Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV

Young Mi Park; Gisoo Shin; Jiyoung Kim

doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.234

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Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV

Young Mi Park¹, Gisoo Shin², Jiyoung Kim³

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(2):234-243.
Published online: April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.234

¹Department of Nursing, Ansan University, Ansan

²Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul

³College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Jiyoung College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2401, Fax: +82-63-270-3127, E-mail: kimjjy@jbnu.ac.kr

• Received: January 23, 2014 • Accepted: March 25, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the health-promoting behaviors of the people living with HIV.
Methods
Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study participants included 99 people living with HIV recruited via the Korea HIV/AIDS Network of Solidarity from May 15 to August 15, 2012. Self-report questionnaires were used fo data collection measuring perceived stress, depression, self-efficacy, health-promoting behaviors (HPLP-II), and the perceived health status. The analysis was done using SPSS/Win 18.0 program. Descriptive statistics, pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regressions were used for data analysis.
Results
Perceived stress (r=-.21, p=.040), depression (r=-.37, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.42, p<.001), perceived health status (r=.29, p=.003), and health-promoting behaviors were significantly correlated with each other. The self-efficacy, religion and perceived health status were significant factors, which explained about 26% of the variance of the health-promoting behaviors. Multiple regression analysis showed that a powerful predictor of health-promoting behaviors among people living with HIV was self-efficacy.
Conclusion
This study suggested that a focus of nursing intervention program on self-efficacy is necessary in order to increase health-promoting behaviors among people living with HIV.
Key Words: HIV; Health promotion; Stress; Depression; Self-efficacy

Table 1.

Differences of Health-Promoting Behaviors according to General Characteristics (N=99)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	Health-promoting behaviors	t or F (p)	Post-Hoc (Scheffé test)
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	Post-Hoc (Scheffé test)
Age (year)	20~29	18 (18.2)	2.44±0.49	0.64 (.589)
	30~39	27 (27.3)	2.29±0.41
	40~49	33 (33.3)	2.31±0.56
	50~	21 (21.2)	2.43±0.44
Gender	Male	95 (96.0)	2.36±0.48	0.95 (.410)
Gender	Female	4 (4.0)	2.12±0.52	0.95 (.410)
Marital status	Single	82 (82.8)	2.36±0.48	0.15 (.863)
	Married	9 (9.1)	2.27±0.48
	Others	8 (8.1)	2.38±0.51
Religion	Yes	69 (69.7)	2.42±0.46	-2.18 (.031)
Religion	No	30 (30.3)	2.20±0.50	-2.18 (.031)
Occupation	None	14 (14.1)	2.23±0.45	1.02 (.388)
	Office worker	28 (28.3)	2.47±0.48
	Service industry	48 (48.5)	2.32±0.49
	Student	9 (9.1)	2.39±0.48
Current occupation	None	44 (44.4)	2.25±0.51	1.55 (.208)
	Office worker	15 (15.2)	2.45±0.51
	Service industry	37 (37.4)	2.41±0.44
	Student	3 (3.0)	2.69±0.23
Cohabitant	None	60 (60.6)	2.36±0.47	0.08 (.971)
	Family	26 (26.3)	2.35±0.51
	Friend	10 (10.1)	2.39±0.53
	Spouse	3 (3.0)	2.23±0.56
Education	≤Middle school^a	23 (23.2)	2.19±0.41	5.02 (.008)	a＜b, c
	High school^b	39 (39.4)	2.24±0.47
	≥College^c	37 (37.4)	2.52±0.48
Monthly income (10,000 won)	＜100	66 (66.7)	2.31±0.48	1.50 (.228)
	100~＜200	25 (25.3)	2.38±0.50
	≥200	8 (8.1)	2.62±0.43
Elapsed time after diagnosis (year)	＜5	36 (36.4)	2.43±0.53	0.53 (.713)
	5~＜10	40 (40.4)	2.33±0.44
	10~＜15	13 (13.1)	2.28±0.56
	15~＜20	7 (7.1)	2.19±0.36
	≥20	3 (3.0)	2.47±0.38
Taking medication	Yes	90 (90.9)	2.35±0.46	-0.31 (.759)
Taking medication	No	9 (9.1)	2.40±0.72	-0.31 (.759)

Table 2.

Levels of Health-Promoting Behaviors and Related Variables (N=99)

Variables	Min	Max	M±SD
Perceived stress	1.73	4.86	3.41±0.75
Depression	0.00	2.85	1.06±0.69
Self-efficacy	1.00	5.00	3.33±0.82
Perceived health status	0.00	10.00	6.73±2.04
Health-promoting behaviors	1.56	3.62	2.35±0.48
Health responsibility	1.13	3.88	2.39±0.64
Physical activity	1.00	4.00	2.22±0.75
Nutrition	1.11	3.78	2.19±0.62
Spiritual growth	1.22	3.89	2.47±0.61
Interpersonal relations	1.38	3.88	2.54±0.60
Stress management	1.13	3.63	2.33±0.50

Table 3.

Correlations of related Variables with Health-Promoting Behaviors (N=99)

Variables	Perceived stress	Depression	Self-efficacy	Perceived health status H	Health promoting behaviors
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Perceived stress	1
Depression	.56 (＜.001)	1
Self-efficacy	-.29 (.004)	-.48 (＜.001)	1
Perceived health status	-.27 (.008)	-.39 (＜.001)	.18 (.069)	1
Health-promoting behaviors	-.21 (.040)	-.37 (＜.001)	.42 (＜.001)	.29 (.003)	1

Table 4.

Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors (N=99)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	1.08	.22		4.96	＜.001
Self-efficacy	0.24	.05	.40	4.52	＜.001	.96	1.05
Religion	0.25	.09	.24	2.71	.008	.98	1.02
Perceived health status	0.05	.02	.20	2.28	.025	.96	1.04
R²=.28, Adj. R²=.26, F=12.28, p＜.001

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Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(2):234-243. Published online April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.234

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Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(2):234-243. Published online April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.2.234

Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV

Table 1.

Differences of Health-Promoting Behaviors according to General Characteristics (N=99)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	Health-promoting behaviors	t or F (p)	Post-Hoc (Scheffé test)
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	Post-Hoc (Scheffé test)
Age (year)	20~29	18 (18.2)	2.44±0.49	0.64 (.589)
	30~39	27 (27.3)	2.29±0.41
	40~49	33 (33.3)	2.31±0.56
	50~	21 (21.2)	2.43±0.44
Gender	Male	95 (96.0)	2.36±0.48	0.95 (.410)
Gender	Female	4 (4.0)	2.12±0.52	0.95 (.410)
Marital status	Single	82 (82.8)	2.36±0.48	0.15 (.863)
	Married	9 (9.1)	2.27±0.48
	Others	8 (8.1)	2.38±0.51
Religion	Yes	69 (69.7)	2.42±0.46	-2.18 (.031)
Religion	No	30 (30.3)	2.20±0.50	-2.18 (.031)
Occupation	None	14 (14.1)	2.23±0.45	1.02 (.388)
	Office worker	28 (28.3)	2.47±0.48
	Service industry	48 (48.5)	2.32±0.49
	Student	9 (9.1)	2.39±0.48
Current occupation	None	44 (44.4)	2.25±0.51	1.55 (.208)
	Office worker	15 (15.2)	2.45±0.51
	Service industry	37 (37.4)	2.41±0.44
	Student	3 (3.0)	2.69±0.23
Cohabitant	None	60 (60.6)	2.36±0.47	0.08 (.971)
	Family	26 (26.3)	2.35±0.51
	Friend	10 (10.1)	2.39±0.53
	Spouse	3 (3.0)	2.23±0.56
Education	≤Middle school^a	23 (23.2)	2.19±0.41	5.02 (.008)	a＜b, c
	High school^b	39 (39.4)	2.24±0.47
	≥College^c	37 (37.4)	2.52±0.48
Monthly income (10,000 won)	＜100	66 (66.7)	2.31±0.48	1.50 (.228)
	100~＜200	25 (25.3)	2.38±0.50
	≥200	8 (8.1)	2.62±0.43
Elapsed time after diagnosis (year)	＜5	36 (36.4)	2.43±0.53	0.53 (.713)
	5~＜10	40 (40.4)	2.33±0.44
	10~＜15	13 (13.1)	2.28±0.56
	15~＜20	7 (7.1)	2.19±0.36
	≥20	3 (3.0)	2.47±0.38
Taking medication	Yes	90 (90.9)	2.35±0.46	-0.31 (.759)
Taking medication	No	9 (9.1)	2.40±0.72	-0.31 (.759)

Table 2.

Levels of Health-Promoting Behaviors and Related Variables (N=99)

Variables	Min	Max	M±SD
Perceived stress	1.73	4.86	3.41±0.75
Depression	0.00	2.85	1.06±0.69
Self-efficacy	1.00	5.00	3.33±0.82
Perceived health status	0.00	10.00	6.73±2.04
Health-promoting behaviors	1.56	3.62	2.35±0.48
Health responsibility	1.13	3.88	2.39±0.64
Physical activity	1.00	4.00	2.22±0.75
Nutrition	1.11	3.78	2.19±0.62
Spiritual growth	1.22	3.89	2.47±0.61
Interpersonal relations	1.38	3.88	2.54±0.60
Stress management	1.13	3.63	2.33±0.50

Table 3.

Correlations of related Variables with Health-Promoting Behaviors (N=99)

Variables	Perceived stress	Depression	Self-efficacy	Perceived health status H	Health promoting behaviors
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Perceived stress	1
Depression	.56 (＜.001)	1
Self-efficacy	-.29 (.004)	-.48 (＜.001)	1
Perceived health status	-.27 (.008)	-.39 (＜.001)	.18 (.069)	1
Health-promoting behaviors	-.21 (.040)	-.37 (＜.001)	.42 (＜.001)	.29 (.003)	1

Table 4.

Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors (N=99)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	1.08	.22		4.96	＜.001
Self-efficacy	0.24	.05	.40	4.52	＜.001	.96	1.05
Religion	0.25	.09	.24	2.71	.008	.98	1.02
Perceived health status	0.05	.02	.20	2.28	.025	.96	1.04
R²=.28, Adj. R²=.26, F=12.28, p＜.001

Table 1. Differences of Health-Promoting Behaviors according to General Characteristics (N=99)

Table 2. Levels of Health-Promoting Behaviors and Related Variables (N=99)

Table 3. Correlations of related Variables with Health-Promoting Behaviors (N=99)

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