PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate effects of heated-humidified anesthetic gas on body temperature, acid-base balance, blood cortisol, and lymphocyte in the elderly patients with colorectal cancer during laparoscopic surgery.
METHODS
This study utilized an experimental design with a randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 patients with colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to one of two groups: either to the heated-humidified anesthetic gas group or to the usual anesthetic gas group. The following variables were measured: body temperature, acid-base balance, blood cortisol, and lymphocyte. The data were analyzed with independent t-test, χ2 test, ANCOVA, and repeated ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 20.0.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in body temperature between the experimental group and the control group during laparoscopic surgery (F=41.18, p < .001). However, no statistically significant differences were found in acid-base balance, blood cortisol, and lymphocyte between two groups.
CONCLUSION
In this study, the body temperature during laparoscopic surgery was more effectively maintained with the heated-humidified anesthetic gas compared with the regular anesthetic gas. Therefore, the heated-humidified anesthetic gas might be considered to maintain the body temperature during laparoscopic surgery especially in the elderly population.

Citations

• Living experiences of older patients with cancer amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological study
  Yong Hwan Hyeon, Kyoung Ja Moon
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 54.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study utilized a randomized block-design for the purpose of studying the effect of dialysate temperature on blood pressure (BP), core temperature, and physical symptoms in hemodialysis patients. The sample was thirty-one patients undergoing hemodialysis assigned to one of three groups. were divided into 3 groups.
METHODS
Repeated analysis of variance to number of hypotension occurrences, core temperature changes, and physical symptoms at cool dialysis with dialysate of 35.5℃, standard dialysis with dialysate of 36.5℃ and isothermic dialysis based on blood temperature feedback monitor (BTM). Each of the three groups underwent hemodialysis six times at a specific dialysate temperature.
RESULTS
The number of hypotension events were 21 at cool dialysis, 47 at standard dialysis, and 27 at isothermic dialysis, occurrences under cool dialysis were less frequent than under standard dialysis (F=8.08, p=.002). The patients' core temperature increased by 0.07℃ at cool dialysis, 0.21℃ at standard dialysis, and 0.18℃ at isothermic dialysis, cool dialysis showed a significantly smaller increase in core temperature (F=17.76, p < .001). There was no difference in the incidence of physical symptoms related to dialysate temperatures (F=2.04, p=.146).
CONCLUSION
Cool dialysis resulted in a significant prevention of the increase in core temperature and was more effective than standard dialysis in preventing hypotension. Isothermic dialysis had no positive effects in preventing the increase in core temperature or occurrences of hypotension.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe the degrees of body image, self esteem and Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL), and to identify factors related to these variables in patients with Crohn's disease.
METHODS
A descriptive cross sectional survey design was used. The 148 participants were the patients with Crohn's disease, recruited conveniently from one metropolitan hospital located in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN program.
RESULTS
Patients with severe illness activity reported significantly lower body images than those of the others. Education levels and working states affected self-esteem positively, while the number of operations and illness activity affected self-esteem negatively. Hospitalization and illness activity affected HRQOL negatively. Body image, self esteem, and HRQOL were positively correlated to each other with statistical significance. Illness activity was a common factor to affect body image, self esteem, and HRQOL. Body image was an influential factor on HRQOL as well as illness activity in patients with Crohn's disease.
CONCLUSION
As a result, this study suggested a necessity for developing an intervention study to lower the illness activity and heighten the body image among the patients with Crohn's disease.

Citations

• The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center
  Yaki Yang
  Healthcare.2024; 12(17): 1779.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Pre-Conception Care Program in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Mixed-Methods Study Including a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Young Jin Lee, Hae Won Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Suk-Kyun Yang, Ji-Yeon Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 386.     CrossRef
• Influence of Resilience and Social Support on Body Image of Patients in an Acute Stage Following Traffic Accidents
  Jihye Shin, Jieun Cha
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(2): 156.     CrossRef
• Body image, self-esteem, and quality of life in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease in a tertiary hospital in South Korea
  Da Jeong Kum, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(2): 181.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compared two methods for measuring fluid intake and to assess the most effective method.
METHODS
Data from 44 hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease was analyzed. Two methods were used. The liquid method is to measure the daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage and IV fluid, the liquid-solid method is to measure the daily intake of water which enters by the oral route and IV fluid.
RESULTS
The daily intake of fluid was 1483.10mL and 2245.99mL respectively. The fluid output was 1883.72 mL. The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) between the liquid method and the liquid-solid method and fluid output was 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. The correlation between differences of fluid in two methods and body weight change was r=.47 (p<.001) and r=.56 (p<.001), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that there are no difference between the two measuring methods as to reflecting the most close value to fluid output. And the difference between intake and output by two methods is correlated with body weight change. Therefore, it can be suggested that the either method could be useful as patients' fluid intake measurement.

Citations

• Nurses' Perception and Practice of Fluid Intake and Output Measurement
  Nam-Yi Kang, Sukhee Ahn
  Journal of muscle and joint health.2016; 23(2): 84.     CrossRef
• Effects of Fluid Therapy Education Program for Aged Stroke Patients
  Jee Sun Lim, Hyun Sook Jo
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(3): 277.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among life style, body composition and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in community dwelling Korean adults.
METHODS
Data were collected from 140 adults who participated in a health check-up program at community health departments in D city, Choong-chung providence. Subjects' life style was assessed with a structured interview survey. Body composition analyses were performed by the bioimpedence method and BMD was measured by peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry.
RESULTS
Among the subjects, 39.3% showed normal BMD values, 50.7% were osteopenic and 10% were assessed as osteoporotic. BMD was significantly different by gender, age, education, economic status and BMI. Subjects who had three or more meals/day had higher BMD then who had less than three meals (t=-2.273, p=.026). BMD was not influenced by regular exercise, alcohol consumption, or smoking. In terms of body composition, there was a significant relationship between fat free mass and BMD (r=.172, p=.043).
CONCLUSION
Implementing an osteoporosis prevention program would be warrented considering the significant proportion of osteopenic or osteoporotic subjects. Regular eating habit with three meals for adequate nutrition need to be emphasized to prevent further bone loss in this population. Among the body composition, fat free mass seem to be the mostly predicting factor for BMD.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to discover the essence and the structure of the experiences of weight control by nursing students.
METHODS
Participants were 12 nursing students who had tried losing weight at C university in Busan, Korea. The data were collected from June 17 to August 6, 2006. For the purpose of this study, focus group discussions and in depth interviews were employed.
RESULTS
The collected data were analyzed by using Giorgi's method. As the results of the analysis, the following four components of experience were derived: My appearance looked abnorml; Measures for self-realization; Pursuit of my own way only; Feelings of accomplishment and self confidence.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to develop an effective weight control program with minimized side effects that are harmful to health, based on the components of the nursing students' experiences in weight control that were identified in this study.

PURPOSE
To examine the effects of power walking exercise on fatigue and overweight in college students with Taeumin constitution. METHODS: According to results of the constitution diagnosis (QSCC II), 58 students who were identified as Taeumin, whose BMI was over 23 were assigned to one of three groups. The power walking group walked fast at a speed of 7,000 steps per hour using a pedometer, and the walking group walked at a speed of 5,000 steps per hour. There was no treatment with control group. Each group's fatigue level, blood lipids and body composition before and after the experiment were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Total fatigue and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the walking group and the control group. Weight decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the control group, and percentage of body fat decreased significantly in both the power walking group and the walking group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: When power walking exercise was used with overweight Taeumin students, fatigue, blood lipid, weight and percentage of body fat decreased significantly.

PURPOSE
This study compared the effects of forced air warming and radiant heating on body temperature and shivering of patients with postoperative hypothermia.
METHODS
The quasi-experimental study was conducted with two experimental groups who had surgery under general anesthesia; 20 patients of group 1 experimented with the Bair Hugger as a forced air warming and 20 patients of group 2 experimented with the Radiant heater. The study was performed from July 3 to August 31, 2006 in a recovery room of an university hospital in a city. The effects of the experiment were measured by postoperative body temperature and chilling score at arrival and after every 10 minutes. The data were analyzed by t-test or chi-square-test, repeated measures ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN 12.0.
RESULTS
The mean body temperature showed differences between the Bair Hugger group and Radiant Heater group at 40 minutes(F=-2.579, p=.034), 50minutes(F=-2.752, p=.027), and 60 minutes(F=-2.470, p=.047) after arrival to the recovery room. So, hypothesis 1 was partially accepted. The mean score of shivering showed differences between the Bair Hugger group and the Radiant Heater group, but it had no significant meaning. Hypothesis 2 was not accepted.
CONCLUSION
We need more study to explore the effects and side effects of heating modalities to select a more effective heat treatment. The efficiency of heat modalities with regards to cost benefit, time consumption, and patients' discomfort such as burns should be considered.

PURPOSE
The purpose of present study was to discover the experience of the body of aged women, having had disease. Thus, the researcher tried to explore the perception of the informants and the context in which this perception emerged.
METHODS
9 aged women who had disease or trauma were recruited by snow balling and theoretical sampling methods. The iterative data collection and analyzing process proceeded between September, 1999 and January, 2005. Questions posed to the informants included: "What major change in your body comes from the disease?" "How did you feel about yourself after having had disease?". Data from interviews and participant observation was taken as text. The text was analyzed using the ongoing process of qualitative content analysing method and taxonomy of Spradley.
RESULTS
Disease gives aged women a chance to reinforce the meaning of their body: the body as the most low valued component of a human, the body as a wholistic field of interacting each component of human and with natural environment and cosmos, and the body as a source of group identity. These meanings were constructed in their life world by the rules of hierarchy, reciprocity, and group cohesiveness.
CONCLUSIONS
The human body is constructed as a cultural being by a social process. Nursing is concerned with the biological body and the social body. The results of this study can serve to help understand the socialization of the body and to construct a somology of nursing.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight control program on body composition(body mass index and waist-hip ratio), blood pressure, serum lipids(total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein) and self-regulation behavior in obese college women.
METHODS
Forty seven obese subjects were divided into experimental(22) and control(25) groups. The weight control program lasting 12 weeks consisted of a traffic-light diet, jumping-rope exercises, and behavior modification methods with e-mail counseling. The data were collected from 29 March to 17 September of 2004. The variables were assessed before and after intervention for 12 weeks in two groups. Then, those were repeated after a 12 week suspension of intervention in the experimental group. The data were analysed by the SPSS computer program.
RESULTS
BMI, HDL, LDL and self-regulation behavior levels showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups. While there were no significant differences in waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride.
CONCLUSION
The weight control program had a positive effect on obese college women, and can be used to control obesity.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intervention, including dumbbell(weight lifting), walking, and yoga, on the body composition, physiologic factors, body image, and perceived health in the community-dwelling women.
METHOD
This study utilized pretest-posttest design with three types of exercise interventions. The types of exercise intervention included dumbbell, walking, and yoga.
RESULTS
A total of 136 subjects were included: 49 for dumbbell, 67 for walking, and 20 for yoga. As measures of body composition, BMI, body weight, and body fat rate were significantly improved only after dumbbell intervention(p<.01). Systolic blood pressures were significantly decreased in the groups of dumbbell and walking. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly declined only in the walking group. Vital capacities and body image were improved in all groups(p<.01). However, total cholesterol levels were not improved in all groups(p>.05) and none of the measures for perceived health state were not significantly changed in all groups(p>.05).
CONCLUSION
From the findings of this study, it was demonstrated that the effects of exercise interventions were differentiated by their types and variables to be affected. Therefore, future studies that apply the tailored exercise intervention to each age-categorical group are needed.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to understand the meaning of mind control as it is understood by elderly persons in Korea.
METHOD
This study was conducted by engaging three elderly persons who are over the age of sixty five and presently residing in Seoul. Several in depth interviews were conducted with these individuals from March 2003 until November 2003. The contents of the interviews were analyzed using the Giorgi Method (1985), which places the emphasis on discovering meaning within the phenomenological context of an individual's experience.
RESULTS
The analysis of the contents revealed the following four components with regard to the meaning of mind control for elderly persons (1) Settling the mind (2) Gradual lowering of expectations and hope for the success of offspring, (3) Having good thoughts and acting accordingly, and (4) Making up one's mind to follow the 'natural flow of life'.
CONCLUSION
By allowing a wider and deeper understanding of the meaning of mind control for elderly persons the results of this study provide a basis for improving the care of elderly with a holistic perspective.

PURPOSE
To examine the effects of the aerobic exercise program on changing the body composition, blood lipids and self-esteem of the obese elderly women. METHOD: A total of 26 obese elderly women(%body fat: over 30%) have been selected for this research[Experimental Group(EG):13, Control Group(CG):13). Walking at a 50% intensity was administered 4 days a week for 14 weeks. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULT: The level of % body fat, TC, LDL-C, and %TC/HDL-C in EG was significantly lower than those of the CG after 14 weeks. In addition, the level of HDL-C and self-esteem in EG was significantly higher than those of the CG after 14 weeks. However, TG, body weight between groups didn't appear significant at the end of 14 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the aerobic exercise program was effective in changing body composition, blood lipids and self-esteem of the obese elderly women.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among body image, depression and sexual function in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: Subjects were 96 postmenopausal women who have lived in Korea. Data was collected using Semantic Differential scale, CES-D, and FSFI. RESULTS: The level of body image was positive, depression was mild, and sexual function was moderate. There were no significant correlation between depression and sexual function. The subjects who had more positive body image experienced higher sexual function and less depressed mood. CONCLUSION: These findings showed the need for a knowledge development program for nurses regarding women's sexual function. Also, nurses must do counseling with sexual partner's and consider patients' body image when counseling those who complain of sexual dysfunction

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. METHOD: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. RESULT: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was 197+/-36.4mg/dl(mean; 189.4+/-36.7, women; 202.1 +/-35.1). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(chi2 =12.12, p=.016), exercise(chi2=6.335, p=.042), salty taste(chi2=18.801, p=016), vegetable diet(chi2=19.488, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(beta=.151, p=.000). CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study were to: (1) describe the individual characteristics, perceived health status, body image, and health promoting behaviors of staff nurses working in a metropolitan hospital and (2) determine the relationship of perceived health status, body image, and health promoting behaviors. METHODS: Data were collected from 311 staff nurses working at one of university affiliated hospitals using a self-administered questionnaire for perceived health status(SF 36 V2), body image(BAQ), and health promoting behaviors (HPLP-II) and using the report of year 2002 employee physical check-up results for health related characteristics. RESULTS: Most of nurses were within the normal range of BMI, total cholesterol, and liver enzymes but 42.2% had systolic BP above 120mmHg and 37.3% hemoglobin below 12g/dL. Although 96.4% of BMI score indicated 'underweight' or 'normal', 'feeling fat' showed the highest. Among health promoting behaviors the most frequently reported one was spiritual growth and the least one was engagement in physical activity. In the correlational analysis, health promoting behaviors had the positive relationships with perceived health status, vitality, mental health, attractiveness, strength and fitness (p=.000 - .004). CONCLUSION: These findings provide information that is relevant in designing interventions to enhance health promoting behaviors among nurses working in a hospital.

PURPOSE
the purposes of this study were: to contribute to maintaining and promoting health for female college students by identifying their body weight control behaviors and the Affecting factors; and, to serve as a basis for the development of weight control programs to orient their weight management to a desirable direction specifically for those who have low or normal body weight but still practice body weight control in a way that is neither useful nor desirable. METHOD: The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The main predictive factors affecting body weight control was 'between - meal snack', 'family support', 'satisfaction with their diet', 'possession of secret method for weight loss', 'body image', 'satisfaction with university life', and 'interest in weight control'. CONCLUSION: It may be necessary to develope educational programs on weight control for female collegians in consideration of affecting body weight control behavior.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to analyze the correlation on body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy of Female Students in College.
METHOD
The research population included convenience sample of 696 subjects composed of Female Students in College. Data collection was done from July, 2002 to October, 2002 using a written inquiry. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.
RESULT
The results of this study were as follows: 1. The relationship among body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy were found to have statistically significant positive correlations. 2. The difference of body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy according to the characteristics in subjects were found to have statistically significancy of grade, age, personality and degree of adaptation. The difference of body image according to the monthly income of the family was found to be statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
There is a significant correlation between grade, age, personality, and monthly income. Further study needs to be done to validate this study and develop degrees of adaptation to improve body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy.

PURPOSE
This descriptive study was designed to investigate Body Mass Index(BMI), weight control behavior, and self-esteem in high school adolescents.
METHOD
The convenience sample consisted of 129 high school females and 106 high school males. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from November to December, 1999. BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height to identify objective obesity. Self evaluation about subjective obesity was measured by a single item question. Preferred BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height which the subjects desired. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was utilized to measure the level of self-esteem.
RESULTS
Results of the study revealed that high school females perceived themselves as more more obese than their the actual BMI, excessively participated in dieting behavior and exercises, and reported lower self-esteem than that of males.
CONCLUSION
Based on this study, health care providers need to educate female adolescents about healthy behavior as well as the normal weight range in BMI.

This study was done to determine the correlation between body image and depression among women with urinary incontinence. The ultimate goal was to contribute to the planning of nursing intervention towark the establishment of a positive body image and the prevention of depression in women with urinary incontinence. The data were collected from Jan. 10 to May. 30, 1998 from 98 adult women, who lived in Cheonan City, Korea. The insturments were Hendrickson's Stress Incontinence Scale, physical self-image items out of Fitts' Tennessee self concept Scale, Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale, and Zung's self-rating Depression Scale. The data were analyzed using the SAS computerized program and include percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are summarized as follows, 1. It was reported that 61.2% of the subjects experienced urinary incontinence. The level of body image perceived by urinary incontinent women had a mean of 58.56(SD=7.02) ; women with urinary incontinence showed mild depression. 2. The level of depression and body image was not significantly different between the incontinent or continent. There were significant differences in depression levels according to the severity of urinary incontinence of the subjects. 3. Severity of urinary incontinence and body image was negatively correlated (r=-0.300, p<0.01) ; correlation between depression and body image was negative (r=-0.578, p<0.01). 4. There are significant differences in body image according to use of medication, itching, and sensitivity of the vagina. 5. There are significant differences in depression with discharges from the vagina, itching, and sensitivity of the vagina. In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved mildly depressive, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention for the urinary incontinent with the goal of helping clients establish a positive body image and prevent depression.