancer patients were overload, destiny, stress, and constitution. The scores of each factor the perceived causal attribution was significantly different by general and disease related characteristics.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy and health promoting behavior, and to determine the predictors of health promoting behavior in post-mastectomy patients. The study, a descriptive correlational study, was done with structural questionnaires. A total of 51 post-mastectomy subjects from C university hospital in Kwang-ju, South Korea completed mail-in self-reporting questionnaires during a three month period from March to June, 1999. The data were collected using Lawstone's(1982) perceived health status scale, Rosenberg's(1965) self-esteem scale, the modified self-efficacy scale(Shere et al, 1982), and the modified health promoting lifestyle profile (Walker et al, 1987). The data obtained were analyzed according to percentage, mean and standard deviation, principal component analysis, varimax rotation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The health promoting behavior measurement resulted in six factors. Each factor was labelled as follows: self-actualization, nutrition, stress management, exercise, health responsibility and interpersonal support. The total percent of variance explained by the six factors was 58.4%. 2. The mean score of health promoting behavior was 85.92(range 58~117). The scores of six factor were nutrition 3.20, self-actualization 2.59, stress management 2.58, interpersonal support 2.58, health responsibility 2.49, and exercise 2.34 on a four point scale. 3. When the score of health promoting behavior factors were compared by general characteristics. FactorI: self-actualization, differed significantly by the frequency of pregnancy (F=3.06, p=.037). FactorII: nutrition differed significantly by drinking experience(t=-2.26, p=.028) and the pre- or post stage of menopause(F=2.69, p=078). FactorIII: stress management differed significantly depending on regularity of mensturation(t=-2.12, p= .042). FactorIV: exercise differed significantly by type of religion (F=2.49, p=.072), marital status(F=5.03, p=.010), and feeding type (F=2.64, p=.036). FactorV: health responsibility differed significantly by regularity of mensturation(t=2.18, p=.037). 4. The total health promoting behavior score was significantly related to self-esteem and perceived health status(r=.610, p.006; r= .378, p=.006). The score of self-actualization also corresponded with self-esteem and perceived health status(r=.556, p=.001; r=.343, p=.013). 5. The predictor to explain the score of health promoting behavior was self-esteem, which accounted for 37.1% of the total variance. The predictor to explain the score of self-actualization was self-esteem, which accounted for 30.9% of the total variance. The score of nutrition was primarily affected by both premenopause and drinking experience, which accounted for 13.1% and 9.5% respectively. Finally, the score of exercise was dictated by marriage, Buddhism, no experience of breast feeding, which accounted for 17%, 9.8%, & 5.2% respectively. In conclusion, self-esteem is the main predictor for health promoting behavior in post-mastectomy women. These findings suggest a need for nursing strategies which promote self-esteem in such patients.
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors related to sexual function of women with coronary artery disease, and to determine the predictors of sexual function. The study design, a descriptive correlational study, was done through structural questionnaire and interview. A total of 50 subjects from C University Hospital at Kwang-ju city who have undergone coronary angiography at department of cardiology were observed and interviewed from Feb. 22, 1999 to March. 23, 1999. The number of affected vessels, the level of total serum cholesterol, and the ejection fraction of 2-D echo cardiography were analyzed to evaluate the severity of coronary artery disease. And also type A behavior pattern, health behavior, Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W) were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis via SPSS PC+. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean age of the subjects were 58.1 and 72.0% of those have been married over 30 years. Seventy two percentage were unemployed and monthly family income of 56.6% was less than 1,000,000 won (approximately $ 840). Eighty percent were in their postmenopausal state, and the frequency of sexual intercourse of 84.0% were two to three times per month.
2. The scores of type A behavior pattern were from 16 to 38(mean 24.94) and health behavior ranged from 21 to 43(mean 31.2). Abstinence from smoking, alcohol, and caffeine were best compliant factors and weight control and exercise were least abided ones. The result of 2D-ECHO EF showed that the half of the subjects were abnormal, and 24% had more than 240mg/dl of total serum cholesterol. The coronary angiography showed that 64% of the subjects had more than one affected vessels. 3. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'orgasm' were number of health examination, the pre- or post-menopausal state, protestant, number of coronary vessel affected, level of serum total cholesterol, and comorbid group of hypertension and diabetes, and it's total variance accounted for 52.4%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual activity' were comorbid group of hypertension and diabetes and type A behavior pattern, which accounted for 22.4% of total variance. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual satisfaction' were type A behavior pattern, no religion, exercise, level of serum total cholesterol, and pre or post menopausal state, which accounted for 52.1%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual desire' were the period of marriage, type A behavior, employment or unemployment, and weight control, which accounted for 43.2%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'external force of sexual functioning' were physical overload and exercise, which accounted for 41.1%. The predictors to explain the factor score of 'sexual activity' were family monthly income, catholics, and exercise, and which accounted for 35.4%. Above results lead us to some consensus that sexual function of women with coronary artery disease is related to various factors including vasogenic factors such as total serum cholesterol level, number of coronary vessel affected, an endocrinal factor such as menopausal state, and type A behavior pattern as a socio- pshychological factor. And also health behaviors such as fitness care, overwork, weight control, and emotional tension are contributed to sexual function.
E-SUBMISSION
First
Prev
