Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

Jiyeon Hong; Jihyun Kim; Oksoo Kim

doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.139

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Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

Jiyeon Hong¹, Jihyun Kim², Oksoo Kim³

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(2):139-148.
Published online: April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.139

¹Department of Nursing, Howon University, Gunsan

²Department of Nursing, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan

³Division of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Oksoo Division of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3277-3703, Fax: +82-2-3277-2850, E-mail: ohong@ewha.ac.kr

• Received: July 30, 2013 • Accepted: April 4, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was aimed to investigate the factors influencing problem drinking of male drinkers above 19 years old according to the life cycle.
Methods
The study subjects consisted of a representative community sample of 2,229 male drinkers aged 19 and older from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Rao-Scott x²-test, simple and multiple logistic regressions.
Results
The problem drinking rates were 38.7% in adolescence, 44.5% in middle age, and 23.9% in senescence. In adolescence, the predictors of problem drinking included occupation, stress recognition, and smoking. In middle age, the predictors of problem drinking were education level, depression, and smoking. In senescence, the predictors of problem drinking were not identified in this study.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggested that the factors influencing problem drinking of male drinkers were different according to life cycle. Thus different intervention methods should be developed for each age group in order to intervene the problem drinking.
Key Words: Male; Alcohol drinking; Life cycle stages

Table 1.

Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)
Drinking patterns	Normal drinking	1,375 (61.7)
Drinking patterns	Problem drinking	854 (38.3)
Life cycle (age)	Adolescence (19~39)	696 (31.2)
	Middle age (40~64)	1,060 (47.6)
	Senescence (≥65)	473 (21.2)
Education level (n=2,221)	≤Middle school	600 (27.0)
	High school	820 (36.9)
	≥College	801 (36.1)
Having a spouse (n=2,227)	Yes	1,761 (79.1)
Having a spouse (n=2,227)	No	466 (20.9)
Occupation (n=2,218)	Administrator, specialist	382 (17.2)
	Office worker	232 (10.5)
	Service, sales business	253 (11.4)
	Agriculture, fishery	228 (10.3)
	Technician, mechanic	432 (19.5)
	Manual labor	175 (7.9)
	Unemployed (student etc.)	516 (23.3)
Perceived health status (n=2,221)	Very good	124 (5.6)
	Good	709 (31.8)
	Fair	1,067 (47.9)
	Poor	268 (12.0)
	Very poor	53 (2.4)
Stress recognition (n=2,228)	High	547 (24.6)
Stress recognition (n=2,228)	Low	1,681 (75.4)
Depression (n=2,228)	Have experienced more than 2 weeks	216 (9.7)
Depression (n=2,228)	Have experienced less than 2 weeks	2,012 (90.3)
Smoking status (n=2,226)	Smoker (often)	912 (40.9)
	Smoker (sometimes)	64 (2.9)
	Ex-smoker	897 (40.2)
	Non-smoker	353 (15.8)

Table 2.

Differences in Drinking Patterns according to the Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

Variables	Categories	Adolescence			Middle age			Senescence
		Normal (n=427)	Problem (n=269)	x² (p)	Normal (n=588)	Problem (n=472)	x² (p)	Normal (n=360)	Problem (n=113)	x² (p)
		n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)	n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)	n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)
Education level	≤Middle school	6 (1.8)	8 (4.5)	2.48	161 (26.0)	148 (32.2)	5.45	218 (66.7)	59 (57.6)	1.30
	High school	205 (54.1)	109 (46.5)	(.087)	199 (37.0)	178 (41.2)	(.005)	87 (19.6)	42 (31.7)	(.270)
	≥College	215 (44.1)	150 (48.9)		225 (36.9)	144 (26.6)		55 (13.7)	12 (10.7)
Having a spouse	Yes	20 (38.0)	156 (49.6)	7.83	549 (90.6)	425 (86.6)	1.80	327 (89.7)	104 (93.1)	0.86
Having a spouse	No	227 (62.0)	113 (50.4)	(.006)	39 (9.4)	45 (13.4)	(.181)	33 (10.3)	9 (6.9)	(.356)
Occupation	Administrator, specialist	95 (20.0)	64 (20.4)	5.50	126 (19.6)	80 (16.3)	1.04	14 (3.0)	3 (3.9)	0.15
	Office worker, service, sales business	117 (24.4)	104 (39.7)	(＜.001)	124 (22.9)	120 (24.8)	(.386)	14 (3.5)	6 (3.9)	(.945)
	Agriculture, fishery	5 (1.1)	1 (0.3)		66 (11.0)	59 (12.8)		69 (18.8)	28 (19.7)
	Technician, mechanic, manual labor	105 (26.4)	58 (24.2)		193 (34.1)	160 (36.8)		70 (20.5)	21 (23.0)
	Unemployed (student etc.)	103 (28.1)	39 (15.4)		75 (12.5)	51 (9.3)		193 (54.2)	55 (49.4)
Perceived health status	Very good	34 (9.3)	12 (4.0)	4.85	30 (5.6)	19 (2.7)	2.22	23 (9.2)	6 (6.7)	0.31
	Good	171 (40.9)	79 (26.9)	(.001)	198 (32.2)	137 (29.3)	(.073)	94 (24.1)	30 (25.9)	(.864)
	Fair	187 (41.4)	149 (57.2)		277 (50.1)	248 (53.4)		155 (42.8)	51 (47.0)
	Poor	34 (8.4)	26 (11.2)		68 (10.3)	61 (13.7)		59 (16.0)	20 (14.5)
	Very poor	0 (0.0)	1 (0.7)		12 (1.8)	5 (0.9)		29 (8.0)	6 (5.8)
Stress recognition	High	115 (25.7)	106 (41.7)	13.38	134 (21.9)	126 (26.3)	1.86	47 (12.9)	19 (15.3)	0.43
Stress recognition	Low	312 (74.3)	163 (58.3)	(＜.001)	454 (78.1)	346 (73.7)	(.174)	312 (87.1)	94 (84.7)	(.513)
Depression	Have experienced more than 2 weeks	30 (7.6)	33 (14.7)	5.94	46 (8.1)	59 (12.7)	4.31	35 (10.1)	13 (9.7)	0.02
Depression	Have experienced less than 2 weeks	397 (92.4)	236 (85.3)	(.016)	542 (91.9)	413 (87.3)	(.039)	324 (89.9)	100 (90.3)	(.902)
Smoking status	Smoker (often)	178 (44.3)	170 (67.8)	14.44	202 (38.3)	237 (53.5)	4.94	89 (26.1)	36 (33.4)	0.68
	Smoker (sometimes)	20 (3.9)	10 (3.8)	(＜.001)	16 (2.3)	11 (2.1)	(.002)	6 (1.7)	1 (0.7)	(.555)
	Ex-smoker	86 (17.8)	55 (18.4)		291 (46.1)	179 (35.2)		224 (60.2)	62 (55.2)
	Non-smoker	143 (34.0)	32 (10.0)		79 (13.2)	45 (9.1)		40 (12.0)	14 (10.7)

Table 3.

Effects of Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics on Problem Drinking (N=2,229)

Variables	Categories	Problem drinking
		Adolescence (n=696)		Middle Age (n=1060)		Senescence (n=473)
		OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Education level	≤Middle school	1.67 (0.48~5.79)	.514	1.74 (1.12~2.71)	.028	1.17 (0.33~4.23)	.101
	High school	0.89 (0.57~1.38)		1.53 (1.06~2.19)		2.19 (0.55~8.63)
	≥College	1.00		1.00		1.00
Having a spouse	Yes	1.19 (0.79~1.79)	.404	0.78 (0.42~1.45)	.429	1.22 (0.47~3.20)	.684
Having a spouse	No	1.00	.404	1.00	.429	1.00	.684
Occupation	Administrator, specialist	1.17 (0.56~2.44)	.040	1.60 (0.88~2.89)	.336	1.91 (0.60~6.08)	.872
	Office worker, service, sales business	2.06 (1.10~3.86)		1.86 (1.05~3.28)		1.14 (0.33~3.93)
	Agriculture, fishery	0.45 (0.05~4.83)		1.63 (0.83~3.17)		1.13 (0.60~2.14)
	Technician, mechanic, manual labor	1.07 (0.57~2.01)		1.53 (0.87~2.66)		1.19 (0.59~2.42)
	Unemployed (student etc.)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Perceived health status	Very poor	1.55 (0.74~3.24)	.212	0.59 (0.14~2.44)	.206	0.92 (0.21~4.09)	.936
	Poor	1.50 (0.94~2.40)		2.18 (0.92~5.17)		1.16 (0.34~3.95)
	Fair	1.00		1.80 (0.86~3.80)		1.33 (0.44~3.99)
	Good			1.74 (0.75~4.03)		1.44 (0.43~4.77)
	Very good			1.00		1.00
Stress recognition	High	1.56 (1.03~2.36)	.037	1.03 (0.71~1.50)	.858	1.28 (0.66~2.47)	.457
Stress recognition	Low	1.00	.037	1.00	.858	1.00	.457
Depression	Have experienced more than 2 weeks	1.95 (0.98~3.87)	.056	1.78 (1.04~3.07)	.036	0.91 (0.40~2.05)	.818
Depression	Have experienced less than 2 weeks	1.00	.056	1.00	.036	1.00	.818
Smoking status	Smoker (often)	4.04 (2.32~7.06)	＜.001	1.75 (1.08~2.85)	.014	1.57 (0.66~3.77)	.570
	Smoker (sometimes)	2.90 (1.08~7.80)		1.27 (0.37~4.29)		0.57 (0.04~7.54)
	Ex-smoker	3.12 (1.63~6.00)		1.05 (0.61~1.80)		1.14 (0.50~2.62)
	Non-smoker	1.00		1.00		1.00

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Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(2):139-148. Published online April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.139

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Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(2):139-148. Published online April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.139

Factors Influencing Problem Drinking of Male Drinkers according to Life Cycle

Table 1.

Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)
Drinking patterns	Normal drinking	1,375 (61.7)
Drinking patterns	Problem drinking	854 (38.3)
Life cycle (age)	Adolescence (19~39)	696 (31.2)
	Middle age (40~64)	1,060 (47.6)
	Senescence (≥65)	473 (21.2)
Education level (n=2,221)	≤Middle school	600 (27.0)
	High school	820 (36.9)
	≥College	801 (36.1)
Having a spouse (n=2,227)	Yes	1,761 (79.1)
Having a spouse (n=2,227)	No	466 (20.9)
Occupation (n=2,218)	Administrator, specialist	382 (17.2)
	Office worker	232 (10.5)
	Service, sales business	253 (11.4)
	Agriculture, fishery	228 (10.3)
	Technician, mechanic	432 (19.5)
	Manual labor	175 (7.9)
	Unemployed (student etc.)	516 (23.3)
Perceived health status (n=2,221)	Very good	124 (5.6)
	Good	709 (31.8)
	Fair	1,067 (47.9)
	Poor	268 (12.0)
	Very poor	53 (2.4)
Stress recognition (n=2,228)	High	547 (24.6)
Stress recognition (n=2,228)	Low	1,681 (75.4)
Depression (n=2,228)	Have experienced more than 2 weeks	216 (9.7)
Depression (n=2,228)	Have experienced less than 2 weeks	2,012 (90.3)
Smoking status (n=2,226)	Smoker (often)	912 (40.9)
	Smoker (sometimes)	64 (2.9)
	Ex-smoker	897 (40.2)
	Non-smoker	353 (15.8)

Table 2.

Differences in Drinking Patterns according to the Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

Variables	Categories	Adolescence			Middle age			Senescence
		Normal (n=427)	Problem (n=269)	x² (p)	Normal (n=588)	Problem (n=472)	x² (p)	Normal (n=360)	Problem (n=113)	x² (p)
		n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)	n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)	n (%)	n (%)	x² (p)
Education level	≤Middle school	6 (1.8)	8 (4.5)	2.48	161 (26.0)	148 (32.2)	5.45	218 (66.7)	59 (57.6)	1.30
	High school	205 (54.1)	109 (46.5)	(.087)	199 (37.0)	178 (41.2)	(.005)	87 (19.6)	42 (31.7)	(.270)
	≥College	215 (44.1)	150 (48.9)		225 (36.9)	144 (26.6)		55 (13.7)	12 (10.7)
Having a spouse	Yes	20 (38.0)	156 (49.6)	7.83	549 (90.6)	425 (86.6)	1.80	327 (89.7)	104 (93.1)	0.86
Having a spouse	No	227 (62.0)	113 (50.4)	(.006)	39 (9.4)	45 (13.4)	(.181)	33 (10.3)	9 (6.9)	(.356)
Occupation	Administrator, specialist	95 (20.0)	64 (20.4)	5.50	126 (19.6)	80 (16.3)	1.04	14 (3.0)	3 (3.9)	0.15
	Office worker, service, sales business	117 (24.4)	104 (39.7)	(＜.001)	124 (22.9)	120 (24.8)	(.386)	14 (3.5)	6 (3.9)	(.945)
	Agriculture, fishery	5 (1.1)	1 (0.3)		66 (11.0)	59 (12.8)		69 (18.8)	28 (19.7)
	Technician, mechanic, manual labor	105 (26.4)	58 (24.2)		193 (34.1)	160 (36.8)		70 (20.5)	21 (23.0)
	Unemployed (student etc.)	103 (28.1)	39 (15.4)		75 (12.5)	51 (9.3)		193 (54.2)	55 (49.4)
Perceived health status	Very good	34 (9.3)	12 (4.0)	4.85	30 (5.6)	19 (2.7)	2.22	23 (9.2)	6 (6.7)	0.31
	Good	171 (40.9)	79 (26.9)	(.001)	198 (32.2)	137 (29.3)	(.073)	94 (24.1)	30 (25.9)	(.864)
	Fair	187 (41.4)	149 (57.2)		277 (50.1)	248 (53.4)		155 (42.8)	51 (47.0)
	Poor	34 (8.4)	26 (11.2)		68 (10.3)	61 (13.7)		59 (16.0)	20 (14.5)
	Very poor	0 (0.0)	1 (0.7)		12 (1.8)	5 (0.9)		29 (8.0)	6 (5.8)
Stress recognition	High	115 (25.7)	106 (41.7)	13.38	134 (21.9)	126 (26.3)	1.86	47 (12.9)	19 (15.3)	0.43
Stress recognition	Low	312 (74.3)	163 (58.3)	(＜.001)	454 (78.1)	346 (73.7)	(.174)	312 (87.1)	94 (84.7)	(.513)
Depression	Have experienced more than 2 weeks	30 (7.6)	33 (14.7)	5.94	46 (8.1)	59 (12.7)	4.31	35 (10.1)	13 (9.7)	0.02
Depression	Have experienced less than 2 weeks	397 (92.4)	236 (85.3)	(.016)	542 (91.9)	413 (87.3)	(.039)	324 (89.9)	100 (90.3)	(.902)
Smoking status	Smoker (often)	178 (44.3)	170 (67.8)	14.44	202 (38.3)	237 (53.5)	4.94	89 (26.1)	36 (33.4)	0.68
	Smoker (sometimes)	20 (3.9)	10 (3.8)	(＜.001)	16 (2.3)	11 (2.1)	(.002)	6 (1.7)	1 (0.7)	(.555)
	Ex-smoker	86 (17.8)	55 (18.4)		291 (46.1)	179 (35.2)		224 (60.2)	62 (55.2)
	Non-smoker	143 (34.0)	32 (10.0)		79 (13.2)	45 (9.1)		40 (12.0)	14 (10.7)

Table 3.

Effects of Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics on Problem Drinking (N=2,229)

Variables	Categories	Problem drinking
		Adolescence (n=696)		Middle Age (n=1060)		Senescence (n=473)
		OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Education level	≤Middle school	1.67 (0.48~5.79)	.514	1.74 (1.12~2.71)	.028	1.17 (0.33~4.23)	.101
	High school	0.89 (0.57~1.38)		1.53 (1.06~2.19)		2.19 (0.55~8.63)
	≥College	1.00		1.00		1.00
Having a spouse	Yes	1.19 (0.79~1.79)	.404	0.78 (0.42~1.45)	.429	1.22 (0.47~3.20)	.684
Having a spouse	No	1.00	.404	1.00	.429	1.00	.684
Occupation	Administrator, specialist	1.17 (0.56~2.44)	.040	1.60 (0.88~2.89)	.336	1.91 (0.60~6.08)	.872
	Office worker, service, sales business	2.06 (1.10~3.86)		1.86 (1.05~3.28)		1.14 (0.33~3.93)
	Agriculture, fishery	0.45 (0.05~4.83)		1.63 (0.83~3.17)		1.13 (0.60~2.14)
	Technician, mechanic, manual labor	1.07 (0.57~2.01)		1.53 (0.87~2.66)		1.19 (0.59~2.42)
	Unemployed (student etc.)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Perceived health status	Very poor	1.55 (0.74~3.24)	.212	0.59 (0.14~2.44)	.206	0.92 (0.21~4.09)	.936
	Poor	1.50 (0.94~2.40)		2.18 (0.92~5.17)		1.16 (0.34~3.95)
	Fair	1.00		1.80 (0.86~3.80)		1.33 (0.44~3.99)
	Good			1.74 (0.75~4.03)		1.44 (0.43~4.77)
	Very good			1.00		1.00
Stress recognition	High	1.56 (1.03~2.36)	.037	1.03 (0.71~1.50)	.858	1.28 (0.66~2.47)	.457
Stress recognition	Low	1.00	.037	1.00	.858	1.00	.457
Depression	Have experienced more than 2 weeks	1.95 (0.98~3.87)	.056	1.78 (1.04~3.07)	.036	0.91 (0.40~2.05)	.818
Depression	Have experienced less than 2 weeks	1.00	.056	1.00	.036	1.00	.818
Smoking status	Smoker (often)	4.04 (2.32~7.06)	＜.001	1.75 (1.08~2.85)	.014	1.57 (0.66~3.77)	.570
	Smoker (sometimes)	2.90 (1.08~7.80)		1.27 (0.37~4.29)		0.57 (0.04~7.54)
	Ex-smoker	3.12 (1.63~6.00)		1.05 (0.61~1.80)		1.14 (0.50~2.62)
	Non-smoker	1.00		1.00		1.00

Table 1. Drinking Patterns, Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

Table 2. Differences in Drinking Patterns according to the Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics (N=2,229)

Table 3. Effects of Sociodemographic and Health-related Characteristics on Problem Drinking (N=2,229)

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