Purpose
The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a repeated hemodialysis diet education program on dietary knowledge, dietary self-care compliance, and physiological indices in older adults on hemodialysis.
Methods
This study employed a non-equivalent control group pre-post repeated measures design. Based on Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve, the experimental group received diet education four times. Data were analyzed by the x 2 -test, t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for hypothesis testing.
Results
There were statistically significant between-groups differences in dietary knowledge by time of assessment, within group differences by time of assessment, and interactions between group and time. Regarding dietary self-care compliance, there were significant within-group differences by time of assessment and interactions between group and time. There were significant within-group changes in inter-dialytic weight gain by time of assessment. For the physiological indices, blood sodium and albumin showed significant within-group changes by time of assessment. Phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen scores showed significant within-group changes. For blood potassium concentration, there was a significant difference in interactions between group and time.
Conclusion
Owing to the resulting improvements in dietary knowledge and self-care compliance, the repeated education program applied in this study can be used as a preventive measure for complications in older adults on hemodialysis.

Citations

• Development and Effectiveness of Dietary Self-care Promotion Program Using Online Community for Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
  Hana Kim, Mi-Kyoung Cho
  Asian Nursing Research.2025; 19(2): 126.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effects of Symptom Experiences on the Relationship between Body Image and Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in a Single Center
  Yaki Yang
  Healthcare.2024; 12(17): 1779.     CrossRef
• Effects of a video-based enteral nutrition education program using QR codes for intensive care unit nurses: a quasi-experimental study
  Won Kee Seo, Hyunjung Kim
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(1): 16.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Tailored Dietary Education among Role Failure Hemodialysis Patients on Self-care Compliance, Self-efficacy and Physiologic Indices
  Sangsuk Kim, Youngsil Choi
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2021; 24(1): 46.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the subjectivity of smoking cessation methods of smokers. METHOD: The Q. methodology which provides a method of analyzing the individual's subjectivity was used. The 34 subjects classified 38 selected Q-statements into a 9 point scale to make a normal distribution. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. RESULTS: Three types of smoking cessation among smokers were identified. Type I, Family Centered; Type II, Suppressing Temptation; Type III, Self Overcoming. CONCLUSION: This study results revealed that different approaches of support programs are needed to address the three types of smoking cessation and their characteristics