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Original Article

Factors associated with Hepatitis A Preventative Behaviors among University Students

Jeong-Sil Choi1, Ji Woon Ko2, Seungmi Park3
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2015;27(2):127-134.
Published online: April 30, 2015

1College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon

2Department of Nursing Science, Sun Moon University, Asan

3Department of Nursing Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea

Corresponding author: Park, Seungmi Department of Nursing, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro, 79beon-gil, Asan 336-795, Korea. Tel: +82-41-540-9533, Fax: +82-41-540-9558, E-mail: seungmipark@hoseo.edu
• Received: August 28, 2014   • Accepted: January 20, 2015

Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study is to identify health beliefs and knowledge related to hepatitis A vaccination (HAV). Preventative behaviors related to HAV were also examined.
  • Methods
    The convenience sample of 332 students were drawnfromauniversity in Chung-namprovince. The results were analyzedusingdescriptivesta-tistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffetest, Pearson ́ 'scorrelationcoefficient, andstepwisemultiple regressionwithSPSS for Windows 21.0 software.
  • Results
    Vaccination rates for hepatitis A were 23.4%. The mean scores of health beliefs, knowledge andpreventative behaviors related to hepatitis Awere 2.38±0.25, 0.34±0.30, and 3.15±0.40 respectively. The factorsfoundto berelated tohepatitis Apreventativebehaviors wereHAV, havingtheHAVanti-body andhealthbeliefs.
  • Conclusion
    An experience of HAV, having HAV anti body, and positive health beliefs related to hepatitis A may be necessary to increase voluntary hepatitis A preventive behaviors among university students. It is essential to develop the strategy of educating university students about HAV and having HAV antibody as well as reinforcing health beliefs about hepatitis A which prevent the hepatitis A occurrence.
  • Key Words: Hepatitis A; Vaccination; Health beliefs; Knowledge; Preventive behaviors
Table 1.
Preventive Behaviors by General Characteristics, Context of HAV Vaccination, and HAV Related Factors (N=332)
Characteristics Categories Categories n (%) or M±SD Range Preventive behavior t or F (p)
M±SD
General characteristics Gender Female 245 (73.8)   3.16±0.37 1.14
Male 87 (26.2) 3.10±0.49 (.287)
Aged in years 18 ＜ 104 (31.3) 3.17±0.37 0.61
19 ≥ 228 (68.7) 3.14±0.42 (.463)
  19.49±1.52 17~26    
Major Physical science 242 (72.9) 3.16±0.40 0.46
Non-physical science 90 (27.1) 3.12±0.39 (.500)
Religion Yes 136 (41.0) 3.15±0.40 0.04
No 196 (59.0) 3.14±0.40 (.839)
Allowance (10,000 won) 10 ＜ 56 (16.9) 3.12±0.38 0.49
10~ 20 ＜ 46 (13.9) 3.10±0.44 (.741)
20~ 30 ＜ 99 (29.8) 3.19±0.38  
30~ 40 ＜ 83 (25.0) 3.15±0.42  
40 ≥ 48 (14.4) 3.13±0.41  
Types of residence With familya 207 (62.4) 3.14±0.36 3.45
Self-boarding 93 (28.0) 3.12±0.42 (.033)
Dormitoryb 32 (9.6) 2.99±0.55 a b ＞
Experience of HAV vaccination No 254 (76.5) 3.08±0.37 30.84
Yes 78 (23.5) 3.36±0.43 (.001) ＜
Hepatitis A vaccination characteristics Experience of hearing about HAV vaccination No 71 (21.4) 3.04±0.41 7.01
Yes 261 (78.6) 3.18±0.39 (.008)
Possession anti-HAV Noa 40 (12.1) 3.09±0.44 12.25
Yesb 31 (9.3) 3.47±0.37 (＜.001)
Don't knowc 261 (78.6) 3.12±0.38 a, c ＜b
Family history of HAV infection No 327 (98.5) 3.15±0.40 0.09
Yes 5 (1.5) 3.20±0.61 (.764)
Family history of hepatic disease No 306 (92.2) 3.14±0.40 .69
Yes 26 (7.8) 3.20±0.40 (.406)
Experience of overseas travel within 6 months No 307 (92.5) 3.14±0.40 2.63
Yes 25 (7.5) 3.27±0.37 (.106)
Experience of HAV education within 3 months No 317 (95.5) 3.15±0.39 0.63
Yes 15 (4.5) 3.06±0.53 (.430)
Intention to HAV vaccination† No 25 (9.8) 3.00±0.40 1.23
Yes 229 (90.2) 3.09±0.36 (.270)
Related factor Health belief on HAV vaccination 2.38±0.25 1~4  
Knowledge on HAV vaccination 0.34±0.30 0~1
Preventive behavior 3.15±0.40 1~4

HAV=hepatitis A virus;

†Case of 'No' in experience of HAV vaccination; a, b, c=Scheffe test. ́

Table 2.
Correlations among Health belief, Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors about HAV (N=332)
Variables Health belief Knowledge Preventive behavior
r (p) r (p) r (p)
Health belief 1    
Knowledge .15 (.007) 1  
Preventive behavior .16 (.003) .15 (.007) 1

HAV=hepatitis A virus.

Table 3.
Factors related to HAV Preventive Behaviors (N=332)
Variables B β t p Adjusted R2 F p
Experience of HAV vaccination† .22 .23 4.10 ＜.001 .083 30.84 ＜.001
Possession anti-HAV† .11 .13 2.30 .022 .093 18.06 ＜.001
Health belief .18 .11 2.14 .033 .103 13.69 ＜.001

HAV=hepatitis A virus;

†Dummy (yes=1).

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  • 2.Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Management and prevention guidelines of hepatitis A [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention; 2009. [Cited 2014 March 4]. Available from.http://www.cdc.go.kr/CDC/contents/CdcKrContentView.jsp?menuIds=HOME001-MNU1132-MNU1147-MNU0746-MNU0750&cid=18008.
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    Factors associated with Hepatitis A Preventative Behaviors among University Students
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(2):127-134.   Published online April 30, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.2.127
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    Factors associated with Hepatitis A Preventative Behaviors among University Students
    Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(2):127-134.   Published online April 30, 2015
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.2.127
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    Factors associated with Hepatitis A Preventative Behaviors among University Students
    Factors associated with Hepatitis A Preventative Behaviors among University Students

    Preventive Behaviors by General Characteristics, Context of HAV Vaccination, and HAV Related Factors (N=332)

    Characteristics Categories Categories n (%) or M±SD Range Preventive behavior t or F (p)
    M±SD
    General characteristics Gender Female 245 (73.8)   3.16±0.37 1.14
    Male 87 (26.2) 3.10±0.49 (.287)
    Aged in years 18 ＜ 104 (31.3) 3.17±0.37 0.61
    19 ≥ 228 (68.7) 3.14±0.42 (.463)
      19.49±1.52 17~26    
    Major Physical science 242 (72.9) 3.16±0.40 0.46
    Non-physical science 90 (27.1) 3.12±0.39 (.500)
    Religion Yes 136 (41.0) 3.15±0.40 0.04
    No 196 (59.0) 3.14±0.40 (.839)
    Allowance (10,000 won) 10 ＜ 56 (16.9) 3.12±0.38 0.49
    10~ 20 ＜ 46 (13.9) 3.10±0.44 (.741)
    20~ 30 ＜ 99 (29.8) 3.19±0.38  
    30~ 40 ＜ 83 (25.0) 3.15±0.42  
    40 ≥ 48 (14.4) 3.13±0.41  
    Types of residence With familya 207 (62.4) 3.14±0.36 3.45
    Self-boarding 93 (28.0) 3.12±0.42 (.033)
    Dormitoryb 32 (9.6) 2.99±0.55 a b ＞
    Experience of HAV vaccination No 254 (76.5) 3.08±0.37 30.84
    Yes 78 (23.5) 3.36±0.43 (.001) ＜
    Hepatitis A vaccination characteristics Experience of hearing about HAV vaccination No 71 (21.4) 3.04±0.41 7.01
    Yes 261 (78.6) 3.18±0.39 (.008)
    Possession anti-HAV Noa 40 (12.1) 3.09±0.44 12.25
    Yesb 31 (9.3) 3.47±0.37 (＜.001)
    Don't knowc 261 (78.6) 3.12±0.38 a, c ＜b
    Family history of HAV infection No 327 (98.5) 3.15±0.40 0.09
    Yes 5 (1.5) 3.20±0.61 (.764)
    Family history of hepatic disease No 306 (92.2) 3.14±0.40 .69
    Yes 26 (7.8) 3.20±0.40 (.406)
    Experience of overseas travel within 6 months No 307 (92.5) 3.14±0.40 2.63
    Yes 25 (7.5) 3.27±0.37 (.106)
    Experience of HAV education within 3 months No 317 (95.5) 3.15±0.39 0.63
    Yes 15 (4.5) 3.06±0.53 (.430)
    Intention to HAV vaccination† No 25 (9.8) 3.00±0.40 1.23
    Yes 229 (90.2) 3.09±0.36 (.270)
    Related factor Health belief on HAV vaccination 2.38±0.25 1~4  
    Knowledge on HAV vaccination 0.34±0.30 0~1
    Preventive behavior 3.15±0.40 1~4

    HAV=hepatitis A virus;

    †Case of 'No' in experience of HAV vaccination; a, b, c=Scheffe test. ́

    Correlations among Health belief, Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors about HAV (N=332)

    Variables Health belief Knowledge Preventive behavior
    r (p) r (p) r (p)
    Health belief 1    
    Knowledge .15 (.007) 1  
    Preventive behavior .16 (.003) .15 (.007) 1

    HAV=hepatitis A virus.

    Factors related to HAV Preventive Behaviors (N=332)

    Variables B β t p Adjusted R2 F p
    Experience of HAV vaccination† .22 .23 4.10 ＜.001 .083 30.84 ＜.001
    Possession anti-HAV† .11 .13 2.30 .022 .093 18.06 ＜.001
    Health belief .18 .11 2.14 .033 .103 13.69 ＜.001

    HAV=hepatitis A virus;

    †Dummy (yes=1).
    Table 1. Preventive Behaviors by General Characteristics, Context of HAV Vaccination, and HAV Related Factors (N=332)

    HAV=hepatitis A virus;

    Case of 'No' in experience of HAV vaccination; a, b, c=Scheffe test. ́

    Table 2. Correlations among Health belief, Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors about HAV (N=332)

    HAV=hepatitis A virus.

    Table 3. Factors related to HAV Preventive Behaviors (N=332)

    HAV=hepatitis A virus;

    Dummy (yes=1).

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

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