The Effects of Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Kyoungah Kim; Oksoo Kim

doi:10.7475/kjan.2015.27.6.707

Articles

Page Path

Original Article

The Effects of Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Kyoungah Kim¹, Oksoo Kim²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2015;27(6):707-717.
Published online: December 31, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.6.707

¹Department of Nursing, Woosong University, Daejeon

²Division of Nursing Science, Collegeof Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Kyoungah Department of Nursing,Woosong University, 171 Dongdaejeon-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300-718, Korea. Tel: +82-42-630-9297, Fax: +82-42-630-9299, E-mail: kamaria@wsu.ac.kr

• Received: October 1, 2015 • Accepted: December 12, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

19 Views
0 Download
19 Crossref
16 Scopus

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was to develop and verify the effects of the exercise-cognitive combined dual-task training program on cognitive function and depression of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were assigned into two groups: an experimental group receiving an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task (n=20) and a control group receiving a simple-task (n=18). After 8 weeks of intervention (2 days per week), the change in depression and cognitive functions were compared between the groups.
Results
General cognitive function (t=-2.81, p=.011), frontal cognitive function (Z=-3.50, p .001), attention/working memory function (U=-2.91, p=.004), depression (t=4.96, p<001) of the experimental group were significantly increased than those of the control group.
Conclusion
The findings of the study showed that an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task program for MCI was effective in improving general cognitive function, frontal and executive function, attention/working memory function, and reducing depression.
Key Words: Mild cognitive impairment; Cognitive function; Depression; Dual-task program

Table 1.

The Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program

Session	Theme	Content	Min
1	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Introduction of program, Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (1 100, sequentially) →
		Naming of picture (ex. flowers) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pull the thera band by hand –
2	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (100 1, sequentially) →
		Naming of picture (ex. fruits) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pull the thera band by hand –
3	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (1 100, random) →
		Naming of picture (ex. animals) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pass the ball to the side –
4	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (100 1, random) →
		Naming of picture (ex.vegetables) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise-Pass the ball back & forth
5	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Calculation (addition, ones place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex, flowers)-match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Throw the ball –
6	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Calculation (addition, tens place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex, fruits) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Throw the ball –
7	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Calculation (subtraction, ones place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex. animals) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee, walking motion –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pull & push the thera band by leg –
8	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	e 50
		Calculation (subtraction, tens place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex. vegetables)-match/memorize
	Exercise	– Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee, walking motion
	Exercise	Strength exercise-Pull & push the thera band by leg

Rest for 10min every 25 minutes

Table 2.

Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics and Outcome Variables between Two Groups (N=38)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=20)	Cont. (n=18)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Gender	Male	5 (25.0)	2 (11.1)	1.22	.249
Gender	Female	15 (75.0)	16 (88.9)	1.22	.249
Age (year)		76.40±6.41	74.89±6.94	0.70	.490
	64~69	4 (20.0)	6 (33.3)	3.71	.447
	70~74	2 (10.0)	3 (16.7)
	75~79	7 (35.0)	2 (11.1)
	80~84	5 (25.0)	6 (33.3)
	85 ≥	2 (10.0)	1 (5.6)
Religion	Yes	16 (80.0)	14 (77.8)	0.03	.589
Religion	No	4 (20.0)	4 (22.2)	0.03	.589
Education	Uneducated	3 (15.0)	1 (5.6)	2.50	.644
	Elementary school	12 (60.0)	9 (50.0)
	Middle school	3 (15.0)	6 (33.3)
	High school ≥	2 (10.0)	2 (11.1)
Spouse	Yes	4 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.075
Spouse	No	16 (80.0)	18 (100.0)	5.18	.075
Disease^†	Cardiovascular	11 (55.5)	13 (72.2)	1.21	.224
	Endocrine	7 (35.0)	3 (16.7)	1.64	.181
	Neurology	2 (10.0)	2 (11.1)	0.01	.656
	Skelectomuscular	1 (5.0)	1 (5.6)	0.01	.730
	Other	2 (10.0)	3 (16.7)	0.37	.448
Activity/day	1 hr	16 (80.0)	17 (94.4)	1.93	.381
	2 hr	3 (15.0)	1 (5.6)
	3 ≥ hr	1 (5.0)	0 (0.0)
Smoking	Yes	5 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.031
Smoking	No	15 (75.0)	18 (100.0)	5.18	.031
Dringking	Yes	5 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.031
Dringking	No	15 (75.0)	18 (100.0)	5.18	.031

^†Multi-response.

Table 3.

Homogeneity Test on Outcome Variables between the Two Groups (N=38)

Variables	Exp. (n=20)	Cont. (n=18)	t or U	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	t or U	p
MMSE-K	25.70±2.25	26.22±2.13	0.73	.469
MOCA-K	16.50±3.47	14.33±3.77	0.00	.073
FAB	10.35±3.51	10.22±3.14	0.12	1.000
K-CWST	53.25±7.97	53.33±6.01	-1.22	.223
DSF	5.10±1.12	3.67±0.49	-4.34	.001 ＜
DSB	2.80±0.89	2.61±0.61	-0.45	.654
GDS-K	13.60±1.88	12.72±3.51	0.98	.336

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; MMSE-K=Mini-Mental Status Examination version of Korean; MoCA-K=The korean version of montreal cognitive assesment; FAB=Frontal assessment battery; K-CWST=Korean color word stroop test; DSF=Digit span forward; DSB=Digit span backward; GDS-K=The Korean version of geriatric depression scale.

Table4.

Effect of the Exercise-Cognitive CombinedDual-TaskProgramonDependent Variablesinthe Experimental Group and the Control Group (N=38)

Variables	Categories	Pretest (n=20)	Posttest (n=18)	t or Z (p)	Mean difference	t or U (p)
Variables	Categories	M±SD	M±SD	t or Z (p)	M±SD	t or U (p)
MOCA-K	Exp.	16.50±3.47	17.70±3.73	-2.81 (.011)	1.20±1.91	3.34 (.002)
MOCA-K	Cont.	14.33±3.77	14.39±3.99	-0.18 (.863)	0.06±1.35	3.34 (.002)
FAB	Exp.	10.35±3.51	11.05±3.53	-3.50 (.001) ＜	0.70±0.57	-2.99 (.003)
FAB	Cont.	10.22±3.14	10.56±3.11	-1.73 (.083)	0.17±0.38	-2.99 (.003)
K-CWST	Exp.	53.25±7.97	53.85±8.03	-1.58 (.114)	0.60±1.64	-0.42 (.673)
K-CWST	Cont.	53.33±6.01	53.67±5.36	-1.14 (.256)	0.44±1.34	-0.42 (.673)
DSF	Exp.	5.10±1.12	5.35±1.46	-1.67 (.096)	0.25±0.64	-2.91 (.004)
DSF	Cont.	3.67±0.49	3.28±0.57	-2.33 (.020)	-0.39±0.61	-2.91 (.004)
DSB	Exp.	2.80±0.89	2.85±1.18	-0.30 (.763)	0.05±0.76	-1.36 (.174)
DSB	Cont.	2.61±0.61	2.33±0.49	-1.89 (.059)	-0.28±0.58	-1.36 (.174)
GDS-K	Exp.	13.60±1.88	11.70±2.64	4.96 (.001) ＜	-1.80±1.64	0.34 (.002)
GDS-K	Cont.	12.72±3.51	13.17±3.62	-1.46 (.163)	-0.11±1.37	0.34 (.002)

Exp.=experimental group, Cont.=control group; MoCA-K=The korean version of montreal cognitive assesment; FAB=Frontal assessment battery K-CWST=Korean color word stroop test; DSF=Digit span forward; DSB=Digit span backward; GDS-K=The Korean version of geriatric depression scale.

REFERENCES

1.Ministry of Health & Welfare. 2012 Dementia prevalence rate survey [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Health & Welfare; 2012. [cited 2013 May 2]. Available from:.http://www.mw.go.kr/front_new/al/sal0301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&CONT_SEQ=286138&page=1.
2.Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L, Wah-lund LO, et al. Mild cognitive impairment-beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the international working group on mild cognitive impairment. Journal of International Medicine. 2004;256(3):240-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x.
3.Panza F, Frisardi V, Capurso CDA, Colacicco AM, Imbimbo BP, et al. Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia: possible continuum? American Journal Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(2):98-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181b0fa13.
Article
4.Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Vaccarino V, Charney DS. Deficits in hippocampal and anterior cingulate functioning duringverbaldeclarativememory encoding in midlife major depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161(4):637-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.637.
Article
5.Chui W, Cheung E, Lam L. Neuropsychological profiles and short-term outcome in late-onset depression. Geriatric Psyci-atry. 2011;26(5):458-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.2548.
Article
6.Kim WY, Han CH, Heo EJ, Kang HW, Jeon WK. A review of non-pharmacological intervention efficacy in patients with mildcognitiveimpairment. JournalofOriental Neuropsychiatry. 2011;22(3):1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7231/jon.2011.22.3.001.
7.Lee YM, Park NH. The effects of dementia prevention program on cognition, depression, self-esteem and quality oflife in the elderly with mild cognitive disorder. Korean Society of Adult Nursing. 2007;19(5):104-14.
8.Kim CM, Park YS, Kim SH. Analysis of trends in non-pharma-cologicalstudies for elders with dementia in korea. Journalof Gerontological Nursing. 2012;14(2):129-41.
9.Ji EJ, Kim OS. Effect of the laughter therapy combined with cognitivereinforcementprogramfor the elderly withmildcog-nitive impairment. Korean Society of Adult Nursing. 2014;26(1):34-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.1.34.
Article
PDF
10.Springer S, Gilade N, Peretz C, Yogev G, Simon M, Hausdorff K. Dual-tasking effects jon gait variability: the role of aging, falls, and executive function. Movement Disorders. 2006;21(7):950-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20848.
11.Makizako H, Doi T, Shimada H, Yoshida D, Takayama Y, Suzuki T. Relationship between dual-task performance and neu-rocognitive measures in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2013;13(2):314-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00898.x.
Article
12.Erickson KI, Colcombe SJ, Wadhwa R, Bherer L, Peterson MS, Scalf PE, et al. Training-induced functionalactivation changes in dual-task processing: an FMRI study. Cerebral Cortex. 2007;17(1):192-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj137.
Article
13.Lee BT, Lee KM. Neural basis involved in the interference effects during dual task: interaction between calculation and memory retrieval. Korean Journal of Cognitive Science. 2007;18(2):159-78.
Article
14.Michael S, Tania Z, Peter O, Klaus H. Dual-taskperfor-mances can be improved in patients with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2010;74(24):1961-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e39696.
15.Kim HJThe efficacy of the combined program of exercise and cognitive rehabilitation for the elderly people with mild dementia. [dissertation]. Seoul: Korea University; 2010.
16.Kim GY, Han MR, Lee HG. Effect of dual-task rehabilitative training on cognitive and motor function of stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014;26(1):1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1.
Article
17.Park KS, Jung HY, So SY, Park YH, Yang HJ, Jung KR, et al. The effects of the activity program for preventing dementia against depression, cognitive function, and quality of life for the elderly. Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry. 2013;24(4):353-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7231/jon.2013.24.4.353.
Article
18.Lee JY, Lee DW, Cho SJ, Na DL, Jeon HJ, Kim SK, et al. Brief screening for mild cognitive impairment in elderly outpatient clinic: validation of the korean version ofthe montreal cognitive assessment. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 2008;21(2):104-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988708316855.
Article
PDF
19.Kang YO, Jang SM, Na DLSeoul neuropsychological screen battery-II (SNSB-II). Seoul: Human Brain Research & Consulting; 2012.
20.Jung IK, Kawk DI, Shin DK, Lee MS, Lee HS, Kim JY. A reliabilityand validity study of geriatric depression scale. Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 1997;36(1):103-12.
21.Kim HJ, Park S, Kim JH, Cho EH, Oh JS, Lee E, et al. Effect of pilates-combinedexercise programon bloodmarkers ofmild cognitive impairment. The Korean Journal of Growth and Development. 2013;21(4):287-92.
22.Leonie J, Martine S, Sandra W, Marie-Eve B, Yves T, Carol H, et al. Efficacyo f acognitive training programme formild cognitive impairment: results of a randomized controlledstudy. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 2010;20(3):377-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602010903343012.
Article
23.Andrea S, Juan MV, Marie S, Valerie HB, Bernard P, Bruno D. Frontal assessment battery and differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia and alzheimer disease. Archives Neurology. 2004;61(7):1104-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.61.7.1104.
24.Hikaru T, Yasuyuki T, Rui N, Hiroshi H, Atsushi S, Yuka K, et al. Effects of multitasking-trainingongraymatter structure and resting stateneuralmechanisms. Human Brain Mapping. 2014;35(8):3646-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22427.
25.Han JH, Ko SG, Kwon JH, Cho IH, Ahn SM, Han CS, Park MH. Efficacy of a multifactorial cognitive ability enhancement pro-gramin MCI(mildcognitiveimpairment). The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2008;27(4):805-21.
26.Hyndman D, Pickering RM, Ashburn A. Reduced sway during dualtask balanceperformance amongpeoplewith stroke at6 and 12 months after discharge from hospital. Neurorehabili-taion & Neural Repair. 2009;23(8):847-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968309338192.
Article
PDF
27.Kizony R, Levin MF, Hughey L, Perez C, Fung J. Cognitive loadanddual-taskperformanceduringlocomotionpoststroke:: afeasibilitystudy using a functionalvirtualenvironment. Physical Therapy. 2010;90(2):252-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090061.
Article
PDF
28.Kang WG, Kang MH, Yang JL, Koo EJ, Kim SK. The comparison of EEGactivity by computer assisted cognitive rehabilitation programinthe normalelderly and the elderly withdeme-ntia. The Journalof KoreanSocietyofOccupationalTherapy. 2009;17(3):1-13.
29.Kim MSDevelopment and effect of a cognitive intervention program. [dissertation]. Daejon: Chungnam National University; 2014.
30.Kim DY, Yang EA. The effect of therapeutic music activity upon mood state and powerlessness in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Korean Music Therapy Association. 2013;15(2):73-94.

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Balance and Cognitive Dual Task on the Elderly Using Virtual Reality Technology
Jun-Su Choi, Min-Ye Jung, Junghun Aj Kim
Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation.2025; 41(2): 95. CrossRef
Effects of the dual-task training program for Korean older adults with mild cognitive impairment in community
Eunyoung Shin, Hyun Jin Roh, Sohyune Sok
Geriatric Nursing.2024; 60: 5. CrossRef
Literature Review on Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Korea
Ok Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(4): 456. CrossRef
Does Cognitive–Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Jong-Hyeon Kim, Jin-Hyuck Park
Healthcare.2023; 11(11): 1544. CrossRef
The development and evaluation of a self-efficacy enhancement program for older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Jungeun Lee, Eunhee Cho, Heejung Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Eosu Kim, Byoung Seok Ye
Applied Nursing Research.2023; 73: 151726. CrossRef
The Effects of Combined Physical and Cognitive Interventions on Direct and Indirect Fall Outcomes for the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Hai Mai Ba, Jiyun Kim
Healthcare.2022; 10(5): 862. CrossRef
The Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions on Depression in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ye Hoon Lee, Hyungsook Kim, Heetae Cho
Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 1886. CrossRef
The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Program Combined with Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function, Depression, and Sleep in Chronic Stroke Patients
SoHyun Kim, SungHyoun Cho
Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science.2022; 11(1): 32. CrossRef
Effects of Cognitive-Physical Dual-Task Training on Executive Function and Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Jin-Hyuck Park
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Cognitive/Exercise Dual-Task Program on the Cognitive Function, Health Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly Living in the Community
Sohyune Sok, Eunyoung Shin, Seyoon Kim, Myeongshin Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7848. CrossRef
The Humanoid Robot Sil-Bot in a Cognitive Training Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly People with Mild Cognitive Impairment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Eun-A Park, Ae-Ri Jung, Kyoung-A Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 8198. CrossRef
Effects of Exercise Interventions on Cognitive Adaptations for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hong-Bum Eun, Seung-Soo Baek
Exercise Science.2021; 30(1): 52. CrossRef
Effects of activities of daily living-based dual-task training on upper extremity function, cognitive function, and quality of life in stroke patients
Hee-Su An, Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2021; 12(5): 304. CrossRef
Effects of Dual-Task Training with Cognitive Tasks on Cognitive Function and β-amyloid Levels in the Elderly with Mild Dementia
Do-Youn Lee, Seung-Min Nam
Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2020; 15(2): 23. CrossRef
The Effects of Occupational Therapy Program Using Dual-Task on Cognitive Function and Gait for the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Jae-Hyeon Lee, Yo-Soon Bang, Eun-Sol Ju, Min-Ji Hwang
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy.2020; 28(1): 109. CrossRef
Effects of Fumanet exercise on Korean older adults with mild dementia
Sun Mi Lee, Jaewon Joung, Sung Hee Shin
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluating the Efficacy of Therapeutic Programs on Improving Cognitive Function and Depression among Older Adults Living with Dementia in Korea
Jaeeon Yoo, Sunhee Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(9): 3218. CrossRef
Effects of Exercise and Cognitive Intervention Program on Cognitive Function, Sedentary Behavior and Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Women with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Min-Ki Jeong, Hyun-Hun Jung, Sang-Kab Park
Exercise Science.2019; 28(2): 198. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Community based Multifaceted Cognitive Training Program for the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Yeonhee Park, Heeyoung Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(2): 119. CrossRef

Cite

CITE

export

Copy Download

Format
XML Download

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

The Effects of Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(6):707-717. Published online December 31, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.6.707

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

The Effects of Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(6):707-717. Published online December 31, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.6.707

The Effects of Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Table 1.

The Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program

Session	Theme	Content	Min
1	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Introduction of program, Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (1 100, sequentially) →
		Naming of picture (ex. flowers) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pull the thera band by hand –
2	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (100 1, sequentially) →
		Naming of picture (ex. fruits) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pull the thera band by hand –
3	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (1 100, random) →
		Naming of picture (ex. animals) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pass the ball to the side –
4	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Count the number (100 1, random) →
		Naming of picture (ex.vegetables) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder –
	Exercise	Strength exercise-Pass the ball back & forth
5	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Calculation (addition, ones place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex, flowers)-match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Throw the ball –
6	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Calculation (addition, tens place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex, fruits) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Throw the ball –
7	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	50
		Calculation (subtraction, ones place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex. animals) -match/memorize
	Exercise	Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee, walking motion –
	Exercise	Strength exercise Pull & push the thera band by leg –
8	Opening Cognitive stimulation	Hand exercise & clapping	e 50
		Calculation (subtraction, tens place)
		Naming backwards, find the common of each picture (ex. vegetables)-match/memorize
	Exercise	– Aerobic exercise Drawing of wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee, walking motion
	Exercise	Strength exercise-Pull & push the thera band by leg

Rest for 10min every 25 minutes

Table 2.

Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics and Outcome Variables between Two Groups (N=38)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=20)	Cont. (n=18)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Gender	Male	5 (25.0)	2 (11.1)	1.22	.249
Gender	Female	15 (75.0)	16 (88.9)	1.22	.249
Age (year)		76.40±6.41	74.89±6.94	0.70	.490
	64~69	4 (20.0)	6 (33.3)	3.71	.447
	70~74	2 (10.0)	3 (16.7)
	75~79	7 (35.0)	2 (11.1)
	80~84	5 (25.0)	6 (33.3)
	85 ≥	2 (10.0)	1 (5.6)
Religion	Yes	16 (80.0)	14 (77.8)	0.03	.589
Religion	No	4 (20.0)	4 (22.2)	0.03	.589
Education	Uneducated	3 (15.0)	1 (5.6)	2.50	.644
	Elementary school	12 (60.0)	9 (50.0)
	Middle school	3 (15.0)	6 (33.3)
	High school ≥	2 (10.0)	2 (11.1)
Spouse	Yes	4 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.075
Spouse	No	16 (80.0)	18 (100.0)	5.18	.075
Disease^†	Cardiovascular	11 (55.5)	13 (72.2)	1.21	.224
	Endocrine	7 (35.0)	3 (16.7)	1.64	.181
	Neurology	2 (10.0)	2 (11.1)	0.01	.656
	Skelectomuscular	1 (5.0)	1 (5.6)	0.01	.730
	Other	2 (10.0)	3 (16.7)	0.37	.448
Activity/day	1 hr	16 (80.0)	17 (94.4)	1.93	.381
	2 hr	3 (15.0)	1 (5.6)
	3 ≥ hr	1 (5.0)	0 (0.0)
Smoking	Yes	5 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.031
Smoking	No	15 (75.0)	18 (100.0)	5.18	.031
Dringking	Yes	5 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	5.18	.031
Dringking	No	15 (75.0)	18 (100.0)	5.18	.031

^†Multi-response.

Table 3.

Homogeneity Test on Outcome Variables between the Two Groups (N=38)

Variables	Exp. (n=20)	Cont. (n=18)	t or U	p
Variables	M±SD	M±SD	t or U	p
MMSE-K	25.70±2.25	26.22±2.13	0.73	.469
MOCA-K	16.50±3.47	14.33±3.77	0.00	.073
FAB	10.35±3.51	10.22±3.14	0.12	1.000
K-CWST	53.25±7.97	53.33±6.01	-1.22	.223
DSF	5.10±1.12	3.67±0.49	-4.34	.001 ＜
DSB	2.80±0.89	2.61±0.61	-0.45	.654
GDS-K	13.60±1.88	12.72±3.51	0.98	.336

Table4.

Effect of the Exercise-Cognitive CombinedDual-TaskProgramonDependent Variablesinthe Experimental Group and the Control Group (N=38)

Variables	Categories	Pretest (n=20)	Posttest (n=18)	t or Z (p)	Mean difference	t or U (p)
Variables	Categories	M±SD	M±SD	t or Z (p)	M±SD	t or U (p)
MOCA-K	Exp.	16.50±3.47	17.70±3.73	-2.81 (.011)	1.20±1.91	3.34 (.002)
MOCA-K	Cont.	14.33±3.77	14.39±3.99	-0.18 (.863)	0.06±1.35	3.34 (.002)
FAB	Exp.	10.35±3.51	11.05±3.53	-3.50 (.001) ＜	0.70±0.57	-2.99 (.003)
FAB	Cont.	10.22±3.14	10.56±3.11	-1.73 (.083)	0.17±0.38	-2.99 (.003)
K-CWST	Exp.	53.25±7.97	53.85±8.03	-1.58 (.114)	0.60±1.64	-0.42 (.673)
K-CWST	Cont.	53.33±6.01	53.67±5.36	-1.14 (.256)	0.44±1.34	-0.42 (.673)
DSF	Exp.	5.10±1.12	5.35±1.46	-1.67 (.096)	0.25±0.64	-2.91 (.004)
DSF	Cont.	3.67±0.49	3.28±0.57	-2.33 (.020)	-0.39±0.61	-2.91 (.004)
DSB	Exp.	2.80±0.89	2.85±1.18	-0.30 (.763)	0.05±0.76	-1.36 (.174)
DSB	Cont.	2.61±0.61	2.33±0.49	-1.89 (.059)	-0.28±0.58	-1.36 (.174)
GDS-K	Exp.	13.60±1.88	11.70±2.64	4.96 (.001) ＜	-1.80±1.64	0.34 (.002)
GDS-K	Cont.	12.72±3.51	13.17±3.62	-1.46 (.163)	-0.11±1.37	0.34 (.002)

Table 1. The Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program

Rest for 10min every 25 minutes

Table 2. Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics and Outcome Variables between Two Groups (N=38)

†

Multi-response.

Table 3. Homogeneity Test on Outcome Variables between the Two Groups (N=38)

Table4. Effect of the Exercise-Cognitive CombinedDual-TaskProgramonDependent Variablesinthe Experimental Group and the Control Group (N=38)

Articles

Page Path

The Effects of Exercise-Cognitive Combined Dual-Task Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Full Article

Abstract

REFERENCES

Figure & Data

References

Citations

CITE

Download Citation

Format:

Include:

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table4.

ABOUT

BROWSE ARTICLES

EDITORIAL POLICY

FOR CONTRIBUTORS