Purpose
This study explored tools to measure service experiences for families of older adults living in long-term care facilities, with the goal of suggesting directions for developing service experience measurement indicators for these families in the Korean context.
Methods
In this scoping review, English-language literature on the service experiences of families of older adults in long-term care facilities published in academic journals from January 1990 to December 2021 was reviewed. The CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched. The review process involved identifying the research question; searching for relevant published studies; selecting studies; mapping the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. This method helped identify knowledge gaps, explore, and define key concepts, and obtain an overview of extant studies’ focus by determining the literature scope. Among 118 articles, seven were finally selected according to predetermined criteria.
Results
Through an analysis of the sub-factors of the tools used in the seven selected articles, the following themes were derived: environment, information and family member involvement, tailored care, respect, and responsive workforce. Concept definitions were clarified and examined.
Conclusion
Measuring the service experiences of families serving as surrogates for older adults who are in long-term care facilities and cannot express their opinions is essential for improving service quality. Developing a measurement tool for experiences of facility service experience that accurately reflects the perspectives of family members of older adults in these facilities in the Korean context is a pressing need given South Korea’s rapidly aging population.

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the revised Korean version of the Chronic Hepatitis B Self-Management Scale-K16 (CHBSMS-K16). Methods Using the convenience sampling method, the data of chronic hepatitis B patients (N=200) were collected from August to October 2021. The participants were recruited from two hospitals in D metropolitan city and 3 internet cafes for hepatitis patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS programs. The content, structure, item-convergent/discriminant, and convergent validities and internal consistency were evaluated. Results Based on the statistical analysis, 9 items from the original version were excluded-resulting in 4 subscales with a total of 16 items. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate model fit indices. The items convergence and discrimination validity were verified using extracted mean variance (.46~.65) and composition reliability (.81~.88). The convergent validity was satisfactory, as demonstrated by its correlation with the New General Self Efficacy scale (r=.63, p<.001). The Cronbach’s α for the overall scale was .88, and that of the four subscales ranged from .63 to .74. Conclusion The CHBSMS-K16 is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, this tool can be used to measure the level of self-management of Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B. Additionally, this scale can be used in clinical settings as well as in educational and research settings.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop an Ethical Nursing Competence Self-rating Scale for Clinical Nurses. Methods: A scale-development study was applied that comprised eight stages of DeVellis. The scale verification involved a convenience sample of 423 nurses from September to October 2019 at three general hospitals located in Korea. The content validity, factorial structure validity, item-convergent/discriminant validity, known-group validity, convergent validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability of the Ethical Nursing Competence Self-rating Scale for Clinical Nurses were evaluated. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT), Cronbach’s ⍺, and intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded five-factors. Known-group validity was demonstrated by clinical experience and nursing ethics education experience. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of defining issue. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s ⍺ of .70~.85 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of .72~.89. Conclusion: The Ethical Nursing Competence Self-rating Scale for Clinical Nurses is a new instrument that comprehensively measures the aspects of ethical behavior, ethical decision-making and action, ethical sensitivity, ethical reflection, and ethical knowledge. It consists of 20 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. These findings indicate that the instrument can be applied in clinical practice, nursing education, and research.

Citations

• Effects of Clinical Nurses' Ethical Climate and Ethical Nursing Competence on Moral Distress
  Sun Mi Ha, Yeong Ju Yoon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Influence of Nurses' Moral Distress and Ethical Nursing Competence on Retention Intention
  Ji-Hyun Choi, Mi-Jin Byun, Thi Ninh Do
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 36.     CrossRef
• Assessing educational needs of nurses’ ethical competence based on the four components model of moral behaviour: a cross-sectional study using the Borich needs assessment and locus for focus models
  Kyunghee Ha, Younjae Oh
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Patient Safety Management System, Leadership, and Communication Types on Nurse’ Patient Safety Management Activities
  Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 367.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing End-of-life Care Competency in Nursing Students
  Jinryung Park, Minjeong Seo
  Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2024; 27(4): 267.     CrossRef
• The Influence of Ethical Nursing Competence and Positive Nursing Organizational Culture on Person-Centered Care in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey
  Jae Eun Lee, Hye-Young Jang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(3): 304.     CrossRef
• Influence of Patient Safety Culture, Ethical Nursing Competence, and Nursing Professionalism on the Perception of Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents among Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals
  Seulki Kim, Yoonju Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 392.     CrossRef
• Development of Ethical Competence Self-assessment Tool for Korean Physical Therapists
  JiYeon Cheon, MyungChul Kim, HaeIn Kim, Hyunsuk Kim
  The Open Public Health Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurses’ intention to care of COVID-19 patients in hospitals dedicated to infectious disease in South Korea: application of the theory of planned behavior and verification of the moderating effect of ethical nursing competence
  Mira Mo, Seongmi Moon, Eun Kyeung Song
  BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Nurses' Ethical Behaviors for Protecting Patient's Rights Scale: A Methodological Study
  Jihye Yun, Heeyoung Oh
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(2): 138.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study aimed to establish the translation adequacy and examine the psychometric properties of Face Mask Use Scale (FMUS).
METHODS
This methodological study employed a cross-sectional design with repeated measures. Phase 1 examined the equivalence and relevance of English and Chinese versions of FMUS. Phase 2 examined the internal consistency, stability and construct validity. Different sample batches (213 university students and 971 general public) were used appropriately for psychometric testing. The 2-phase data were collected between January and April 2017.
RESULTS
In Phase 1, the semantic equivalence and relevance (item- and scale-level content-validity-index=100%) was satisfactory. Furthermore, from 133 paired test-retest responses, the quadratic weighted kappa (.53~.73, p<.001) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC=.81) between the English and Chinese version of FMUS were satisfactory. In Phase 2, FMUS demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.80~.81; corrected item-total correlation coefficients=.46~.67) and two-week test-retest stability (ICC=.84). The known-groups method (t=3.08, p<.001), exploratory (71.10% of total variance in two-factor model) and confirmatory factory analysis (χ²/df=4.02, Root Mean Square Residual=.03, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=.06, Goodness of Fit Index=.99, Comparative Fit Index=.99) were all satisfactory for establishing the construct validity.
CONCLUSION
The FMUS has an equivalence Chinese and English versions, satisfactory reliability and validity for measuring the practice of face mask use. This poses clinical and research implications for those community health nurses who works on respiratory protection. Further research should be conducted on the ‘negligent practice’ of FMU.

Citations

• An assessment of the health belief model (HBM) properties as predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviour
  Sashikala Subedi, Walter Leal Filho, Adekunle Adedeji
  Journal of Public Health.2025; 33(6): 1329.     CrossRef
• Development of generic student engagement scale in higher education: An application on healthcare students
  Shuang Li, Stephen Wai Hang Kwok, Summer Cho Ngan Siu, Jessie Yuk Seng Chung, Hemio Chung Yan Lam, Eva Yuen Mei Tsang, Kam Cheong Li, Joanna Wing Yan Yeung, Simon Ching Lam
  Nursing Open.2023; 10(3): 1545.     CrossRef
• Groningen Frailty Indicator–Chinese (GFI-C) for pre-frailty and frailty assessment among older people living in communities: psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy
  Emma Yun Zhi Huang, Jasmine Cheung, Justina Yat Wa Liu, Rick Yiu Cho Kwan, Simon Ching Lam
  BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perception of E-health Technology Scale in Chinese Brief (PETS-C Brief): Translation, item reduction, and psychometric testing
  Rick Yiu Cho Kwan, Simon Ching Lam, Shao Ling Wang, Arkers Kwan Ching Wong, Lei Shi, Frances Kam Yuet Wong
  DIGITAL HEALTH.2022; 8: 205520762211260.     CrossRef
• Global Imperative of Suicidal Ideation in 10 Countries Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Teris Cheung, Simon Ching Lam, Paul Hong Lee, Yu Tao Xiang, Paul Siu Fai Yip
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pandemia da COVID-19: adaptação e avaliação psicométrica da “Face Mask Use Scale”
  Fernanda Maria Vieira Pereira-Ávila, Simon Ching Lam, Hilda Ho, Elucir Gir, Natália Maria Vieira Pereira Caldeira, Fernanda Garcia Bezerra Góes, Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa
  Acta Paulista de Enfermagem.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fatores associados à prática do uso de máscaras pela população paraibana durante a pandemia da COVID-19
  Fernanda Maria Vieira Pereira-Ávila, Simon Ching Lam, Elucir Gir, Fernanda Garcia Bezerra Góes, Maria Eliane Moreira Freire, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva
  Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Face Mask Wearing Behaviors, Depressive Symptoms, and Health Beliefs Among Older People During the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Rick Yiu Cho Kwan, Paul Hong Lee, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Simon Ching Lam
  Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• An Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Face Mask Use Scale's Korean Version among Community-Dwelling Adults
  Kyungmi Lee, Nayeon Shin, Younhee Kang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(5): 549.     CrossRef
• Association Between Depression, Health Beliefs, and Face Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Daniel Thomas Bressington, Teris Cheuk Chi Cheung, Simon Ching Lam, Lorna Kwai Ping Suen, Tommy Kwan Hin Fong, Hilda Sze Wing Ho, Yu-Tao Xiang
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Adaptation and psychometric testing of the hoarding rating scale (HRS): a self-administered screening scale for epidemiological study in Chinese population
  Tai Wa Liu, Simon Ching Lam, Man Hon Chung, Ken Hok Man Ho
  BMC Psychiatry.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the measures used for assessment of posttraumatic growth (PTG) for women survivors with breast cancer and to evaluate the psychometric properties of each instrument.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted to identify measurement instruments used for assessment of PTG using electronic databases such as KoreaMed, DBpia, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Studied published both in Korean and/or English were included for the analysis. Studies were examined by two independent reviewers and eighty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The selection of the eighty-nine studies was evaluated on methodological and psychometric properties including validity and reliability of the instruments.
RESULTS
Three instruments were identified in the review of the eighty-nine studies. The three instruments were identified as 1) Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), 2) Benefit Finding Scale, and 3) Positive Meaning Scale. The PTGI was the most frequently reported instrument used in the review. The majority of the reported studies were used translation and back-translation, but some of the studies did not report translation methods. Most studies (71.9%) reported reliability, but only 29.2% studies reported validity of the instruments used in the study.
CONCLUSION
This study was conducted to provide an evidence for selection and development of measurement instruments of PTG for breast cancer survivors.

Citations

• Current status of systematic review studies on patient-reported outcome measures published in Korean journals
  Duck-Hee Chae, Jiyeon Lee, Eun-Hyun Lee
  Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 1.     CrossRef
• Scoping review protocol of post-traumatic growth (PTG) in Korean cancer survivors
  Yu-Jin Park, Kyoung Suk Lee
  BMJ Open.2024; 14(3): e077896.     CrossRef