Purpose
This study involved a meta-synthesis of qualitative research concerning the experiences of women with infertility and infertility treatments. Based on an analysis of emotional changes and adaptation processes, it aimed to propose an interaction model encompassing expectation, loss, and resilience and clarify the conceptual meaning of each component.
Methods
Thomas and Harden’s five-step qualitative meta-synthesis methodology was employed. A total of 22 studies published between 2014 and 2024 were comprehensively analyzed and synthesized. The findings were integrated into a model representing the experiences of women undergoing infertility and infertility treatments.
Results
The meta-synthesis identified six key themes: changes in identity and inner growth; strengthening resilience through the roles of spouses, family, and peers; strategies for recovery and growth; support systems amidst economic and social burdens; life in the tension of waiting and hope; and the reconfiguration of couple and family relationships. Based on these themes, a dynamic interaction model, named the Model of Psychological Changes and Resilience (PCR Model), was developed to illustrate the interrelationships among expectation, loss, and resilience. The conceptual implications of these relationships were also explicated.
Conclusion
The cyclical interplay between expectation and loss among women experiencing infertility is intensified by social ideologies and cultural contexts, while resilience is strengthened through overcoming distress and finding meaning in life. Further quantitative research is necessary to validate these relationships in clinical settings by obtaining empirical data that apply this model.

Purpose
This study aimed to confirm the relationship between supportive care needs and resilience of female genital cancer patients, and to investigate the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between supportive care needs and quality of life.
Methods
This study was conducted with 105 outpatients and inpatients who were receiving treatment for female genital cancer at K University Hospital in B City. Data were collected from July 22, 2021 to August 17, 2021 and analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The correlation between the patients’ supportive care needs, resilience, and quality of life was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS Process Macro was used for the significance of parameter indirect effects.
Results
The quality of life of female genital cancer patients showed a significant negative correlation with supportive care needs (r=-.68, p<.001), and a significant positive correlation with resilience (r=.53, p<.001). Moreover, resilience partially mediated the relationship between supportive care needs and quality of life (95% CI -0.009~-0.032).
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, improving the resilience of female genital cancer patients may act as an additional coping strategy to reduce supportive care needs and establish an enhanced quality of life.

Citations

• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34 for Patients With Cancer: A Methodological Study
  Eun Ji Park, Hye Young Kim, Ju-Hee Nho, Eun Ko, Allison W. Boyes
  Asian Nursing Research.2025; 19(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the supportive care needs of female patients with genital cancer in South Korea
  Yu-Jung Son, Keum-Hee Nam, JaeLan Shim
  Medicine.2023; 102(51): e36650.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate resilience and its mediating effect on the association between symptom distress and depression among recurrent gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
METHODS
A purposive sample of 113 patients diagnosed with recurrent gynecologic cancer was recruited. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire from September to November 2014.
RESULTS
There was a positive correlation between symptom distress and depression. Negative correlational relationships were found between symptom distress and resilience and between resilience and depression. Resilience showed a partial mediating effect between symptom distress and depression (Z=2.34, p=.019).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the negative effects of symptom distress on depression can be reduced by improving the resilience. Further, it is necessary to explore the multidimensional constructs of resilience and develop intervention programs that can improve the resilience among recurrent gynecologic cancer patients.

Citations

• Mediating Effect of Resilience between Supportive Care Needs and Quality of Life of Female Genital Cancer Patients
  Yu-Jung Son, Keum-Hee Nam
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(3): 269.     CrossRef
• Symptoms, resilience, coping, and psychosocial adjustment in women with gynaecological cancer in South Korea: A cross sectional study
  Sun Young Yu, Ju-Hee Nho, Mi Hyun Jung, Hyun Yi Kim, Hyun Jin An, Hyun Ah Choi
  European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 56: 102097.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life according to the stages of survivorship in patients with female genital neoplasm.
METHODS
Data were collected from August 1st, 2011 to September 31st 2011 from 142 gynecologic cancer patients who completed treatment or were treated at an out-patient clinic. The instrument were HPLP developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender, PTGI developed by Tedeschi & Calhoun, and Korean C-QOL.
RESULTS
Health promotion behavior scores were significantly higher in the acute survival stage than the extended survival stage. Post-traumatic growth score was higher in the acute survival stage than the extended survival stage. The quality of life scores were higher in the lasting survival stage than the extended survival stage.
CONCLUSION
Gynecological cancer patients in the extended survival stage reported low scores of health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life. Intervention needed to be developed to improve health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life for patients with female genital neoplasm in the extended survival stage.

Citations

• Impact of Stigma, Social Support, and Resilience on Post-traumatic Growth among Patients with Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Ga-Eul Park, Heekyung Chang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(1): 13.     CrossRef
• A Comparative Study of Symptoms, Social Support, and Quality of Life at Different Survival Stages of Lung Cancer Patients
  jinseon Heo, Youngsuk Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(1): 128.     CrossRef
• Cancer Coping, Family Support, and Posttraumatic Growth in Female Genital Cancer Patients
  Hee Nam An, Jeong Hye Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2023; 23(1): 38.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Mental Health Problems in Female Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study
  So Young Kim, Yeonju Lee, Sang Baek Koh
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8615.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting the health-promoting behavior of thyroid cancer survivors: comparison by stage of cancer survivorship
  Kyung Ah Park, Sanghee Kim, Eui Geum Oh, Heejung Kim, Hang-Seok Chang, Soo Hyun Kim
  Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(4): 3429.     CrossRef
• Do spouse burden of care, family resilience, and coping affect family function in gynecologic cancer in Korea?: a cross-sectional study
  Minkyung Kim, Sukhee Ahn
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(3): 197.     CrossRef
• Unmet Needs and Sexual Distress of Gynecological Cancer Patients according to the Period after Initial Treatment
  Yeon Hee Bae, Jeong Sook Park
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2021; 21(4): 221.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing posttraumatic growth in ovarian cancer survivors
  Jeong Min Oh, Yoonjung Kim, Yeunhee Kwak
  Supportive Care in Cancer.2021; 29(4): 2037.     CrossRef
• Impact of Posttraumatic Growth and Health Promoting Behavior on Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
  Mi-Ae Kim, Hyun-Ju Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(1): 32.     CrossRef
• Posttraumatic Growth and Health Promotion Behavior in Patients with Cancer: The Mediating Effect of Spiritual Well-Being
  Shunji Piao, Pok Ja Oh
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2021; 21(1): 33.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
  Sun Jeong Yun, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 409.     CrossRef
• Mediation Effects of Basic Psychological Needs Between Autonomy Support from Healthcare Providers and Self-Management Among Cancer Survivors
  Eun-Jung Bae, Yun-Hee Kim
  Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2019; 10(6): 385.     CrossRef
• Psychosocial Adjustment in Korean Colorectal Cancer Survivors
  Hyejin Sun, Jia Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(5): 545.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Post-Traumatic Growth, Trauma Experience and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Nurses
  Sook Lee, Mun Gyeong Gwon, YeonJung Kim
  Korean Journal of Stress Research.2018; 26(1): 31.     CrossRef
• Experience of Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Patients
  Nayeon Shin, Jiyoung Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2017; 17(3): 158.     CrossRef
• A Comparison of Symptoms, Depression, and Quality of Life according to Stages of Survivorship in Lung Cancer Patients
  Yoon Jung Chae, Jeong Sook Park
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2017; 17(2): 79.     CrossRef
• Influences of Uncertainty and Social Support on the Quality of Life among Elderly Cancer Patients
  Kyung Ok Kim, Jung A Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2017; 17(3): 180.     CrossRef
• Aspects of Health-Related Factors and Nutritional Care Needs by Survival Stage among Female Cancer Patients in South Korea
  Yoonsun Lee, Hyunsoo Shin, Eunjoo Bae, Hyunjung Lim, Pei-Yi Chu
  PLOS ONE.2016; 11(10): e0163281.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Distress and Body Image according to the Stages of Cancer Survivorship in Gynecological Cancer Patients
  Jeong Sook Park, Hye Ran Lee
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(1): 15.     CrossRef
• The relation between comprehensive health needs of cancer patient and the quality of life
  Hyung-Won Baik, Myung Kim
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(12): 477.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Posttraumatic Growth and Meaning in Life on Health Promotion Behavior in Cancer Patients
  Sun-Hee Jang, Hae-Rang Lee, Hyung-Nam Yeu, Soon-Ock Choi
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(2): 100.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to categorize and to understand the structure of subjectivity in the gender role identity of older female adults. The perception of gender role identity is subjective and varies according to the uniqueness of individual experiences and the value of social culture.
METHODS
Q-methodology, a technique for extracting subjective opinions was used. In 2010, forty participants completed the Q-sort activity, rating each statement relative to the others. The Q sample has two categories, representing masculinity and femininity, and each category has 20 statements, resulting in 40 adjectives.
RESULTS
Using the Q factor analysis, three classifications were identified: 'caring-affectionate type,', 'assertive-confident type,' and 'sensitive-affectionate type.' Despite the differences among the three types in this research, elderly females are likely to have the understanding and patience to comfort others and care for the children.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study revealed new dimensional types of gender role identity and raise the issue of why we need to develop methods for the new dimensional types. Based on the results, further research is needed to compare the findings with those of older males or with women of different age groups.

Citations

• Perceptions on Gender Role Identity in Male and Female Adolescents
  Sung-Hee KO, Euna PARK
  JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2018; 30(1): 116.     CrossRef
• Practical Issues of Conducting a Q Methodology Study
  Teresa Elizabeth Stone, Jane Maguire, Sook Jung Kang, Chiyoung Cha
  Advances in Nursing Science.2017; 40(3): 291.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Parenting Styles and Gender Role Identity in College Students
  Yi-Ching Lin, Robert E. Billingham
  Psychological Reports.2014; 114(1): 250.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study examined relationships among stress, stress coping strategies, and somatization in mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families in a rural area.
METHODS
Elderly mothers-in-law (n=227) living with foreign daughters-in-law completed a self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from April to August 2009. Questions related to stress (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), coping strategies (Coping Strategy Scale) for stress, and somatization (Symptom Check List 90, Revised). SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
Subjects had a moderate level of stress (5.03). There were significant differences in stress level according to age, educational level, religion, chronic disease, health status, number of children, agreement of an international marriage of her sons, satisfaction in living with a foreign daughter-in-law, and family conflict. Stress showed a significant positive correlation with offensive coping strategy, passive strategy, and somatization. Stress, offensive coping strategy, and passive coping strategy affected the level of somatization.
CONCLUSION
In a family situation involving co-habitation of mother- and foreign daughter-in-law, increased stress experienced by the mother-in-law can lead to increased offensive and passive coping strategies, and increased somatization. More effective means of stress reduction are needed for mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families.

PURPOSE
the purposes of this study were: to contribute to maintaining and promoting health for female college students by identifying their body weight control behaviors and the Affecting factors; and, to serve as a basis for the development of weight control programs to orient their weight management to a desirable direction specifically for those who have low or normal body weight but still practice body weight control in a way that is neither useful nor desirable. METHOD: The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The main predictive factors affecting body weight control was 'between - meal snack', 'family support', 'satisfaction with their diet', 'possession of secret method for weight loss', 'body image', 'satisfaction with university life', and 'interest in weight control'. CONCLUSION: It may be necessary to develope educational programs on weight control for female collegians in consideration of affecting body weight control behavior.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this Study was to identify the factors that affect the caregiving burdens felt by the female family caregivers and quality of caregiving. METHOD: The subjects were 247 female family caregivers who were living with the elderly and were residing in Seoul. Data was collected from June 30, 2000 to Agust 11 by using questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchial multiple regression with SAS/PC. RESULT: Situational factors had the greatest influence on the caregiving burdens. While the interactive factors of discrepancy between past and present image of elder and the caregiving belief were proven to be significant, the former had greater influence. The factors affecting the quality of caregiving, this is greatly influenced by situational factors and interactive factors. The discrepancy between past and present image of elder had relatively little influence while caregiving belief had the greatest influence. Among the situational factors, family stress had the greatest influence, while the caregiving burdens had little influence on the quality of caregiving. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the quality of caregiving in elderly by the female caregiver in the family, and to reduce the caregiving burdens, it is important to consider variables related to interaction as well as those directly concerned with caregiver and the elderly for nursing intervention.

PURPOSE
The Purposes of this study were to examine the effects of Koryo-Sooji-Chim (30minutes * 2times/week * 2weeks) on menstrual pain and menstrual symptoms of female university students with dysmenorrhea. METHOD: The subjects were 22 female students with dysmenorrhea, 12 experimental group, 10 control group, studying at K university in Chungnam province. The data were collected through questionnaires from September 1st to November 30th 2003 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, X2-test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test. RESULT: 1. The menstrual pain scores were significantly different between the two groups(U=16.0, p=.001). 2. The menstrual symptom scores were significantly different between the two groups(U=28.5, p=.038). CONCLUSION: These findings showed that Koryo-Sooji-Chim was effective related to menstrual pain and menstrual symptoms of female university students with dysmenorrhea. Koryo-Sooji-Chim during dysmenorrhea could be applied as an effective nursing intervention.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to analyze the correlation on body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy of Female Students in College.
METHOD
The research population included convenience sample of 696 subjects composed of Female Students in College. Data collection was done from July, 2002 to October, 2002 using a written inquiry. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.
RESULT
The results of this study were as follows: 1. The relationship among body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy were found to have statistically significant positive correlations. 2. The difference of body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy according to the characteristics in subjects were found to have statistically significancy of grade, age, personality and degree of adaptation. The difference of body image according to the monthly income of the family was found to be statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
There is a significant correlation between grade, age, personality, and monthly income. Further study needs to be done to validate this study and develop degrees of adaptation to improve body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy.

The purpose of the study was to investigate social support, depression, drinking and smoking in college and working females. The convenience sample consisted of 169 college females and 133 working females. Data were collected from March to May, 2000. Social support was measured by the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire which assesses the size of the emotional social support network and satisfaction with social support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was utilized to measure the level of depression symptoms. The average number of drinks and cigarettes smoked per week during the previous month was assessed. Results indicated that college students had more social support than working females. However, there were no significant differences in satisfaction with their support, depression, drinking and smoking between two groups. College females who smoked cigarettes were more depressed and had less social support than those who did not smoke. Also college females who drank alcohol were more depressed than those who did not drink during the previous month. However, the level of social support and depression were not associated with drinking and smoking among working females. Based on the results, it is suggested the application of various interventions to deal with drinking and smoking behavior among college and working females.

The purpose of the study was to investigate Body Mass Index (BMI), the perception of weight problem and the level of self-esteem and depression in high school and college females. The convenience sample consisted of 303 high school females and 481 college females. Data were collected between November 1999 and December 1999. Subjects ranged in age from 15 years and 26 years. BMI was calculated based on the subject's self-reported body weight and height. Self-perception of having a weight problem was evaluated by a single item question. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were utilized to measure the level of self-esteem and depression symptoms. BMI mean scores were 19.92 and 19.83 in high school females and college females, respectively. Based on BMI, 79.2 percent of high school females and 85.2 percent of college females were in a normal weight range. Only 2.6 percent of high school females and 1.5 percent college females were obese. Both high school and college females perceived their body weight problem as moderately severe. The mean scores of depression were 20.33 in high school females and 21.69 in college females. Sixty percent of high school females were depressed and 73.4 percent of college students. There was no significant difference between two groups in BMI. However, high school females perceived their weight problem more severe than college females. College females had higher levels of self-esteem and depression than high school females. BMI and perceptions of weight problem revealed a positive relationship in both groups. Results of the study revealed that a perception of weight problem contributed significantly to predict the level of self-esteem and depression in both groups. BMI score had significant effect on only college females' self-esteem. In the study, even though the mean score of BMI was in a normal range, subjects perceived their weight problems as moderatley severe. Since the perception of a weight problem influenced the level of self-esteem and depression, health care providers need to teach them about the normal weight range in BMI criteria.

This study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms in the female students in a longitudinal design. The subjects who participated in this study were 97 female nursing students (in the analysis of data after 1 year). The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, stress (43 items), hardiness(25 items), and physical symptoms(35 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean and hierarchical multiple regression with the SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Main effects of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms was found. 2) The stress buffering effects of hardiness were not found.