Purpose
This study investigated the factors associated with Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in selected areas in Indonesia.
Methods
We used a cross-sectional approach with a correlational research design; a total of 2,730 samples were collected using accidental sampling. The instrument was an online questionnaire. The AEFI questionnaire was a modified version of the survey instrument of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. χ² and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results
The most common AEFI were pain at the injection site (81.2%), drowsiness (77.2%), hunger (77.0%), headache (70.3%), and weakness (58.4%). Bivariate testing revealed that gender, age, disease history, vaccine type, and anxiety had statistically significant relationships with the incidence of weakness, pain at the injection site, and headache (p<.050). Age and vaccine type were significantly related to the incidence of fever, swelling at the injection site, and hunger. Gender, vaccine type, and anxiety were found to have statistically significant relationships with the incidence of nausea. Vaccine type and anxiety were significantly related to vomiting.
Conclusion
The study found that gender, age, history of disease, vaccine type, and level of anxiety were associated with several adverse events following COVID-19 immunization. These findings provide data to nurses and other health workers to help them offer additional interventions to prevent or reduce adverse events in at-risk groups following COVID-19 vaccination.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop sleeve-type restraints and to compare the sleeve-type and conventional wrist restraints.
METHODS
Forty four pairs of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their families participated in the experiment. The nurses applied sleeve-type restraints to the patients in the experimental group, and wrist restraints to the control group. The trained research assistant measured ROMs, skin temperature, edema, and skin lesions of both upper extremities (UEs) before, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the restraints applied. The emotional response of family was measured 72 hours after the restraints applied. Thirty one ICU nurses evaluated the efficiency of both types of restraints.
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, changes of ROMs, edema, and skin abrasions on both U/Es of the experimental group indicated a significant difference in physical side effects. The emotional response scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The mean efficiency scores for the sleeve-type restraints were significantly higher than those for the wrist restraints.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that the sleeve-type restraints are better than wrist restraints with respect to physical side effects, emotional responses of family members, and application efficiency.

Citations

• Factors Influencing Nursing Practice for Physical Restraints among Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit
  Da Eun Kim, Hye Sook Min
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 62.     CrossRef
• Perceptions and Intention of Nurses in Using Physical Restraints for Dementia Patients in Geriatric Hospitals
  Hyunju Lee, Kye Ha Kim
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2016; 18(3): 159.     CrossRef
• Development and Application of Glove Type Restraints for Elderly Patients in Nursing Care Facilities: A Pilot Study
  Kisook Kim, Nanju Park
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2016; 18(3): 107.     CrossRef
• Families' Perception and Attitude toward Applied Physical Restraints in General Neurological Wards
  So-Yeon Ha, Yi-Kyung Ha, Myung-Hee Kim
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(5): 3293.     CrossRef