The Factors Influencing the Resilience among Hemodialysis Patients

Hyun Min Cho; Eun Kwang Yoo

doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.614

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The Factors Influencing the Resilience among Hemodialysis Patients

Hyun Min Cho¹, Eun Kwang Yoo²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(6):614-620.
Published online: December 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.614

¹Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul

²College of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Yoo, Eun Kwang College of Nursing, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2220-0706, Fax: +82-2-2295-2074, E-mail: glory@hanyang.ac.kr

• Received: August 29, 2014 • Accepted: December 3, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of resilience, depression, and self-esteem of hemodialysis(HD) patients, and to find out the factors influencing resilience.
Methods
The subjects of this descriptive correlational study was 83 outpatients in H hospital in Seoul, Korea, who receive hemodialysis regularly. Data was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
Results
The resilience of HD patients were statistically different by gender, job, economical state, most supportive person, and recent condition. Self-esteem had positive correlation, while depression had moderate negative correlation with the resilience of HD patients. In regression analysis, depression had significant explanation power, which accounted for 25.4% of the resilience.
Conclusion
The results of this study provide basic data for developing a resilience promoting program. Since health-related conditions of HD patients affect their levels of resilience, individualized assessment and management of complications are necessary. Also, as the resilience is related to family support, activating support groups for HD patients and their spouses would be helpful to promote their resilience.
Key Words: Depression; Self-esteem; Resilience

Table 1.

Differences of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience according to Socio-demographic Factors (N=83)

Characteristics	Categories	n(%)	Depression		Self-esteem		Resilience
Characteristics	Categories	n(%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)
Gender	Male	38 (45.8)	2.43±0.58	-0.31	2.65±0.51	0.21	3.50±0.83	2.34
Gender	Female	45 (54.2)	2.47±0.50	(.765)	2.63±0.51	(.832)	3.10±0.70	(.022)
Age (year) (59.87±12.38)	≤40	6 (7.3)	4.00±0.59	0.80	2.78±0.51	1.21	3.11±0.71	0.42
	41~50	12 (14.6)	4.03±0.79	(.531)	2.82±0.60	(.315)	3.54±1.04	(.797)
	51~60	26 (31.7)	3.65±0.86		2.60±0.51		3.29±0.88
	61~70	21 (25.6)	3.60±0.87		2.47±0.49		3.20±0.77
	≥71	17 (20.7)	3.78±0.71		2.72±0.44		3.26±0.48
Occupation	Employed	14 (16.9)	2.06±0.48	-3.20	2.82±0.55	1.51	3.78±0.61	2.70
Occupation	Unemployed	69 (83.1)	2.53±0.51	(.002)	2.60±0.49	(.136)	3.18±0.78	(.009)
Economic state	So-so	42 (50.6)	2.33±0.53	-2.22	2.81±0.51	3.23	3.52±0.61	2.89
Economic state	Poor	41 (49.4)	2.58±0.51	(.029)	2.46±0.45	(.002)	3.04±0.88	(.005)
Living arrangement (Post-Hoc)	Alone	14 (16.9)	2.52±0.55	0.33	2.50±0.43	0.96	2.94±1.10	2.03
	With family	65 (78.3)	2.43±0.54	(.720)	2.68±0.53	(.388)	3.37±0.67	(.138)
	Etc.	4 (4.8)	2.59±0.23		2.47±0.42		3.01±1.13
Most supportive person (Post-Hoc)	Spouse	41 (49.4)	2.44±0.61	0.19	2.71±0.56	0.72	3.49±0.64	2.73
	Parents	10 (12.0)	2.41±0.28	(.945)	2.57±0.40	(.582)	3.27±0.68	(.035)
	Children	18 (21.7)	2.42±0.47		2.64±0.51		3.20±0.68	a＞e
	Siblings	9 (10.8)	2.57±0.50		2.43±0.37		2.96±1.00
	Etc.	5 (6.0)	2.56±0.65		2.52±0.50		2.46±1.41
Medical	Insurance	59 (71.1)	2.39±0.52	1.54	2.72±0.48	3.01	3.34±0.75	1.26
insurance	Medical aid	20 (24.1)	2.56±0.55	(.220)	2.46±0.55	(.055)	3.05±0.92	(.288)
	Etc.	4 (4.8)	2.79±0.53		2.30±0.35		3.58±0.38

Table 2.

Differences of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience according to Disease Factors (N=83)

Variables	Categories	n(%)	Depression		Self-esteem		Resilience
Variables	Categories	n(%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)
Diagnosed period (year)	＞5	28 (33.7)	2.56±0.54	1.26	2.65±0.52	0.06	3.32±0.75	0.29
	5~10	23 (27.7)	2.43±0.60	(.293)	2.65±0.58	(.981)	3.37±0.71	(.834)
	10~15	11 (13.3)	2.57±0.47		2.58±0.58		3.13±0.77
	＜15	21 (25.3)	2.28±0.46		2.64±0.39		3.21±0.94
Diseases (Post-Hoc)	CGN	16 (19.3)	2.11±0.31	3.33	2.84±0.37	1.09	3.68±0.81	2.10
	HTN	14 (16.9)	2.60±0.56	(.024)	2.57±0.43	(.360)	2.99±0.93	(.107)
	DM	31 (37.3)	2.58±0.58	a＜c	2.57±0.64		3.25±0.77
	etc.	22 (26.5)	2.43±0.48		2.63±0.41		3.22±0.62
Number of HD	2 in a week	5 (6.0)	2.25±0.62	-0.88	2.78±0.33	0.62	3.85±0.58	1.68
Number of HD	3 in a week	78 (94.0)	2.47±0.53	(.381)	2.63±0.52	(.538)	3.24±0.79	(.096)
Period of HD (year)	＞1	13 (15.7)	2.37±0.61	1.69	2.93±0.47	1.89	3.48±0.62	0.71
	1~5	24 (28.9)	2.63±0.46	(.176)	2.55±0.45	(.138)	3.13±0.74	(.549)
	5~10	20 (24.1)	2.47±0.61		2.55±0.67		3.39±0.77
	＜10	26 (31.3)	2.31±0.46		2.65±0.39		3.24±0.92
Experience of other treatment	PD	4 (4.8)	2.36±0.25	1.26	2.87±0.37	0.67	2.83±0.98	0.64
	K-T	12 (14.5)	2.33±0.42	(.293)	2.75±0.36	(.576)	3.41±0.83	(.593)
	Medicine	55 (66.3)	2.53±0.57		2.59±0.54		3.26±0.81
	Etc.	12 (14.5)	2.24±0.45		2.69±0.51		3.39±0.54
Recent condition (Post-Hoc)	Bad	23 (27.7)	2.91±0.48	17.50	2.32±0.53	7.88	2.73±0.75	9.13
	So-so	48 (57.8)	2.33±0.45	(＜.001)	2.73±0.47	(.001)	3.50±0.67	(＜.001)
	Good	12 (14.5)	2.08±0.39	a＞b, c	2.90±0.30	a＜b, c	3.43±0.86	a＜b, c

CGN=chronic glomerulonephritis, HTN=hypertension, DM=diabetes mellitus, HD=hemodialysis, PD=peritoneal dialysis, K-T=Kidney transplantation.

Table 3.

Levels of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience (N=83)

Variables	n	Min.	Max.	M±SD
Depression	83	1.37	3.58	2.45±0.53
Self-esteem	83	1.50	3.70	2.64±0.51
Resilience	83	1.00	4.92	3.28±0.79

Table 4.

Correlations of related Variables with Resilience (N=83)

Variables	Resilience
Variables	r (p)
Depression	-.50 (＜.001)
Self-esteem	.46 (＜.001)

Table 5.

Regression Equation Values for the Prediction of Resilience (N=83)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Collinearity statistics
Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	3.604	.961		3.75	＜.001
Depression	-0.502	.199	-.340	-2.53	.014	.503	1.989
Self-esteem	0.346	.208	.224	1.66	.100	.503	1.989
Adj. R²=.254, F=14.982, p＜.001

Durbin-Watson=1.992.

REFERENCES

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The Factors Influencing the Resilience among Hemodialysis Patients

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(6):614-620. Published online December 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.614

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The Factors Influencing the Resilience among Hemodialysis Patients

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(6):614-620. Published online December 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.6.614

Factors Influencing Resilience in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Factors Influencing the Resilience among Hemodialysis Patients

Table 1.

Differences of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience according to Socio-demographic Factors (N=83)

Characteristics	Categories	n(%)	Depression		Self-esteem		Resilience
Characteristics	Categories	n(%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)
Gender	Male	38 (45.8)	2.43±0.58	-0.31	2.65±0.51	0.21	3.50±0.83	2.34
Gender	Female	45 (54.2)	2.47±0.50	(.765)	2.63±0.51	(.832)	3.10±0.70	(.022)
Age (year) (59.87±12.38)	≤40	6 (7.3)	4.00±0.59	0.80	2.78±0.51	1.21	3.11±0.71	0.42
	41~50	12 (14.6)	4.03±0.79	(.531)	2.82±0.60	(.315)	3.54±1.04	(.797)
	51~60	26 (31.7)	3.65±0.86		2.60±0.51		3.29±0.88
	61~70	21 (25.6)	3.60±0.87		2.47±0.49		3.20±0.77
	≥71	17 (20.7)	3.78±0.71		2.72±0.44		3.26±0.48
Occupation	Employed	14 (16.9)	2.06±0.48	-3.20	2.82±0.55	1.51	3.78±0.61	2.70
Occupation	Unemployed	69 (83.1)	2.53±0.51	(.002)	2.60±0.49	(.136)	3.18±0.78	(.009)
Economic state	So-so	42 (50.6)	2.33±0.53	-2.22	2.81±0.51	3.23	3.52±0.61	2.89
Economic state	Poor	41 (49.4)	2.58±0.51	(.029)	2.46±0.45	(.002)	3.04±0.88	(.005)
Living arrangement (Post-Hoc)	Alone	14 (16.9)	2.52±0.55	0.33	2.50±0.43	0.96	2.94±1.10	2.03
	With family	65 (78.3)	2.43±0.54	(.720)	2.68±0.53	(.388)	3.37±0.67	(.138)
	Etc.	4 (4.8)	2.59±0.23		2.47±0.42		3.01±1.13
Most supportive person (Post-Hoc)	Spouse	41 (49.4)	2.44±0.61	0.19	2.71±0.56	0.72	3.49±0.64	2.73
	Parents	10 (12.0)	2.41±0.28	(.945)	2.57±0.40	(.582)	3.27±0.68	(.035)
	Children	18 (21.7)	2.42±0.47		2.64±0.51		3.20±0.68	a＞e
	Siblings	9 (10.8)	2.57±0.50		2.43±0.37		2.96±1.00
	Etc.	5 (6.0)	2.56±0.65		2.52±0.50		2.46±1.41
Medical	Insurance	59 (71.1)	2.39±0.52	1.54	2.72±0.48	3.01	3.34±0.75	1.26
insurance	Medical aid	20 (24.1)	2.56±0.55	(.220)	2.46±0.55	(.055)	3.05±0.92	(.288)
	Etc.	4 (4.8)	2.79±0.53		2.30±0.35		3.58±0.38

Table 2.

Differences of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience according to Disease Factors (N=83)

Variables	Categories	n(%)	Depression		Self-esteem		Resilience
Variables	Categories	n(%)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)	M±SD	t or F (p)
Diagnosed period (year)	＞5	28 (33.7)	2.56±0.54	1.26	2.65±0.52	0.06	3.32±0.75	0.29
	5~10	23 (27.7)	2.43±0.60	(.293)	2.65±0.58	(.981)	3.37±0.71	(.834)
	10~15	11 (13.3)	2.57±0.47		2.58±0.58		3.13±0.77
	＜15	21 (25.3)	2.28±0.46		2.64±0.39		3.21±0.94
Diseases (Post-Hoc)	CGN	16 (19.3)	2.11±0.31	3.33	2.84±0.37	1.09	3.68±0.81	2.10
	HTN	14 (16.9)	2.60±0.56	(.024)	2.57±0.43	(.360)	2.99±0.93	(.107)
	DM	31 (37.3)	2.58±0.58	a＜c	2.57±0.64		3.25±0.77
	etc.	22 (26.5)	2.43±0.48		2.63±0.41		3.22±0.62
Number of HD	2 in a week	5 (6.0)	2.25±0.62	-0.88	2.78±0.33	0.62	3.85±0.58	1.68
Number of HD	3 in a week	78 (94.0)	2.47±0.53	(.381)	2.63±0.52	(.538)	3.24±0.79	(.096)
Period of HD (year)	＞1	13 (15.7)	2.37±0.61	1.69	2.93±0.47	1.89	3.48±0.62	0.71
	1~5	24 (28.9)	2.63±0.46	(.176)	2.55±0.45	(.138)	3.13±0.74	(.549)
	5~10	20 (24.1)	2.47±0.61		2.55±0.67		3.39±0.77
	＜10	26 (31.3)	2.31±0.46		2.65±0.39		3.24±0.92
Experience of other treatment	PD	4 (4.8)	2.36±0.25	1.26	2.87±0.37	0.67	2.83±0.98	0.64
	K-T	12 (14.5)	2.33±0.42	(.293)	2.75±0.36	(.576)	3.41±0.83	(.593)
	Medicine	55 (66.3)	2.53±0.57		2.59±0.54		3.26±0.81
	Etc.	12 (14.5)	2.24±0.45		2.69±0.51		3.39±0.54
Recent condition (Post-Hoc)	Bad	23 (27.7)	2.91±0.48	17.50	2.32±0.53	7.88	2.73±0.75	9.13
	So-so	48 (57.8)	2.33±0.45	(＜.001)	2.73±0.47	(.001)	3.50±0.67	(＜.001)
	Good	12 (14.5)	2.08±0.39	a＞b, c	2.90±0.30	a＜b, c	3.43±0.86	a＜b, c

CGN=chronic glomerulonephritis, HTN=hypertension, DM=diabetes mellitus, HD=hemodialysis, PD=peritoneal dialysis, K-T=Kidney transplantation.

Table 3.

Levels of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience (N=83)

Variables	n	Min.	Max.	M±SD
Depression	83	1.37	3.58	2.45±0.53
Self-esteem	83	1.50	3.70	2.64±0.51
Resilience	83	1.00	4.92	3.28±0.79

Table 4.

Correlations of related Variables with Resilience (N=83)

Variables	Resilience
Variables	r (p)
Depression	-.50 (＜.001)
Self-esteem	.46 (＜.001)

Table 5.

Regression Equation Values for the Prediction of Resilience (N=83)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Collinearity statistics
Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	3.604	.961		3.75	＜.001
Depression	-0.502	.199	-.340	-2.53	.014	.503	1.989
Self-esteem	0.346	.208	.224	1.66	.100	.503	1.989
Adj. R²=.254, F=14.982, p＜.001

Durbin-Watson=1.992.

Table 1. Differences of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience according to Socio-demographic Factors (N=83)

Table 2. Differences of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience according to Disease Factors (N=83)

CGN=chronic glomerulonephritis, HTN=hypertension, DM=diabetes mellitus, HD=hemodialysis, PD=peritoneal dialysis, K-T=Kidney transplantation.

Table 3. Levels of Depression, Self-esteem, and Resilience (N=83)

Table 4. Correlations of related Variables with Resilience (N=83)

Table 5. Regression Equation Values for the Prediction of Resilience (N=83)

Durbin-Watson=1.992.

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