Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

Jeong Sook Park; Soon Yang Jang

doi:10.7469/kjan.2016.28.2.136

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Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

Jeong Sook Park¹, Soon Yang Jang²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(2):136-147.
Published online: April 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2016.28.2.136

¹College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu

²Department of Nursing Division of Nursing and Public Health, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding author: Jang, Soon Yang Department of Nursing, Division of Nursing and Public Health, Daegu University, 33 Seongdang-ro 50-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42400, Korea. Tel: +82-53-650-8397, Fax: +82-53-650-8380, E-mail: jsny0212@daegu.ac.kr

• Received: January 26, 2016 • Accepted: March 28, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

This article has been retracted. See "Retraction: Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel" in Volume 28 on page 608.

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of obesity for military executive members of the Korean Army Personnel.
Methods
The sample consisted of 1,026 executive members from the military. The data were drawn from a self-report survey with questions about demographics, obesity-related knowledge, attitude and behavior from June 9, 2015 to July 21, 2015. The Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x²-test and logistic regression.
Results
Of the total participants, sixty-five percent reported being non-obese and the remaining thirty-five percent would be classified as obese. The classification was defined by the BMI scores. Those participants with more than twenty years of service were 3.41 times more likely to be at risk for obesity compared to those participants with less than one year of service who had the lowest risk. Those participants with less than twenty more than ten years of service were 2.64times more likely to report obesity than those who had the lowest risk. Other factors related to the obesity was whether a person was in a front line unit (3.65 times higher), or rear unit (4.48 times higher) as compared to those in a special unit. For those who reported smoking more than a pack of cigarettes a day had 2.64 times the risk of obesity than those who smoked less than a half pack a day. Above average score in sensitivity of obesity related attitude showed 5.92 times higher risk than below average.
Conclusion
This result suggested that over ten years of service, front line unit, rear unit, smoking more than one pack per day, and above average score in sensitivity of obesity related attitude influenced obesity. This study might provide base-line data for implementing tailored obesity management program to improve health status of the Korean army personnel.
Key Words: Army personnel; Obesity; Knowledge; Attitude; Behavior

Table 1.

Obesity according to the General & Military-related Characteristics of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Characteristics		Categories	Total	Non-obese (n=668)	Obese (n=358)	χ²	p
Characteristics		Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%)	n (%)	χ²	p
General	Age (year)		31.05±8.23			57.54	＜.001
		≤29	576 (56.1)	429 (64.2)	147 (41.1)
		30~39	266 (25.9)	144 (21.6)	122 (34.1)
		40~49	136 (13.3)	63 (9.4)	73 (20.4)
		≥50	48 (4.7)	32 (4.8)	16 (4.5)
	Gender	Male	969 (94.4)	615 (92.1)	354 (98.9)	20.64	＜.001
	Gender	Female	57 (5.6)	53 (7.9)	4 (1.1)	20.64	＜.001
	Marital status	Married	439 (42.8)	234 (35.0)	205 (57.3)	47.06	＜.001
	Marital status	Single	587 (57.2)	434 (65.0)	153 (42.7)	47.06	＜.001
	Education	High school graduate	203 (19.8)	125 (18.7)	78 (21.8)	3.65	.161
		University graduate	684 (66.7)	459 (68.7)	225 (62.8)
		Graduate school	139 (13.5)	84 (12.6)	55 (15.4)
	Living with family	Yes	425 (41.4)	244 (36.5)	181 (50.6)	18.91	＜.001
	Living with family	No	601 (58.6)	424 (63.5)	177 (49.4)	18.91	＜.001
Military-related	Position	Civilian military employee	30 (2.9)	23 (3.4)	7 (2.0)	15.23	.002
		Non-commissioned officer	597 (58.2)	380 (56.9)	217 (60.6)
		Company officer	297 (28.9)	212 (31.7)	85 (23.7)
		Field officer	102 (9.9)	53 (7.9)	49 (13.7)
	Unit type	Standard division	593 (57.8)	367 (54.9)	226 (63.1)	39.98	＜.000
		Mobilization division	114 (11.1)	69 (10.3)	45 (12.6)
		Headquarter	96 (9.4)	56 (8.4)	40 (11.2)
		Education unit	109 (10.6)	72 (10.8)	37 (10.3)
		Special force	114 (11.1)	104 (10.1)	10 (2.8)
	Place of duty	Forward service	465 (45.3)	290 (43.4)	175 (48.9)	25.30	＜.001
		Rear service	387 (37.7)	236 (35.3)	151 (42.2)
		Special service	174 (17.0)	142 (21.3)	32 (8.9)
	Period of service (year)		98.33±95.43			55.37	＜.001
		≤1	110 (10.7)	87 (13.0)	23 (6.4)
		＞13 months~＜5	371 (36.2)	281 (42.1)	90 (25.1)
		≥5~＜10	252 (24.6)	148 (22.2)	104 (29.1)
		≥10~＜20	178 (17.3)	90 (13.5)	88 (24.6)
		≥20	115 (11.2)	62 (9.3)	53 (14.8)

Table 2.

Obesity according to Life Style of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Characteristics	Categories	Total	Non-obese (n=668)	Obese (n=358)	x²	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Meals per day	≤2 times	399 (38.9)	240 (35.9)	159 (44.4)	9.11	.011
	3 times	553 (53.9)	383 (57.3)	170 (47.5)
	≥4 times	74 (7.2)	45 (6.7)	29 (8.1)
Dining together eating out	≤3 times/months	584 (56.9)	385 (57.6)	199 (55.6)	3.99	.552
Dining together eating out	≥4 times/months	442 (43.1)	283 (42.4)	159 (44.4)	3.99	.552
Excercise per week	≤2 times	422 (41.1)	253 (37.9)	169 (47.2)	20.39	＜.001
	3~4 times	335 (32.7)	210 (31.4)	125 (34.9)
	≥5 times	269 (26.2)	205 (30.7)	64 (17.9)
Watching TV over 3 hours per day	Yes	114 (11.1)	65 (9.7)	49 (13.7)	14.69	.001
	So so	311 (30.3)	183 (27.4)	128 (35.8)
	No	601 (58.6)	420 (62.9)	181 (50.6)
Sleeping hours per night	＜7	720 (70.2)	466 (69.8)	254 (70.9)	0.16	.691
Sleeping hours per night	≥7	300 (29.2)	202 (30.2)	104 (29.1)	0.16	.691
Smoking	No smoking	433 (42.2)	307 (46.0)	126 (35.2)	13.99	.001
	Stop smoking	113 (11.0)	61 (9.1)	52 (14.5)
	Smoking now	480 (46.8)	300 (44.9)	180 (50.3)
Smoking amount per day (n=480)	＜1/2 pack	124 (25.8)	81 (27.0)	43 (23.9)	16.49	＜.001
	≥1/2＜1 pack	276 (57.5)	185 (61.7)	91 (50.5)
	≥1 pack	80 (16.7)	34 (11.3)	46 (25.6)
Drinking alcohol	Nondrinking	306 (29.8)	208 (31.1)	98 (27.4)	1.93	.382
	2~3 times/months	376 (36.6)	244 (36.5)	132 (36.9)
	≥1~2 times/weeks	344 (33.5)	216 (32.3)	128 (35.8)
Stress	Little	89 (8.7)	56 (8.4)	33 (9.2)	13.64	.001
	A little	495 (48.2)	350 (52.4)	145 (40.5)
	Above normal	442 (43.1)	262 (39.2)	180 (50.3)

Table 3.

Obesity according to the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior related to Obesity of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Characteristics	Total score	Non-obese (n=668)	Obese (n=358)	t	p
Characteristics	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Obesity knowledge	22.29±3.80	22.38±3.72	22.13±3.93	0.99	.322
Attitude related to obesity	71.15±7.74	70.93±7.85	71.57±7.52	-1.25	.213
Sensitivity of obesity	7.48±2.96	6.62±2.82	9.08±2.54	-13.80	＜.001
Seriousness of obesity	9.90±2.90	9.87±3.06	9.95±2.57	-0.42	.672
Benefit of diet and eating habits	11.96±2.62	11.90±2.71	12.06±2.45	-0.91	.363
Barrier of diet and eating habits	12.94±3.11	13.21±3.21	12.44±2.86	3.82	＜.001
Benefit of exercise and activity	13.38±2.14	13.43±2.14	13.27±2.12	1.21	.228
Barrier of exercise and activity	15.50±3.26	15.89±3.26	14.76±3.15	5.33	＜.001
Obesity control behavior	66.86±9.85	67.54±10.12	65.59±9.18	3.05	.002

Table 4.

Predictors of Obesity for the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Predictors	Categories	B	SE	Wald	OR (95%Cl)	p
Period of service (year)	≤1				1.00 (reference)
	≥13 months~＜5	0.40	0.46	0.76	0.67 (0.27~1.64)	.384
	≥5~＜10	0.52	0.47	1.27	1.69 (0.68~4.21)	.259
	≥10~＜20	0.97	0.48	4.04	2.64 (1.02~6.83)	.044
	≥20	1.23	0.54	5.17	3.41 (1.18~9.80)	.023
Place of duty	Forward service	1.30	0.41	10.11	3.65 (1.64~8.11)	.001
	Rear service	1.50	0.42	12.80	4.48 (1.97~10.20)	＜.001
	Special service				1.00 (reference)
Smoking amount per day (pack)	＜1/2				1.00 (reference)	.650
	≥1/2~＜1	0.12	0.27	0.21	0.89 (0.53~1.49)	.006
	≥1	0.97	0.36	7.42	2.64 (1.31~5.32)
Stress	Little	0.70	0.42	2.74	2.02 (0.88~4.65)	.098
	A little	0.42	0.24	3.09	0.66 (0.41~1.05)	.079
	Above normal				1.00 (reference)
Sensitivity of obesity	Above average	1.78	0.24	56.85	5.92 (3.73~9.41)	＜.001
Sensitivity of obesity	Below average				1.00 (reference)

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Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(2):136-147. Published online April 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.2.136

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Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(2):136-147. Published online April 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.2.136

Obesity Status and Predictors of Obesity for Military Executive Members of the Korean Army Personnel

Table 1.

Obesity according to the General & Military-related Characteristics of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Characteristics		Categories	Total	Non-obese (n=668)	Obese (n=358)	χ²	p
Characteristics		Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%)	n (%)	χ²	p
General	Age (year)		31.05±8.23			57.54	＜.001
		≤29	576 (56.1)	429 (64.2)	147 (41.1)
		30~39	266 (25.9)	144 (21.6)	122 (34.1)
		40~49	136 (13.3)	63 (9.4)	73 (20.4)
		≥50	48 (4.7)	32 (4.8)	16 (4.5)
	Gender	Male	969 (94.4)	615 (92.1)	354 (98.9)	20.64	＜.001
	Gender	Female	57 (5.6)	53 (7.9)	4 (1.1)	20.64	＜.001
	Marital status	Married	439 (42.8)	234 (35.0)	205 (57.3)	47.06	＜.001
	Marital status	Single	587 (57.2)	434 (65.0)	153 (42.7)	47.06	＜.001
	Education	High school graduate	203 (19.8)	125 (18.7)	78 (21.8)	3.65	.161
		University graduate	684 (66.7)	459 (68.7)	225 (62.8)
		Graduate school	139 (13.5)	84 (12.6)	55 (15.4)
	Living with family	Yes	425 (41.4)	244 (36.5)	181 (50.6)	18.91	＜.001
	Living with family	No	601 (58.6)	424 (63.5)	177 (49.4)	18.91	＜.001
Military-related	Position	Civilian military employee	30 (2.9)	23 (3.4)	7 (2.0)	15.23	.002
		Non-commissioned officer	597 (58.2)	380 (56.9)	217 (60.6)
		Company officer	297 (28.9)	212 (31.7)	85 (23.7)
		Field officer	102 (9.9)	53 (7.9)	49 (13.7)
	Unit type	Standard division	593 (57.8)	367 (54.9)	226 (63.1)	39.98	＜.000
		Mobilization division	114 (11.1)	69 (10.3)	45 (12.6)
		Headquarter	96 (9.4)	56 (8.4)	40 (11.2)
		Education unit	109 (10.6)	72 (10.8)	37 (10.3)
		Special force	114 (11.1)	104 (10.1)	10 (2.8)
	Place of duty	Forward service	465 (45.3)	290 (43.4)	175 (48.9)	25.30	＜.001
		Rear service	387 (37.7)	236 (35.3)	151 (42.2)
		Special service	174 (17.0)	142 (21.3)	32 (8.9)
	Period of service (year)		98.33±95.43			55.37	＜.001
		≤1	110 (10.7)	87 (13.0)	23 (6.4)
		＞13 months~＜5	371 (36.2)	281 (42.1)	90 (25.1)
		≥5~＜10	252 (24.6)	148 (22.2)	104 (29.1)
		≥10~＜20	178 (17.3)	90 (13.5)	88 (24.6)
		≥20	115 (11.2)	62 (9.3)	53 (14.8)

Table 2.

Obesity according to Life Style of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Characteristics	Categories	Total	Non-obese (n=668)	Obese (n=358)	x²	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Meals per day	≤2 times	399 (38.9)	240 (35.9)	159 (44.4)	9.11	.011
	3 times	553 (53.9)	383 (57.3)	170 (47.5)
	≥4 times	74 (7.2)	45 (6.7)	29 (8.1)
Dining together eating out	≤3 times/months	584 (56.9)	385 (57.6)	199 (55.6)	3.99	.552
Dining together eating out	≥4 times/months	442 (43.1)	283 (42.4)	159 (44.4)	3.99	.552
Excercise per week	≤2 times	422 (41.1)	253 (37.9)	169 (47.2)	20.39	＜.001
	3~4 times	335 (32.7)	210 (31.4)	125 (34.9)
	≥5 times	269 (26.2)	205 (30.7)	64 (17.9)
Watching TV over 3 hours per day	Yes	114 (11.1)	65 (9.7)	49 (13.7)	14.69	.001
	So so	311 (30.3)	183 (27.4)	128 (35.8)
	No	601 (58.6)	420 (62.9)	181 (50.6)
Sleeping hours per night	＜7	720 (70.2)	466 (69.8)	254 (70.9)	0.16	.691
Sleeping hours per night	≥7	300 (29.2)	202 (30.2)	104 (29.1)	0.16	.691
Smoking	No smoking	433 (42.2)	307 (46.0)	126 (35.2)	13.99	.001
	Stop smoking	113 (11.0)	61 (9.1)	52 (14.5)
	Smoking now	480 (46.8)	300 (44.9)	180 (50.3)
Smoking amount per day (n=480)	＜1/2 pack	124 (25.8)	81 (27.0)	43 (23.9)	16.49	＜.001
	≥1/2＜1 pack	276 (57.5)	185 (61.7)	91 (50.5)
	≥1 pack	80 (16.7)	34 (11.3)	46 (25.6)
Drinking alcohol	Nondrinking	306 (29.8)	208 (31.1)	98 (27.4)	1.93	.382
	2~3 times/months	376 (36.6)	244 (36.5)	132 (36.9)
	≥1~2 times/weeks	344 (33.5)	216 (32.3)	128 (35.8)
Stress	Little	89 (8.7)	56 (8.4)	33 (9.2)	13.64	.001
	A little	495 (48.2)	350 (52.4)	145 (40.5)
	Above normal	442 (43.1)	262 (39.2)	180 (50.3)

Table 3.

Obesity according to the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior related to Obesity of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Characteristics	Total score	Non-obese (n=668)	Obese (n=358)	t	p
Characteristics	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Obesity knowledge	22.29±3.80	22.38±3.72	22.13±3.93	0.99	.322
Attitude related to obesity	71.15±7.74	70.93±7.85	71.57±7.52	-1.25	.213
Sensitivity of obesity	7.48±2.96	6.62±2.82	9.08±2.54	-13.80	＜.001
Seriousness of obesity	9.90±2.90	9.87±3.06	9.95±2.57	-0.42	.672
Benefit of diet and eating habits	11.96±2.62	11.90±2.71	12.06±2.45	-0.91	.363
Barrier of diet and eating habits	12.94±3.11	13.21±3.21	12.44±2.86	3.82	＜.001
Benefit of exercise and activity	13.38±2.14	13.43±2.14	13.27±2.12	1.21	.228
Barrier of exercise and activity	15.50±3.26	15.89±3.26	14.76±3.15	5.33	＜.001
Obesity control behavior	66.86±9.85	67.54±10.12	65.59±9.18	3.05	.002

Table 4.

Predictors of Obesity for the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Predictors	Categories	B	SE	Wald	OR (95%Cl)	p
Period of service (year)	≤1				1.00 (reference)
	≥13 months~＜5	0.40	0.46	0.76	0.67 (0.27~1.64)	.384
	≥5~＜10	0.52	0.47	1.27	1.69 (0.68~4.21)	.259
	≥10~＜20	0.97	0.48	4.04	2.64 (1.02~6.83)	.044
	≥20	1.23	0.54	5.17	3.41 (1.18~9.80)	.023
Place of duty	Forward service	1.30	0.41	10.11	3.65 (1.64~8.11)	.001
	Rear service	1.50	0.42	12.80	4.48 (1.97~10.20)	＜.001
	Special service				1.00 (reference)
Smoking amount per day (pack)	＜1/2				1.00 (reference)	.650
	≥1/2~＜1	0.12	0.27	0.21	0.89 (0.53~1.49)	.006
	≥1	0.97	0.36	7.42	2.64 (1.31~5.32)
Stress	Little	0.70	0.42	2.74	2.02 (0.88~4.65)	.098
	A little	0.42	0.24	3.09	0.66 (0.41~1.05)	.079
	Above normal				1.00 (reference)
Sensitivity of obesity	Above average	1.78	0.24	56.85	5.92 (3.73~9.41)	＜.001
Sensitivity of obesity	Below average				1.00 (reference)

Table 1. Obesity according to the General & Military-related Characteristics of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Table 2. Obesity according to Life Style of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Table 3. Obesity according to the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior related to Obesity of the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

Table 4. Predictors of Obesity for the Korean Army Military Executive Members (N=1,026)

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