Purpose
This study aimed to identify the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors associated with Medical Device-Related Pressure Injuries (MDRPIs) in neurosurgery patients. Methods: Participants were 160 adult patients who underwent neurosurgery under general anesthesia from September 17, 2019 to August 11, 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 program. Descriptive statistics were used for general characteristics, clinical characteristics, surgical characteristics, MDRPIs incidence, and medical device related. Independent t-test and x² test were used for differences in general characteristics, clinical characteristics, and surgical characteristics according to the occurrence of MDRPIs.
Results
Among 160 participants, MDRPIs occurred in 72 patients (45.0%). The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with MDRPIs were operation time (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.03, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.01~1.04, p=.003), intraoperative blood loss (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01~1.03, p=.043).
Conclusion
Of the 160 patients who underwent neurosurgery, 72 (45%) developed MDRPIs. Additionally, the longer the operation time and anesthesia time and the higher the amount of blood loss, the higher the incidence of MDRPIs. Therefore, strategies to increase risk assessment and preventive actions against MDRPIs should be established.

Citations

• Nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice in preventing medical device-related pressure injuries and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study
  Pingping Fang, Wanfan Deng, Xi Zhu, Ying Cao
  Journal of Tissue Viability.2024; 33(4): 738.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of pre-operative information by audiovisual media on patients before bariatric surgery.
Methods
This study was conducted from July 4 to October 25, 2019 at Busan city in South Korea. Non-equivalent control groups with quasi-experimental design were used. A total of 24 patients were assigned to the experiment group (n=12) and the control group (n=12). Experimental tools provided information using audiovisual media, including a seven-step introduction of video contents. After that, the investigator used a Universal Serial Bus (USB) to transmit the "Obesity Escape" program to the electronic devices (smartphones, laptops, etc.) belonging to the patient or guardian, and then provided a self-learning checklist. The subjects self-learned through reviewing the items in the checklist at least three times each day at home for a total of two weeks until the day of re-admission until discharge. The investigator provided encouragement and counseling by phone once a week (every Friday).
Results
There were significant differences between the two groups in the preoperative self-care (p<.001) and preoperative self-efficacy (p=.001), and preoperative state anxiety (p=.036).
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the use of audiovisual media can be actively used in the nursing practice field to increase preoperative self-care and preoperative self-efficacy and reduce preoperative state anxiety in patients before bariatric surgery.

Citations

• eHealth Intervention via LINE® Social Media as an Adjunct for Postoperative Care After Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery: Single Institution Experience
  Ya-Wei Huang, Kuo-Feng Hsu, Ting-Wei Chang, Chih-Kun Huang, Hui-Yu Chuang, Chieh-Hao Lai, Po-Chih Chang
  Obesity Surgery.2023; 33(3): 860.     CrossRef
• Weight Loss Experience of Highly Obese Young Adult Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery
  Hoim Lee, Hyoju Jeong, Suhye Kwon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(2): 260.     CrossRef
• Are eHealth interventions for adults who are scheduled for or have undergone bariatric surgery as effective as usual care? A systematic review
  Charlene Wright, Rumbidzai N. Mutsekwa, Kyra Hamilton, Katrina L. Campbell, Jaimon Kelly
  Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases.2021; 17(12): 2065.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
Delirium is a common symptom among heart surgery patients, and its prevalence is reported to range from 16.0~73.0%. As patients with delirium exhibit multiple negative prognoses, it is important to identify and prevent the risk factors for delirium. However, little research has been conducted to identify the prevalence of delirium and its risk factors among patients who have undergone heart surgery in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of delirium and its risk factors in heart surgery patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
METHODS
This is a retrospective descriptive correlational study. From 623 patients who entered the ICU after heart surgery in a tertiary referral hospital from September 2016 to August 2017, 421 were selected for this study. Data were collected using electronic medical record. Delirium was evaluated using the Korean Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC).
RESULTS
A total of 63 participants (15.0%) were diagnosed with delirium. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the variables identified that complex surgery (Odds Ratio [OR]=7.24, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 2.80~18.74, p<.001), aortic aneurysm surgery (OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.40~7.77, p=.006), creatinine (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.17~4.60, p=.016), and ICU length of stay (OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.48~1.99, p<.001) were associated with delirium after heart surgery.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of delirium after heart surgery in Korean ICU patients is similar to that reported by the American Heart Association study. Type of surgery, lab data, ICU length of stay should be considered in the prevention and management of delirium in heart surgery patients in Korea.

Citations

• Prevalence and risk factors of delirium of older adults after cardiac surgery at the intensive care unit: A retrospective study
  Jeong-Ok Ryu, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 113.     CrossRef
• Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with cardiac surgery
  Min-Song Kim, Sang-Hee Kim
  Science Progress.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigation of Delirium Occurrence and Intervention Status in Intensive Care Unit at a Hospital and Perception of Delirium by Medical Staff
  Yi-Seul Kang, Soon-Hee Kim, Min-Jeoung Lee, Hyo-Jin Lee, Oak-Bun Lim, Sang-Bum Hong, Hye-Ran Choi
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(1): 71.     CrossRef
• Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Recovery Room Delirium in Elderly Patients after Surgery under General Anesthesia
  Eunjung Choi, Ye-Eun Seo, Hyun-Sook Yoo, Dong Yeon Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(2): 215.     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effect of Delirium Prevention Intervention in Korean Intensive Care Units
  Jiyeon Kang, Min Jeong Choi
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(3): 141.     CrossRef
• Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, a Tool for Early Detection of Delirium: Integrative Review
  Angela María Henao-Castaño, Laura Elizabeth Pachón Cetina, Juan David Monroy Rodríguez
  Aquichan.2020; 20(4): 1.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of glove changing during surgery for colon cancer on reducing the degree of contamination of surgical gloves.
METHODS
The randomized posttest control group design was used. Total 72 surgeries of colon cancer in the K University Hospital in Seoul performed by the team of A-Surgeon and B-Scrub nurse were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Glove changing with single-gloved state was implemented in the Experimental Group I and outer glove changing with double-gloved state was executed in the Experimental Group II. Single-gloved state was carried in the Control Group. Following the surgical procedure, specimens for bacterial culture were collected the from scrub nurse's gloves to compare the degree of contamination among the three groups. Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and the Scheffe's multiple comparison test.
RESULTS
The degrees of contamination of the Experimental Group I and II were significantly lower than that of the Control Group. There was no significant difference between Experimental Group I and II.
CONCLUSION
Glove changing during surgery with either single or double-gloved state is effective in reducing the degree of contamination of surgical gloves, therefore these methods should be utilized in clinical practice.

Citations

• Implementation of colon surgical site infection prevention bundle—The successes and challenges
  Sara M Reese, Bryan Knepper, Meghan Amiot, Julie Beard, Eric Campion, Heather Young
  American Journal of Infection Control.2020; 48(11): 1287.     CrossRef
• Effects of replacing saline solution during surgery for colon cancer in Korea
  Eun Mi Ham, Sul Hee Lee
  Journal of Surgical Research.2017; 214: 176.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Glove for the Prevention of Microbial Contamination during the Dental Clinical Practice
  Sun-Ju Jeong, Jung-In Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Se-Hee Ban, Ji-Young Um, Moon-Jin Jeong, Do-Seon Lim, Soon-Jeong Jeong
  Journal of dental hygiene science.2014; 14(4): 537.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a simulation-based educational program on anxiety and discomfort in patients with early stage of stomach cancer or stomach adenoma undergoing gastroendoscopic surgery.
METHODS
The study employed a non-equivalence control group and non-synchronized design to prevent diffusion of treatment. Data were collected from 110 patients (experimental group=55, control group=55) admitted to a department of gastroenterology to undergo gastroendoscopic surgery for early stage of stomach cancer or stomach adenoma. The program was conducted as a 30-minute simulation-based education including 12 processes which patients would experience. Outcome variables were state anxiety, objective discomfort, and subjective discomfort.
RESULTS
The scores of state anxiety in the experimental group significantly decreased over time compared to those in the control group. The scores of objective and subjective discomfort after surgery in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The study findings suggested that the simulation-based educational program making a person feel sense of real experiences could reduce anxiety and discomfort in gastroendoscopic surgery patients.

Citations

• Effects of Video Assisted Education Using Smartphone on Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
  Choi Mi-Hee, Song Jun-Ah
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2017; 24(1): 60.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Nursing Information on Anxiety and Uncertainty in Patients for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection before the procedure of the patients
  Eun-Jung Shin, Young-Sook Lee
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(2): 66.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Supportive Nursing Intervention Using Video-Program of Operating Room Nurses before Operation on Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Patient's Anxiety
  Yong-Sook Eo, Nae-Young Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Hyeon-Jun Cha
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(4): 2639.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Hand Holding and Nei-Guan Acupressure on Anxiety and Pain under Local Anesthetic Patients during Surgery
  Sun Hee Park, Hee Jung Jang
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(11): 378.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a structured preoperative instruction upon anxiety and postoperative self-care compliance.
METHODS
A randomized control group pre-post design was used. Sixty subjects undergoing cataract surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The instruction consisted of cataract surgery procedure, sensory information, deep breathing, use of eye drop, and post op self-care regimen and was provided to the experimental group with control group receiving an usual treatment. State anxiety NRS, pulse, BP, and self-care compliance scale developed by Cho&Rho were used. Data were collected at two time periods: on the day of surgery in the clinic and prior to anesthesia in the operating room. The postoperative self-care compliance scores were measured at their second visits to the hospital after surgery. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
There were significant differences between the two groups in the postoperative state anxiety (t=-3.57, p=.001) and the postoperative self-care compliance score (t=3.92, p<.001). There were no significant difference between the two groups in the postoperative blood pressure and pulse rate.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that the structured preoperative instruction could be a nursing intervention for cataract surgery patients.

Citations

• Effects of Video-Based Information Provision Using a Smart Pad on Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Biopsy
  Seung Hee Lee, Chul-Gyu Kim, Hye Sook Han, Jihyun Kwon, So Youen Roh, Beom Jin Shin
  Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(6): 724.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Pre-operative Information through Audiovisual Media on Self-Care Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and State Anxiety of Patients before Bariatric Surgery
  Ho Im Lee, Jung Suk Park
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(4): 421.     CrossRef
• Effects of Video-centered Nursing Education Program on Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Self-care among Cataract Surgery Patients
  Hyang Hee Jeon, Soo Jin Lee
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(5): 482.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Provision of Information on Anxiety in Patients during Outpatient Surgery: A Systematic Review
  Ae-Ri Jung, In-Sook Lee
  Perspectives in Nursing Science.2016; 13(1): 48.     CrossRef
• Effect of Music Therapy on Vital Signs, Anxiety, Cortisol and Pain of Cataract Surgery Patients in Elderly
  Jung-Hae Park, Kwang-Hi Park
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(8): 549.     CrossRef
• Effect of Structured Information on Immediate Preoperative Anxiety and Uncertainty for Women Undergoing Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
  Youn Hee Cho, Nami Chun
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 321.     CrossRef
• Effects of handholding and providing information on anxiety in patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty
  Bong‐Hee Kim, Hee‐Young Kang, Eun‐Young Choi
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2015; 24(23-24): 3459.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The main question is systematic review of the published in Korea and foreign countries on warming therapy for surgical patients.
METHODS
The researchers searched at Medline, CINAHL, KERIS, Adult Nursing Association, Korean Society of Nursing Science, Korean Academy of fundamentals of Nursing, and National Assembly Library web site for the published on warming therapy for surgical patients from 1980 to 2008. Words for search were operation/surgery, warming, operation/surgery and warming. Studies were included randomized controlled trial, and there were no restrictions regarding operative phase and outcome measures.
RESULTS
36 published researches that met the criteria were mostly published in foreign countries between 2000 and 2008 and focused on surgery with general anesthesia. Sample size ranged from 21 to 60 subjects, age range between 21 and 60 years of age. Thirty different warming therapies were reported, fifty-two different dependent variables. Outcome indicators included active external warming, intra-operative, and body temperature. 'Positive effects' and 'no effects' equaled. The most frequently reported 'positive effects' were body temperature, shivering, and acid-base balance. No effects were more likely to be heart rate, blood pressure, and hemodynamics.
CONCLUSION
Many types of warming therapy, are reported in the literature with little information about the efficacy of each, many different dependant variables were studied. There were no consistent reports as to length of time used for warming procedures. Overall, the effects of warming therapy are inconsistent. And additional research must be down before any particular method of warming can be used with confidence as to its effectiveness. Attention must be made as to the research design, better measurement of the dependent variables. This review may serve as a base.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of surgery information service on one-day surgery patients' anxiety and satisfaction with nursing care.
METHODS
The study used the nonequivalent control group time difference design. Sampling and measurement of the control group participants (n=30) was completed first. Later, participants in the experimental group (n=30) were sampled, intervened, and measured. The experimental group participants received the surgery information services twice: before and after the surgery, 20~30 minutes for each of the sessions. The anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory developed by Spielberger (1975), and modified by Kim & Shin (1978). The patient satisfaction with nursing care was measured with the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale developed by La Monica and colleagues (1986), and modified by Shin (1999). The data was collected between February 1 and May 30, 2006.
RESULTS
The results were as follows: 1) The level of anxiety in the experimental group was not significantly different from that in the control group. 2) The level of patient satisfaction with nursing care in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group (t=-4.53, p=.00).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggested that the one-day vocal cord surgery information service could be a useful nursing intervention to improve patient satisfaction with nursing care, but not for controlling the anxiety of one-day surgery patients.

PURPOSE
This study was to develop the clinical competency evaluation, and to examine the effects of the developed evaluation by comparing it with existing evaluation on clinical competency, communication skill, and self-efficacy of nursing students.
METHODS
Design was a randomized control group post-test design. The subjects were 102 senior nursing students(Experimental group: 48, Control group: 54) at K university in seoul, Korea. The experimental group took the clinical competency evaluation using standardized patients and the control group took the existing evaluation using a doll. The clinical competency and communication skills were measured by evaluators, and self-efficacy was self reported by the nursing students.
RESULTS
The experimental group had higher scores in clinical competency, communication skills, and self-efficacy than those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Through these results, practice education of nursing education programs need to activate the clinical competency evaluation using standardized patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine core nursing intervention in nursing records and to compare perceived nursing intervention priority and nursing intervention frequency of general surgery department.
METHODS
Subjects were 70 nurses who work in the general surgery department. Data was collected using a nursing intervention classification and analyzed by frequency and mean.
RESULTS
The most frequent nursing interventions of nursing records were orderly risk management, coping assistance, tissue perfusion management, skin/wound management and nutrition support. Important nursing interventions were tissue perfusion management, respiratory management, electrolyte acid-base management, elimination, peri-operative care. The most frequent nursing interventions were drug management, peri-operative care, risk management, tissue perfusion management, patient education.
CONCLUSION
This study found that nursing records were different from intervention priority and nursing frequency. So further study is needed for finding focused intervention of specific subjects and differences with priority of nursing and frequency of nursing.

PURPOSE
The study was done to analyze the effects of aroma inhalation method on preoperative anxiety of abdominal surgical patients.
METHODS
The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected from July 25 to October 21, 2005 at C Medical Center in Seoul. The patients were divided into two group of 24 subjects each. In order for measuring the all patient's anxiety before operation and aroma inhalation, Spidlberger(1975) trait anxiety, VAS(visual analogue scale) state anxiety, blood pressure, pulse rate were taken. After experimental group was taken aroma inhalation, VAS state anxiety, blood pressure, pulse rate were measured for two group.
RESULTS
After aroma inhalation, VAS state anxiety level, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those of control group(p = .000, p = .000, p = .030. p = .000).
CONCLUSION
The aroma inhalation method can be considered an effective nursing intervention that relieves the preoperative anxiety of abdominal surgical patients and stabilizes vital signs.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe role conflict and job satisfaction of Neurosurgery Clinical Nurse Specialist(NCNS) and to identify associated factors.
METHOD
The target populations was 77 NCNSs from 30 general hospitals. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA.
RESULTS
The overall mean scores of role conflict and job satisfaction were 3.60(+/-0.54) and 3.04(+/-0.46) respectively. Significant variables affecting role conflict were the working period as NCNS, the number of colleague NCNSs in working hospital, and assignment of prescription rights. The significant variable affecting job satisfaction was assignment of prescription rights. There was no statistically significant correlation between job and role conflict.
CONCLUSION
The variable effecting both role conflict and job satisfaction was the extent of prescription rights. In order to improve the quality of patient care and to protect Neurosurgery Nurse Clinical Specialist, the enactment of law on prescription practice is needed.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to propose a theoretical model of hope commonly held by the cancer patients just after surgery, under the assumptions that hope of those patients is not only realistic and disease oriented but in dialectical circulation.
METHOD
A theoretical model was generated through 4 steps: exploring a hope structure by synthesizing the relevant hope structures expressed in Kim and Tae's studies, in-depth literature review, examining the meanings of the concepts consisted of the structure in use and their causal relations in logical adequacy, proposing a theoretical structure through synthesizing the causal relations, and diagramming the structure.
RESULTS
The proposed theoretical model involves concepts such as Cancer Related Uncertainty (CRU), Efforts to Find out the Possibility of Cure or Recovery (EFPCR), and Hopefulness or Hopelessness. The 'EFPCR' is stipulated as 'Behaviors Related to Looking for Evidences or Cues (BRLEC)' and 'Formation of Cognitive Schema (FCS)'. In the model, Hopefulness is directly influenced by 'CRU in low', which is affected by 'FCS in good' from the result of EFPCR started with 'CRU in increase' while 'CRU with increase' from the result from EFPCR has direct effect on Hopelessness.
CONCLUSION
The theoretical model would be used to enhancing hope of the cancer patients in post-operation.

PURPOSE
To find the effects of semi-Fowler's position on the post-operative recovery for patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery in recovery room. METHOD: The research was performed by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. The subjects are forty patients who had laparoscopic abdominal surgery in a hospital from Aug. thru Nov. of 2003. Post-recovery scores and O2 saturation degree were measured. The experimental group was place in semi fowler's position while the control group was placed in supine position. The homogeneity between the control group and experimental group was analyzed using the Chi-square, and the hypothesis were tested using t-test. RESULT: 1. The patients in the experimental group placed in semi fowler's position showed significant higher post-recovery scores than those in the control group who were in a supine position. 2. The patients in the experimental group who were in semi Fowler's position showed no significant higher O2 saturation degree than those in the control group who were in supine position. CONCLUSION: Based on the results described above, it is considered that the semi-Fowler's position might be effective in enhancing the post-operative recovery score of the patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery in recovery room.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nursing education using a CD ROM on the anxiety and knowledge of the patients having minor surgery. METHOD: Forty patients hospitalized in K hospital in Seoul from April to August 2002 participated in this study. In the experimental group, twenty patients received nursing education on the operational procedures and post-operational care. The control group, received conventional nursing care only. Anxiety experienced by patients was measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and knowledge was measured by an instrument developed by Rahe et al. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in anxiety level between two groups. However, subjects in the experimental group were found to have significantly higher postoperative knowledge levels than those in the control group, and were very satisfied with the CD ROM program.
CONCLUSION
The nursing education program using CD ROM before minor surgery proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase knowledge of patients and contribute to their self care after discharge. To decrease anxiety of the surgery, the nursing education program should be combined with supprortive emotional nursing intervention, such as touch, and massage.

More and more non-injured operations are being implemented these days, thanks to the development of medical technology. Still, however, most operations leave direct scars on patient' bodies, as well as accompanying pain. The massage as an independent nursing intervention can stimulate the circulation of the blood of tissue and muscle and increase the relationship between a patient and a nurse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of foot massage on pain in post abdominal operative patients. The nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design is used for this study. From July 7, 2000 to February 20, 2001, the 40 patients who were operated under general anesthesia in a university hospital in Seoul were studied. They were divided into two groups ; 20 patients were part of the experimental group, and the others, in the control group. In order to evaluate the effect of foot massage, severity of pain was checked with the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and also each patients' vital signs were measured with pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The collected datas were processed by SAS version 6.12 program and analyzed by the Chi-square, Fisher?s exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The severity of pain decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group following foot massage (t= -3.317, p= .002). 2. Measured vital signs in the experimental group had more reduction of that than in the control group following foot massage. -The pulse rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=7.73, p=.008). -The systolic blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=25.75, p=.000). -The diastolic blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=15.27, p=.000). In conclusion, foot massage is an effective dependent nursing intervention for pain control of post abdominal operative patients.

A meta-analysis of 13 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to determine the effect of various nursing interventions applied to surgery patients. The studies were selected from dissertations done between 1982 to 1996 and had randomized or nonequivalent control groups in a pretest-post test design. The studies were classified according to three criteria : 1) types of surgery 2) types of nursing interventions 3) types of respondent variables. The following analysis was done : 1) Determination of usefulness of nursing interventions for surgery patients. 2) The magnitude of effect for each study was tested for different types of surgery, nursing interventions and outcome variables. 3) For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : Nursing interventions on relaxation effect applied to surgery patients have resulted in a significant effect size on pain, anxiety, and BP stabilization. Relaxation and music therapy were more effective on surgery patients than either education, heat therapy, or purposeful touch. It was impossible to identify which type of surgery was more effected by these interventions. On the basis of these findings, the following recommendations were made : 1) Many studies on the same kind of intervention applied to similar surgery patients should be accumulated continuously to identify factors that affect the effect size. 2) The detailed explanation of research process, such as, assignment method to experimental and control groups, starting points, duration and frequency of nursing interventions, and estimation of the outcome variables should be described in orther to be utilized for further research and practice.