Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a tool to evaluate slow nursing performance for older adults in long-term care hospitals.
Methods
The search period was set from March 2013, when the term "slow nursing" was first used in the literature, to October 2021. A slow nursing tool was developed in two phases: development and verification. In the tool development phase, 29 items were developed through an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with seven long-term care hospital nurses. Construct validity testing was performed by a 10-member expert panel, and a pilot survey was conducted on long-term care hospital nurses. In the tool validation phase, the construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the tool were tested by applying it to 181 nurses in long-term care hospitals .
Results
The final tool comprised five factors and 23 items, with an overall explanatory power of 56.8%. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and the model fit was good. Known-group validity was established by the observation of a significant difference in the slow nursing score between intensive care unit and long-term care hospital nurses, and criterion validity was established by a significant correlation between the slow nursing and person-centered assessment scores. Internal consistency reliability was shown by a Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient of .781.
Conclusion
The concept of slow nursing has been clarified, improving the understanding and implementation of slow nursing care by nurses in long-term care hospitals. The Slow Nursing Tool for Long-term Care Hospital Nurses (SNT-LCHN) is expected to increase interest in and contribute to the effectiveness of slow nursing practices. It will serve as a valuable tool for improving nursing performance in these settings.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of pain, anxiety, depression, perception dignity, and spiritual well-being on hospice patients’ attitudes toward dignified death. Methods: A total of 130 terminal cancer patients admitted to hospice ․ palliative care institutions in Korea participated in the study. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS Statistics 26.0. The assessment tools were the Brief Pain Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perception of Dignity Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Attitudes toward Dignified Death Scale.
Results
The mean scores were as follows: 5.25 for pain, 11.98 for anxiety, 14.56 for depression, 22.12 for spiritual well-being, 14.38 for perception of dignity, and 93.12 for attitudes toward dignified death. The results of the hierarchical multiple analysis revealed that spiritual well-being (β=.36, p<.001) was predictive of the attitudes toward dignified death (R² =.13, p<.001).
Conclusion
Spiritual well-being is associated with hospice patients’ attitudes toward dignified death. The results highlight the necessity to develop effective nursing intervention programs that promote spiritual well-being for hospice patients’ attitudes toward dignified death.

PUPPOSE: This research is a descriptive study to explore "patient respect" in nursing. Respect was analyzed as a concept in the domain of the patient. The Hybrid Model suggested by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim was used in this study.
METHOD
For the theoretical phase, nursing and other literature were reviewed to analyze attributes and develop a working definition of the concept, respect. For the fieldwork phase, four subjects in two general hospitals in Seoul participated. With the participants' permission, the data was collected between January and April, 2002, through in-depth interview and participant observation. The data analysis progressed at the same time as the fieldwork. Data analysis proceeded according to the analysis method of Strauss and Corbin.
RESULT
The final attributes of patient respect are suggested by consideration, recognition, cordial treatment, concern, honesty, acceptance. The final definition of patient respect as a concept in the domain the of patient is suggested by "Patient respect is that the patient is recognized as an individual with worth and is accepted, and considered to be that kind of an individual person. In addition, the patient is recognized to be an independent person and is treated with concern and honesty." CONCLUSION: The results of the analyses is helpful in integrating into a comprehensive description of the concept, Patient Respect.