Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

Jae Ok Sim

doi:10.7469/kjan.2016.28.5.491

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Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

Jae Ok Sim, MSN, RN

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2016;28(5):491-500.
Published online: October 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2016.28.5.491

¹Nurse, Dong-eui Medical Center, Busan, Korea

Corresponding author: Sim, Jae Ok Dong-eui Medical Center, 62 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Korea. Tel: +82-51-867-5101, Fax: +82-51-867-5162, E-mail: judy0091@hanmail.net

• Received: April 13, 2016 • Accepted: October 24, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistive exercise using an elastic band on range of motion, function and shoulder pain.
Methods
Forty two subjects who had rotator cuff surgery were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group, twenty one each. Following a six week period after surgery those in the treatment group participated in resistant exercise using an elastic band for four weeks. The subjects in the comparison group did not participate in the exercise program. The goniometer measured range of motion, a modified tool measured function, and a self report numerical rating scale measured pain. The data were analyzed using x² test, Fisher's exact, t-test and the Mann-Whitney Test.
Results
Although not statistically significant, there was a trend that more subjects in the treatment group had increased range of motion. There was a statistically significance among the treatment group in terms of increased function (p=.015). Further the treatment group reported less pain that those in the comparison group (p<.001).
Conclusion
The findings support that resistance exercise is an effective strategy for patients with rotator cuff repair.
Key Words: Rotator cuff repair; Exercise therapy; Range of motion; Pain

Table 1.

Elastic Band Exercise Contents

Stage of resistance exercise	Exercise type	Times	Frequency	Duration
Stage 1	Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction	15 × 3 times	3/week	2 weeks (POD 42~55 days)
Stage 2	Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation	15 × 3 times	3/week	2 weeks (POD 56~69 days)

Table 2.

General Characteristics (N=42)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=21)	Cont. (n=21)	x² or Fisher or U	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or Fisher or U	p
Age (year)		54.7±7.6	55.7±10.0	476.00^†	.545
Gender	Male	8 (38.1)	9 (42.9)	0.10^‡	1.000
Gender	Female	13 (61.9)	12 (57.1)	0.10^‡	1.000
Marital status	Single	1 (4.8)	1 (4.8)	0.00^‡	1.000
Marital status	Married	20 (95.2)	20 (95.2)	0.00^‡	1.000
Occupation	Yes	10 (47.6)	10 (47.6)	0.00^‡	1.000
Occupation	No	11 (52.4)	11 (52.4)	0.00^‡	1.000
Education level	≤Junior high school	6 (28.6)	6 (28.6)	1.12^§	1.000
	High school	8 (38.1)	8 (38.1)
	≥College	7 (33.3)	7 (33.3)
Periods of pain (month)	＜6	13 (61.9)	11 (52.4)	0.54^‡	.828
	6~＜12	6 (28.6)	7 (33.3)
	12~＜36	2 (9.5)	3 (14.3)
Preoperative treatment	Medication	16 (76.2)	13 (61.9)	1.40^§	.776
	Physiotherapy	2 (9.5)	1 (4.8)
	Herbal healing	0 (0.0)	1 (4.8)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^†Man-Whitney U test;

^‡x

²test;

^§Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=42)

Variables	Categories	Exp. (n=21)	Cont. (n=21)	p
Variables	Categories	M±SD	M±SD	p
Range of motion	Flexion	101.19±35.81	89.05±38.69	.297
	Extension	40.24±7.33	32.38±9.30	.004
	Adduction	26.67±10.65	25.00±8.66	.540^†
	Abduction	83.57±28.42	73.33±29.04	.255
	Internal rotation	24.52±12.54	21.43±13.15	.429^†
	External rotation	39.05±23.33	32.14±20.53	.426^†
Function		15.19±9.543	12.80±9.031	.428^†
Pain		4.57±1.83	4.33±1.85	.662^†

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^†Man-Whitney U test.

Table 4.

Differences in Range of Motion, Function and Pain between the Experimental and Control Group (N=42)

Variables	Categories	Group	Pretest	Posttest	Difference	p
Variables	Categories	Group	M±SD	M±SD	M±S	p
Range of motion	Flexion	Exp. (n=21)	101.19±35.81	163.81±19.93	62.62±27.64	.034^†
	Flexion	Cont. (n=21)	89.05±38.69	138.10±24.37	49.05±32.70	.034^†
	Extension	Exp. (n=21)	40.24±7.33	56.19±5.68	15.95±6.45	.154^†
	Extension	Cont. (n=21)	32.38±9.30	45.95±5.84	13.57±7.44	.154^†
	Adduction	Exp. (n=21)	26.67±10.65	42.86±3.73	16.19±9.86	.474^†
	Adduction	Cont. (n=21)	25.00±8.66	40.71±5.54	15.71±8.84	.474^†
	Abduction	Exp. (n=21)	83.57±28.42	153.57±30.26	70.00±22.64	＜.001
	Abduction	Cont. (n=21)	73.33±29.04	116.67±25.61	43.33±20.33	＜.001
	Internal rotation	Exp. (n=21)	24.52±12.54	62.62±44.52	38.10±11.78	＜.001
	Internal rotation	Cont. (n=21)	21.43±13.15	44.52±16.35	23.10±12.70	＜.001
	External rotation	Exp. (n=21)	39.05±23.33	82.38±12.21	43.33±21.70	.031
	External rotation	Cont. (n=21)	32.14±20.53	63.81±21.50	31.67±17.27	.031
Function		Exp. (n=21)	15.19±9.54	34.43±7.42	19.24±8.01	.015
Function		Cont. (n=21)	12.80±9.03	26.67±6.19	13.86±7.45	.015
Pain		Exp. (n=21)	4.57±1.83	2.76±1.38	-1.81±1.44	＜.001^†
Pain		Cont. (n=21)	4.33±1.85	4.19±1.33	-0.14±1.56	＜.001^†

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^†Man-Whitney U test.

REFERENCES

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5.Park SYThe effect of shoulder stabilizing exercise on pain, function, and range os motion for rotator cuff repair patient [master's thesis]. Chungiu: Korea Transportation National University; 2013.
6.Kim JH. Rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair. Journal of Korean Arthrocopy Society. 2008;12(2):82-6.
7.Kim YK, Jin YS. Range of motion, stretching, and aerobic exercise in accelerated rehabilita on of knee and shoulder. Journal of Korean Orthropedic Sports Medicine. 2004;2(1):56-71.
8.Jang JHTherapeutic exercise. Seoul: Yeong Moon Publishing Company; 2010.
9.Kisner C, Colby LATherapeutic exercise: foundation and techniques. 3rd ed.. New York: F.A Davis Company; 2001.
10.Kim HS, Lee CH. The evaluation of active daily living after patients had stroke. The Journal of Korean Academy of Physical Therapist. 2003;10(1):30-7.
11.Han SS, Her JJ, Kim YJ. Effect of muscle strengthening exercise using thera band on lower limb function of hemiplegic stroke patients. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2007;37(6):844-54.
12.Wingate L. Efficacy of physical therapy for patients who have undergone mastectomies: A prospective study. Journal of the American Physical Therapy. 1985;65(6):896-900.
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Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(5):491-500. Published online October 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.5.491

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Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2016;28(5):491-500. Published online October 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.5.491

Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

Table 1.

Elastic Band Exercise Contents

Stage of resistance exercise	Exercise type	Times	Frequency	Duration
Stage 1	Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction	15 × 3 times	3/week	2 weeks (POD 42~55 days)
Stage 2	Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation	15 × 3 times	3/week	2 weeks (POD 56~69 days)

Table 2.

General Characteristics (N=42)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=21)	Cont. (n=21)	x² or Fisher or U	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or Fisher or U	p
Age (year)		54.7±7.6	55.7±10.0	476.00^†	.545
Gender	Male	8 (38.1)	9 (42.9)	0.10^‡	1.000
Gender	Female	13 (61.9)	12 (57.1)	0.10^‡	1.000
Marital status	Single	1 (4.8)	1 (4.8)	0.00^‡	1.000
Marital status	Married	20 (95.2)	20 (95.2)	0.00^‡	1.000
Occupation	Yes	10 (47.6)	10 (47.6)	0.00^‡	1.000
Occupation	No	11 (52.4)	11 (52.4)	0.00^‡	1.000
Education level	≤Junior high school	6 (28.6)	6 (28.6)	1.12^§	1.000
	High school	8 (38.1)	8 (38.1)
	≥College	7 (33.3)	7 (33.3)
Periods of pain (month)	＜6	13 (61.9)	11 (52.4)	0.54^‡	.828
	6~＜12	6 (28.6)	7 (33.3)
	12~＜36	2 (9.5)	3 (14.3)
Preoperative treatment	Medication	16 (76.2)	13 (61.9)	1.40^§	.776
	Physiotherapy	2 (9.5)	1 (4.8)
	Herbal healing	0 (0.0)	1 (4.8)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^†Man-Whitney U test;

^‡x

²test;

^§Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=42)

Variables	Categories	Exp. (n=21)	Cont. (n=21)	p
Variables	Categories	M±SD	M±SD	p
Range of motion	Flexion	101.19±35.81	89.05±38.69	.297
	Extension	40.24±7.33	32.38±9.30	.004
	Adduction	26.67±10.65	25.00±8.66	.540^†
	Abduction	83.57±28.42	73.33±29.04	.255
	Internal rotation	24.52±12.54	21.43±13.15	.429^†
	External rotation	39.05±23.33	32.14±20.53	.426^†
Function		15.19±9.543	12.80±9.031	.428^†
Pain		4.57±1.83	4.33±1.85	.662^†

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^†Man-Whitney U test.

Table 4.

Differences in Range of Motion, Function and Pain between the Experimental and Control Group (N=42)

Variables	Categories	Group	Pretest	Posttest	Difference	p
Variables	Categories	Group	M±SD	M±SD	M±S	p
Range of motion	Flexion	Exp. (n=21)	101.19±35.81	163.81±19.93	62.62±27.64	.034^†
	Flexion	Cont. (n=21)	89.05±38.69	138.10±24.37	49.05±32.70	.034^†
	Extension	Exp. (n=21)	40.24±7.33	56.19±5.68	15.95±6.45	.154^†
	Extension	Cont. (n=21)	32.38±9.30	45.95±5.84	13.57±7.44	.154^†
	Adduction	Exp. (n=21)	26.67±10.65	42.86±3.73	16.19±9.86	.474^†
	Adduction	Cont. (n=21)	25.00±8.66	40.71±5.54	15.71±8.84	.474^†
	Abduction	Exp. (n=21)	83.57±28.42	153.57±30.26	70.00±22.64	＜.001
	Abduction	Cont. (n=21)	73.33±29.04	116.67±25.61	43.33±20.33	＜.001
	Internal rotation	Exp. (n=21)	24.52±12.54	62.62±44.52	38.10±11.78	＜.001
	Internal rotation	Cont. (n=21)	21.43±13.15	44.52±16.35	23.10±12.70	＜.001
	External rotation	Exp. (n=21)	39.05±23.33	82.38±12.21	43.33±21.70	.031
	External rotation	Cont. (n=21)	32.14±20.53	63.81±21.50	31.67±17.27	.031
Function		Exp. (n=21)	15.19±9.54	34.43±7.42	19.24±8.01	.015
Function		Cont. (n=21)	12.80±9.03	26.67±6.19	13.86±7.45	.015
Pain		Exp. (n=21)	4.57±1.83	2.76±1.38	-1.81±1.44	＜.001^†
Pain		Cont. (n=21)	4.33±1.85	4.19±1.33	-0.14±1.56	＜.001^†

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

^†Man-Whitney U test.

Table 1. Elastic Band Exercise Contents

Table 2. General Characteristics (N=42)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

†

Man-Whitney U test;

‡

test;

Fisher's exact test.

Table 3. Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=42)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

†

Man-Whitney U test.

Table 4. Differences in Range of Motion, Function and Pain between the Experimental and Control Group (N=42)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

†

Man-Whitney U test.

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Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair

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