PURPOSE
This study was to develop and test the resilience scale for Korean nursing college students.
METHODS
The initial 82 items (7 factors) were developed through literature review and student interviews. Items were reduced to 55 items through content validity test by 5 experts and face validity tests by 20 nursing students. The preliminary Resilience Scale for Korean Nursing Students (RS_KNS) was administered to 302 nursing students of 4 universities in Chungnam. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha.
RESULTS
Twenty-four items were selected for the final scale. Seven factors evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 61.9% of the total variance. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was .84 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .60 to .77.
CONCLUSION
The resilience scale for Korean nursing college students demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the resilience of nursing college students and is expected to get utilized in teaching and research.

Citations

• Resilience of nursing students: A concept analysis study
  Sunghee Park, Mi-Young Choi
  Nurse Education Today.2025; 144: 106463.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Nursing Students’ Practice Transition Shock, Resilience, and Professional Self-concept on Career Identity
  Sein Ryu
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(2): 153.     CrossRef
• Effects of Emotional Regulation, Resilience, and Distress Disclosure on Post-Traumatic Growth in Nursing Students
  Kyungmi Kim, Jongeun Lee, Jaeyeon Yoon
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2782.     CrossRef
• Development and testing of the university student resilience scale
  Thomas Mueller
  Journal of American College Health.2023; 71(3): 967.     CrossRef
• Turkish adaptation of the resilience scale for nurses: A validity and reliability study
  Süleyman Ü. Şenocak, Fatma Demirkıran, Tarık Totan
  Nurse Education Today.2021; 107: 105108.     CrossRef
• Development and psychometric properties of the Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory (NSARI): A mixed-method study
  Tayyebeh Ali-Abadi, Abbas Ebadi, Hamid Sharif Nia, Mohsen Soleimani, Ali Asghar Ghods, Paola Gremigni
  PLOS ONE.2021; 16(6): e0252473.     CrossRef
• The mediating effects on the relationship between campus life adaptation and clinical competence
  Sunghee Park, Miyoung Choi, Sookhee Lee
  Nurse Education Today.2019; 72: 67.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Emotional Labor and Resilience on Clinical Competency in Nursing Students
  Eun Mi Park, Yeoungsuk Song
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(3): 357.     CrossRef
• Effect of Incivility, Resilience, and Social Support Experienced by Nursing Students on Burnout in Clinical Practice
  Eun Jung Lee, Mi-Hae Sung, Hye-Kyong Ahn, Yun Ah Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(1): 86.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Subjective Happiness in Korean Nursing Students
  Eun Man Kim, Young Hee Yang, Haeyoung Lee, Mi Yu
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(3): 294.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
In this study the literature of compassion fatigue in nurses was reviewed in order to analyze the trends of overall research for level of fatigue, symptoms, and factors.
METHODS
For this study, five databases were searched using the key words 'compassion fatigue', 'secondary traumatization', 'secondary traumatic stress', and 'vicarious traumatization'. Thirty-six papers were analyzed.
RESULTS
Most of the compassion fatigue research (86%) was conducted between 2006 and 2011 and the most frequent research approach was quantitative research with the ProQOL which was the most frequently used instrument in the studies. He research was conducted in pediatric, emergency & trauma, oncology, psychiatric, and hospice units with no consistent patterns of t compassion fatigue levels. Factors affecting compassion fatigue were personal factors such as age, education background, work-related factors such as caring for trauma patients, work hours, psychological factors such as work stress, burnout, and support/coping factors such as organizational support, and coping resources.
CONCLUSION
Nurses' compassion fatigue varied from low to high by nursing specialties. Many factors affected the compassion fatigue of nurses. In the future there is a need for study on Korean nurses, and identification of groups at risk for compassion fatigue. Furthermore there is a need to develop management programs on compassion fatigue in nurses, stress reduction and wellbeing.

PURPOSE
This study investigated the degree of acculturation stress among North Korean Defectors and the coping method that they used to deal with it.
METHODS
Ninety-nine participants of this study were North Korean Defectors in Seoul and Daejeon. The tools of survey for this study were acculturation stress and stress-coping.
RESULTS
The score for acculturation stress among North Korean Defectors was 2.97+/-0.47 which was a moderate level of stress. The score of problem-solving coping was 3.10+/-0.47 and emotional coping got 2.85+/-0.52. On acculturation stress, there were higher scores among people who were old-aged, married, low educational levels, dissatisfied with job, low monthly income, and living alone. On problem-solving coping, there were higher score among people who have jobs. Regarding emotional coping, there were higher score in people who have jobs, dissatisfaction with job, and living alone. The higher the problem-solving coping skill, the less the acculturation stress.
CONCLUSION
Reducing of acculturation stress and increasing adaptation mechanism of North Korean Defectors are very important due to the results of this study. Therefore, adaptation programs like psycho-social counseling should be created for North Korean Defectors.

PURPOSE
This study investigated the effects of a 'overcoming cancer program' on knowledge, self efficacy, and quality of life, therapeutic compliance for patients with lung cancer.
METHOD
Research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Subjects for this study were 16 lung cancer patients for the control group, and 12 lung cancer patients for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the program once a week for 4 weeks. Data were collected before and after the program. Nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The results of this study were as follows: In the pretest, there were no significant differences in general characteristics, knowledge, self efficacy and quality of life between the two groups. In the posttest, there were significant differences in knowledge, self efficacy between the experimental and the control groups. But there were no significant differences in therapeutic compliance and quality of life between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
From the results above, it can be concluded that program was effective to improve knowledge and self-efficacy for patients with lung cancer.

PURPOSE
This study investigated the effect of a structured group intervention on knowledge about lung cancer, self efficacy and quality of life for family caregivers of patients with lung cancer using a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design.
METHODS
Subjects were 11 family caregivers for both the control and the experimental group. The experimental group participated in once a week for 2-hour session for 4 weeks. Four topics of educational program were lung cancer and treatment, side effects of treatments, symptoms management, and health management. Every session consisted of lecture, sharing experiences, and meditating time. Quality of life was measured using Jang(1996)'s tool. The tools for knowledge and self-efficacy were developed by the authors.
RESULTS
After the intervention, the experimental group showed higher self-efficacy in caring for the patients than did the controls. However, there were no significant differences in knowledge about lung cancer and quality of life between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Findings indicate that the group intervention would be effective for family caregivers of lung cancer patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue and quality of life as well as to determine the relationship between those variables and identify the influencing factors on fatigue and quality of life in stomach cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
METHOD
Subjects were 94 stomach cancer patients undergoing postoperational chemotherapy in a general hospital in Seoul. Nausea and vomiting were measured with Rhodes et al(1984) and anorexia with one 5-point item. Fatigue was measured using Lee's tool(1999) except open questions. The tool for quality of life was modified based on the Quality of Life Index by Padilla et al(1983).
RESULT
Subjects reported low level of fatigue(mean=3.86, range=0-10) compared with the results of previous researches and moderate quality of life(mean=2.64, range=1-4). Fatigue was positively correlated with nausea, vomiting and anorexia(r=.21 ~ .55, p<.05). Quality of life was negatively correlated with nausea, vomiting, anorexia(r= -.24 ~ -.45, p<.05) and fatigue (r=-.61, p<.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that activity level, vomiting before admission, anorexia during chemotherapy and age explained 52.8% of the variance in fatigue. Fatigue, anorexia before admission, age and sex explained 50.5% of the variance in quality of life. Fatigue and quality of life were not influenced by the stage of disease, nor weight change.
CONCLUSION
These results may contribute to a better understanding of how much the side effects of anticancer drugs can affect fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Also it is the remarkable fact that symptoms remaining after discharge such as vomiting or anorexia continued until re-admission, contributing to patients fatigue and lowered their quality of life.

Cancer has been the leading cause of death in this country and produces high levels of stress not only in the patients themselves but also in their families. Caregiving during serious illness is a new experience for many family caregivers and social support and coping strategies have been found to reduce unfavorable health outcomes to stressful events such as cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the relationship of caregiving stress, coping methods, social support, and health in caregivers of patients with cancer according to the phases of cancer illness. The subjects were 92 primary cargivers of cancer patients based on their phases of illness that consisted of 1st (initial) stage, 2nd (metastatic or recurring) stage, 3rd (terminal) stage recruited from two general hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam. The mean age of subjects was 39.1 years and 64.1% of subjects were female and 72.8% were married. The relationships to the patient were children(50%) or spouses (45.7%). According as the phase of illness progressed, caregiver's stress rose higher and their health got worse but coping methods and social support did not show a significant change. In the 1st stage the major predictors for the health of caregivers were family network support(R2=0.261, p=0.003) and the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.168, P=0.007). In the 2nd stage the most important predictor for the health of the caregivers was the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.483, P=0.000). Also in the 3rd stage the main predictor for health was the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.381, p=0.006). A better understanding of the stress process in family caregivers is needed so that nurses can provide family-centered care, taking into account caregiver, as well as patient, well-being.