Purpose This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical performance and fear of falling on fall risk in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: This study included 132 patients who regularly received hemodialysis treatment at outpatient clinics in B City from January to April 2022. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, physical performance (the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]), fear of falling (the Korean Falls Efficacy Scale-International [KFES-I]), and fall risk (the Morse Fall Scale [MFS]). The collected data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression in the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.
Results: Thirty-eight patients (28.8%) had experienced accidental falls in the past year, with an average of 1.68 falls per patient. The average SPPB score was 7.89±3.55 (range, 0 to 12), the KFES-I score was 23.18±9.36 (range, 16 to 64), and the MFS score was 45.68±19.52 (range, 0 to 125). Fall risk showed a significant negative correlation with physical function (r=-.72, p<.001) and a significant positive correlation with fear of falling (r=.65, p<.001). Factors affecting the patients' fall risk included the level of serum intact parathyroid hormone (β=.15, p=.004), fear of falling (β=.24, p=.010), number of falls (β=.34, p<.001), and physical performance (β=-.41, p<.001). The regression model was statistically significant (F=22.71, p<.001), with an explanatory power of 64.9%.
Conclusion: To prevent accidental falls in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, it is necessary to develop and apply interventions that can enhance physical performance and reduce the fear of falling.
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Purpose This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among older adults living in nonsubsidized Residential Care Homes (RCHs).
Methods: Face-to-face interviews and assessments were conducted in a convenience sample of 298 older adults (aged 65 years or older) residing in nonsubsidized RCHs in Hong Kong in January 2015. Subjects who ate by mouth (with or without assistance) and who had no communication barriers were included. We employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design according to the STROBE reporting guidelines. Data were collected on participants' demographics, history of chronic illness, physical function (assessed by the 10-item Simplified Barthel Index with the self-care ability and mobility subscales), cognitive function (assessed by the 10-item Abbreviated Mental Test), and nutritional status (assessed by the 18-item Mini Nutritional Assessment). After identifying the variables associated with undernutrition, hierarchical multivariate logistic regression was used to identify salient predictors.
Results: In total, 40.9% of participants had undernutrition, which was associated with a longer length of stay in RCHs and poorer physical and cognitive functions compared to adequate nutrition or being at risk of undernutrition. Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression showed that residents with better cognitive function (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR]=0.88) and self-care ability (adjusted OR=0.75) were at a lower risk of undernutrition.
Conclusion: Undernutrition is prevalent among residents in RCHs in Hong Kong and poses a significant risk of cognitive impairment and poor self-care skills. To lessen the likelihood and the consequences of undernutrition, RCHs must give special consideration to residents with these risk factors.
Purpose This study examined physical activity and health-related factors affecting Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in older adults with lower educational levels. Methods Data were obtained from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Ⅶ-1, 2016; Ⅶ-2, 2017). The sample consisted of 2,985 individuals aged 65 years or older, and the focus was on 1,788 older adults with low educational levels. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, x2 test, and hierarchical multiple linear regression using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that subjective perceived health, cognitive stress, number of chronic diseases, and daily activity explained 25% of the variance in HRQoL after controlling for age and gender. In final model, physical activity types explained an additional 1% of the variance in HRQoL; walking was a significant predictor. Especially, among the various physical activity types, walking proved important for HRQoL. While aerobic exercise and strength exercise were associated with health status, in the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, they did not have an impact on HRQoL. Conclusion A walking-centric health care program to improve physical activity should be considered for HRQoL improvement in older adults with lower educational levels. Further research should consider how aerobic exercise and strength exercise could contribute to HRQoL improvement in this population.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Basic Physical Capability Scale (BPCS-K). METHODS The BPCS was translated into Korean using forward and back translations. Data were collected from January 16 to May 10, 2019. The study participants comprised 285 older adults, with 147 recruited from an acute care setting, and 138, who had dementia, were from long-term care facilities. Data analysis included KR-20, intraclass correlation coefficient, independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, hierarchical multiple regression, and Rasch analysis (item difficulty, infit/outfit, separation index, reliability index, and differential item function analysis), and were conducted using SPSS/WIN 25.0 and R programs. The criterion-related validity was examined using the Barthel Index. RESULTS The KR-20 reliability coefficient was .93 and the intraclass correlation coefficient for 2-week test-retest reliability was .97. The BPCS-K scores were significantly different compared to the known groups. Moreover, controlling for age, gender, and cognitive status, the Barthel Index score was significantly associated with the BPCS-K scores. Rasch analysis supported good construct validity. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the 16-item BPCS-K is an appropriate instrument to measure basic physical capability in Korean older adults. The BPCS-K can establish individualized physical activity goals for the elderly in a variety of clinical settings and can also serve to measure changes of physical function in physical activity interventions for older adults.
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PURPOSE Fatigue is common in older adults and may decrease the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level and characteristics of fatigue of older adults, and identify the factors associated with fatigue. METHODS This study used a secondary data analysis (n=200). Data collection was conducted from July to September 2015. Fatigue Severity Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version, Korean Version of Physical Activity Scale for Elderly, and Verran & Synder-Halpern Sleep Scale were used. RESULTS We used the data from 200 older adults in a local senior welfare center. Their average age was 74.5 years. We found that 35.5% of them had fatigue (≥4). The reported factors alleviating fatigue were taking rest, warm bath, and sleeping. Engaging in light sports was also reported to alleviate fatigue. The level of fatigue was higher in subjects with older age (p=.009), lower income (p=.003), higher number of diseases (p < .001), more medications (p < .001), and lower perceived health status (p < .001). In multiple linear regression analysis, the factors predicting fatigue were older age (p < .001), depression (p < .001), pain (p=.001), irregular exercise (p=.013), and lower perceived health status (p < .001). The explanatory power of the model was 47.5%. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that depression and pain were risk factors although engaging in light sports was a factor alleviating fatigue in older adults. The fatigue management strategies tailored to alleviate fatigue in older individuals by reducing these manageable risk factors are needed.
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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an Advanced Practice Nurse (APN)-led self-management program on cardiovascular health status among Korean women at risk of developing or progressing cardiovascular disease. METHODS This pilot study used one-group pre- and post- test experimental design. At health fairs in a community, 30 women who had one or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome were recruited and agreed to participate in the study. A total of 25 women completed the study. The intervention consisted of weekly follow-up calls and self-monitoring diary after an hour of individual counseling regarding risk factors, fast walking, and healthy diet tailored to the participants' needs. Physical activity was assessed with the World Health Organization International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a pedometer. RESULTS Participants showed statistically significant improvements in blood pressure, body mass index, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, numbers of metabolic syndrome factors, and the 10-year CV risk estimate after one month of concentrated intervention. In addition, their physical activity behavior significantly improved after the intervention. CONCLUSION This APN-led self-management program targeting modifiable risk factors by offering tailored counseling and concentrated support during the transition might be effective in preventing progression to the cardiovascular disease.
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PURPOSE This study examined the effects of a yoga exercise program on stress response, physical fitness and self-esteem among middle-aged women. METHODS Participants were 39 middle-aged females from District Y in Seoul who were assigned to either a treatment (N=19) or to a control group (N=20). The treatment participated three times a week in a yoga exercise program which included classes and practices. Data collection instruments included the Symptoms of Stress Inventory (1977), the Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (1965) and measurements of grip strength, flexibility and balance. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS The treatment group had significantly lower score for stress response (t=-6.18, p<.001) and higher scores on grip strength (t=2.52, p=.018), balance (t=3.24, p=.003), and self-esteem (t=4.46, p<.001). There was no significant difference in flexibility (F=0.51, p=.479). CONCLUSION The yoga exercise program can be used as a nursing intervention for middle-aged women to reduce stress and improve self-esteem.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a walking program for office workers in terms of social cognitive theory, walking activities and physiological indexes. METHODS A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 50 office workers who were identified as having low levels of physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ Research Committee, 2005). The participants were recruited from two companies in Seoul. Of the 50 participants, 26 were assigned to the non-equivalent experimental group and 24 to the control group. The walking program consisted of six didactic sessions via e-mail, two individual telecoaching sessions and three support group meetings over ten weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 program. RESULTS The non-equivalent experimental group reported significantly higher posttest scores in walking activities and adhering to the walking protocol than the control group. There were no differences in reported self-efficacy, outcome expectations, body mass index and blood pressure between the two groups. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a walking program based on social cognitive theory is effective in increasing physical activities for office workers.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental vitamin D on the physiological indices, muscle mass, and physical functions of aged women. METHODS A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 65 elderly women with low serum vitamin D levels. This study was conducted for 12 weeks. The experimental group (n=34) received vitamin D and regular exercise whereas the control group (n=31) received only regular exercise. The data were analyzed by the IBM PASW Statistics (SPSS) 19.0 program. RESULTS Serum vitamin D (U=0.00, p<.001), parathyroid hormone (U=99.50, p<.001) and calcium (U=250.50, p<.001) levels were significantly increased in the experimental group after the intervention. The experimental group showed significantly increased scores of muscle mass, strength, physical balance, and gait compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation improved physiological indices, muscle mass, and physical functions. In addition, this program may help to prevent disorders of the musculoskeletal system in aged women.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify on the perceptions of family care-givers toward use of physical restraints according to their values, beliefs, and perceptions using Q methodology. METHODS Thirty-three family care-givers classified 41 selected Q-statements into 9 points standard. The obtained data were analyzed by using a pc QUANL program. RESULTS Principal component analysis identified 4types of the perceptions of family care-givers toward the use of physical restraints. Type I is 'Rational accepted', which means that they perceived the restraints are essential therapeutic devices and had cooperative attitude to use of medical staffs' restraints. Type II is 'Sardonic sensibility', which means that they have a negative and a cynical attitude to use of physical restraints. Type III is 'Ambivalent', which means that they have conflicts between rationality and emotion, and type IV is 'Practical claim of a right', which means they insist that patients and their family members must be provided with a detailed explanation regarding the application of physical restraints. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that perceptions toward the use of physical restraints among family care-givers should be understood for patients' safety and dignity in medical circumstance. Based on the results, this study will be useful in developing the customized nursing intervention for supporting family care-givers' subjectivity considering the Korean context.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotional response of family members of physically restrained patients in the intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS The study subjects were 200 family members of ICU patients who had been on physical restraints in two university hospitals. Data were collected using the "Instrument of family's emotional response toward physically restrained patients". RESULTS The mean score of familial emotional response was 2.69 out of a possible 5. The subcategory of acceptance was the highest with 3.56 points followed by depression (3.02), helplessness (2.94), anxiety (2.87), shock (2.74), avoidance (2.64), and grudge (2.08). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that the age of family members, side effects of restraints, and information provision were the variables influencing on negative emotional response of family. CONCLUSION Family members showed slightly negative emotional response toward the physical restraints. This finding could be influenced by their limited knowledge of the need for the restraints. Educational programs or fact sheets to be given to family members may be helpful.
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PURPOSE This study was object to the effects of a resistance exercise combined with relaxation therapy on blood pressure, frequency of exercise and physical fitness in elderly women. METHODS Seventy three elderly women participated in an exercise program for 12 months. The exercise program consisted of stretching, massage and resistance training using thera-bands twice a week and 50 minutes in every sessions each week. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed using SAS. RESULTS After the exercise program there was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure, frequency of exercise, body fat, sitting to standing, walking 2 minutes, sitting on a chair and reaching, and standing on one leg with eyes opened. After 6 months, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and significant increase in frequency of exercise, body fat, sitting to standing and standing on one leg with eyes opened. In 12 months, there was a significant increase in body fat, 2 minutes walking, and sitting in a chair and reaching. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise combined with muscle relaxation therapy would have a positive effect on elderly women. We found that it was helpful for the elderly women in terms of physical fitness.
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to explore and describe the use of restraint on patients and to generate a grounded theory of how the use of restraint affects patients who have been restrained. METHODS Interview data from seven patients with physical restraint was analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method. Data were collected and analyzed simultaneously. Unstructured and in-depth interviews were conducted retrospectively with patients recalling their memories of ICU following their transfer to general unit. RESULTS 'Safety belt' was emerged as a core category and it reflected that physical restraint provided a sense of security to patients. On the basis of core category, a model of the experience process of restrained patients in ICU was developed. The experience process were categorized into four stages: resistance, fear, resignation, and agreement. Stages of these proceeds appeared to have been influenced by the nurses' attitude and caring behavior such as the frequency of nurse-patient interaction, repetition of explanation, and empathetic understanding. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that patients have mixed feelings towards restraint use, although negative feelings were stronger than positive ones. The result of this study will help nurses make effective nursing intervention.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Diabetic patients (N=160) were interviewed from November, 2003 to June, 2004. The 24 hour dietary recall, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for patient with Type 2 diabetes, the Revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure Scale and Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index were used to measure the predictors. Data were analyzed by descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 10.0. RESULTS Mean dietary intakes of the participants were protein(P) of 64.5g, carbohydrate(C) of 280.74g, fat(F) of 30g, and calcium of 511.45mg. The ratio of CPF was 75:17:8. About 45% of the participants didn't exercise on a regular basis. The levels of self-efficacy, self-care, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were moderate. Self-efficacy was the most important predictor of cardiovascular risk factors along with self-care, exercising for more than 6 months, carbohydrate intakes and levels of physical activities. CONCLUSION The findings of the study suggest that intervention programs increasing self-efficacy on diabetic management would be more beneficial than the fractional approach focusing only on diet or physical activities.
PURPOSE This cross-sectional survey research was undertaken to identify the factors influencing time from onset to hospital arrival of stroke patients and to provide basic information for the development of intervention programs for stroke patients. METHODS The data were collected using a convenient sampling method from three hospitals in Inchon. The subjects were 78 patients who were diagnosed as stroke by doctor and they voluntarily participated in the study. RESULTS On the average, subjects arrived at the hospitals by 16.72 hours after the onset of stroke events with the range from 0.17 hours to 72 hours. Thirty-four(43.6%) subjects arrived within 3 hours which can maximize treatment effects. There was significant difference in hospital presentation time according to the level of knowledge(chi-square=18.629, p=.0003). A negative correlation was found between the hospital presentation time and self-efficacy (r= -.320, p=.004). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was self-efficacy. Self-efficacy, the level of knowledge and physical symptoms were significant factors and accounted for 21.7% of the variance of hospital presentation time in stroke patients. CONCLUSION According to the results, self-efficacy is a useful concept for reducing the hospital presentation time from onset of attack in stroke patients. Therefore, nurses should consider educational programs which include not only a knowledge of stroke and recurrence prevention but also the concept of self-efficacy.
PURPOSE The purpose of present study was to explore relationship between physical activity (PA) behavior and self-efficacy among older Korean-Americans (OKAs) based on reviewing major theories that are used to understand PA behavior, particularly as they relate to older adults within sociocultural contexts. METHODS 151 OKAs, living in California, were recruited and interviewed once. Self-efficacy and PA level were measured by Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (K-CHAMPS) questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS 82.8% of OKA women and 72.4% of OKA men had relatively low (38.8+/-29.3) self-efficacy related to PA. Exercise self-efficacy was statistically significant and positively associated with frequency for moderate and greater PA (r = 0.25, p < .01), frequency for all listed PA (r = 0.21, p < .05), caloric expenditure for moderate and greater PA (r = 0.23, p < .01), and caloric expenditure for all listed PA (r = 0.31, p < .01). CONCLUSION Social Cognitive Theory including self-efficacy can provide insight about how to shape strategies that encourage OKAs to adhere to regular PA because it focuses on environmental as well as personal factors. Increased efforts are needed to understand the other factors associated with being active in OKAs.
PURPOSE The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the pattern of physical restraints used in ICUs and to identify influencing factors of application and removal of restraints. METHOD The subjects of this study were 90 restrained patients out of 215 patients over 6 years old who were admitted to 6 ICUs in SMC during a 2 weeks period. The data was collected through a questionnaire of characte-ristics, guidelines and nursing care of restraint uses. The data were analyzed by non-parametric statistic with the use of the SAS program. RESULTS The restraints were applied to 31.4% of subjects. Mean time of physical restraint was 36.76 55.7 hours. There were significant difference with mean time and frequency according to duty shift. GCS, restless behavior and discomfort factors, medical devices, and life sustaining devices had significant relation with application of restraints. In addition, the mean time of restraints used were related significantly with GCS, restless behavior, and discomfort factors. CONCLUSION The used of restraints were dependent on mainly the nurses' decision. Thus ICU nurses have to develop the guidelines to applying restraints and removal of restraints in regard to patients rights and ethics. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of application of the restraints is essential in professional nursing.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients. METHOD Data were collected from November, 2003 to June, 2004 using a physiological index and questionnaires. Patients(N=159) aged 40 and above were conveniently recruited from health care centers in B city. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS WIN 10.0 program. RESULTS The cardiovascular risk factors were negatively related with female gender, household monthly income, educational experience about diabetes, physical activity, self-care, self-efficacy and problem oriented coping, while positively related with the duration of diabetes, diabetic family history and depression. Self-care, diabetic family history, female gender, monthly household income, self-efficacy, affective-oriented coping and physical activity predicted 41.5% of the variance in cardiovascular risk factors of diabetic patients. CONCLUSION According to the findings of this study, we concluded that cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients are related to the modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Self-care, self-efficacy, affective- oriented coping, and physical activity were identified as modifiable variables. Intervention programs to increase those variables are warranted to reduce cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients.
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of a follow-up program for breast cancer patients after surgery. METHOD A quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were 56 breast cancer patients (experimental group: 27, control group: 29). The subjects of the experimental group participated in the Follow-up program of 7 sessions once a week, during 4 weeks including one telephone visit. The program consisted of health education of breast cancer, exercise, lymph edema prevention, diet education, theraband rehabilitation exercise, laugh therapy, and breast self examination. The obtained data were analysed by using the ANCOVA of SPSS. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the scores of physical wellbeing, symptom distress and mood state between the two groups. CONCLUSION Considering these research results, short-term intervention could improve physical and emotional functioning abilities by helping better health. Nurses should establish and manage a proper program to provide multipurpose support and it must apply the program after surgery as soon as possible for breast cancer women.
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of fatigue and its related factors in patients with breast cancer. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 62 breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Disruption of Usual Activity Scale, Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale and Self-Care Diary Scale were employed to measure fatigue, disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom respectively. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS-PC to obtain summary statistics for the descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULT: The results are as follows. 1. The mean score of the degree of fatigue was 4.82 points indicating moderate level. 2. The mean score of the degree of disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom were 2.66, 5.00, and 4.69 points. 3. Fatigue of the subjects was significantly correlated with disruption of usual activity(r=.517, p<.01), mood state(r=.420, p<.01) and physical symptom(r=.463, p<.01). 4. With the result of stepwise multiple regression, disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom being the three variables which could explain fatigue by 39.1%. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive intervention strategy for fatigue should be developed to maintain quality of life during and following chemotherapy considering these factors.
PURPOSE The purpose was to investigate the physiological parameter and physical health status and health perception in the elderly, and to find the correlation between these variables. The subjects were 139 in Kyungi senior center. METHOD: The instruments for this study were physiological parameters, which were composed of vital capacity, blood pressure, pulse oxygenation, hand grip power, body fat and physical health status scale developed by researcher, and health perception scale developed by Ware(1976). The data were analyzed by the SPSS-PC 11.0 version. RESULTS: 1) 7.9% of subjects were included in abnormal range of vital capacity, 40.3% were systolic hypertension and 11.5% were diastolic hypertension. And 92.1% were included in normal range of pulse oxygenation, 79.8% were weakened hand grip power, and 10.1% of subjects were included in normal range of body fat. 2) The total mean score of the physical health status was 26.34 of a possible maximum score of 45. The physical health status score of women was lower than man's. 3) The mean score of man's health perception was 24.52 and women's was 20.39 of a possible maximum score of 44. 4) There was a significant positive correlation between hand grip power and physical health status(r=.28, p=.001). And a significant correlation between physical health status and health perception was found (r=.24, p=.004). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the blood pressure, hand grip power and body fat among the physiological parameters of elderly subjects in Kyungi senior center were included in abnormal range. The factors were related life style. therefore, it is suggested that the health education to change life style for the elderly is needed.
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of foot reflexo-massage on physical, psychological, and physiological parameters in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. METHOD: This study was employed non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest time series experimental design. The subjects of this study were 47 elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the knee from two different nursing homes in Deajeon. The patients were divided into two groups; 26 patients in experimental group, the rest in control group. Each patient in experimental group received the 30-minute foot reflexo-massage, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The dependent variables of each patient were measured before treatment, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks during the treatment session. The collected data was analyzed using the Social Package Social Science(version 10.0) software program. RESULT: There were significant differences in the flexion angle of both knees; the flexion and extension muscle strength of both knees; systolic blood pressure; POMS; plantaris skin temperature and blood velocity of dorsalis pedis artery between the two groups over different the three measurement times. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that foot reflexo-massage could be an effective intervention to improve physical, psychological and physiological parameters for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of telephonic counseling on burnout, depression, life satisfaction, and perceived physical health among family caregivers of older adults with dementia. METHOD Subjects were randomly assigned into telephonic counseling group (n=21) and the comparison group (n=32). A weekly telephone counseling was conducted by research assistants for 12 weeks. T-test were used to answer the research questions. RESULT 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups on the level of burnout, depression, life satisfaction, and perceived physical health after telephone counseling. 2) Spouse caregivers under the telephone counseling tended to report higher perceived physical health than comparison group at the post-test (t=-1.88, p=.08). Spouse caregivers under the telephone counseling tended to report higher emotional exhaustion and lower feeling of self achievement. 3) Daughter-in-law caregivers under telephone counseling showed increased feeling of self achievement, improved physical health condition, and decreased depression. CONCLUSION This study showed potential effects of the problem-solving telephone counseling to improve perceived physical health and to reduce the level of burnout and depression. The findings suggest the necessity of screening most vulnerable subgroups of caregivers to increase the effectiveness of nursing intervention such as telephone counseling.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was the development of a comprehensive nursing intervention program for the client with acute lymph stasis and stage I lymphedema. METHOD The Quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group was used. The subjects were 22 stroke patients with lymph stasis in the control group and 23 patients in the experimental group. The complex physical therapy of Casley-Smith was carried out to the control group for 10 hours, and comprehensive nursing intervention for the experimental group was carried out for 60 minutes. The data for this study was gathered from Feb. 2002 until June 2002 and pertains knowledge about lymphedema, self-care for managing lymphedema, and circumferences of affected limbs. Data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, x2-test, and t-test. RESULT The changes in knowledge about lymphedema, self-care practices, and circumference of affected limbs after nursing intervention did not show significant differences between control group and experiment group. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that comprehensive nursing intervention had more efficiency than complex physical therapy in the treatment of edema for stroke patients because of it's simplicity and time saving. Thereby, the comprehensive nursing intervention program developed in this study would be a useful therapy for the clients with lymph stasis and early stage lymphedema.
PUPPOSE: The purposes of the study were 1) to examine what relationships exist between PTE(perceived treatments effect) and PPS (perceived physical suffering) as the independent variables and hope as the dependent variable and 2) to examine whether PTE and PPS predict hope in cancer patients in their post-operative period within the Stotland's hope theory. METHOD The Visual Analog Scale was used for measuring PTE and PPS and the Kim and Lee's Hope Scale which had acceptable reliability and validity was used for measuring hope. The data was collected from 38 hospitalized cancer patients who were in the post-operative period with a convenient sampling method. RESULT There was a significant positive relationship between hope and the PTE in the low PTE group. There was a significant negative relationship between hope and the PPS in the low PPS group. There were no significant relationships between hope and the PTE in the high PTE group, and between hope and the PPS in the high PPS group. And the PTE explained hope with 71.2% of the variance in the low PTE group. CONCLUSION PTE in the low PTE group and PPS in the low PPS group were identified as the factors to explain hope.
The purpose of this study was to identify correlation of stress, coping patterns and physical symptoms in cancer patient's caregiver. The stress was measured by VAS( Visual Analogue Scale). The coping methods were measured using the modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Yang (1998) and the actual physical symptoms were investigated. The phases of patient illness consisted of 1st (initial) stage, and 2nd (recurred) stage and 3rd (terminal) stage based on literature (Lewandowski & Jones, 1988). The data were collected by a survey conducted from March to July, 2000 and which included 196 cancer patients' caregivers from two hospitals in Seoul. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The average of caregivers' stress scores was 62.5. Problem-focused coping methods were significantly used more than emotion-focused coping methods by the cancer patients' caregiver. The mean number of caregivers' physical symptom was 1.03. 2. There were significantly high level of stress in women, those who were more than 60 years old, those who had a low education level, those who had no job, those who are patients' wives' and those who are terminal patients' caregiver. There were significantly low levels of coping in women, those who were more than 60 years old, those who had low education levels, those who had no job and those who are patients' wives. There were significantly higher number of physical symptoms in women, and those who have no job. 3. Caregivers' stress was significantly correlated to problem-focused coping methods (r=-.21, p=.006), and physical symptom (r=-.28, p=.0001). In conclusion, attempts to develop nursing interventions for cancer patients' caregiver in women, those who are more than 60 years old, with a low education level, have no job, and are cancer patients' wives could have an improvement on positive coping methods and provide relaxation from stress in the patients' experience.
The purpose of this study is to compare the physical health, anxiety and depression of the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group with those of a non-trained group and to analyze the relationship between the training period of Dan-Jeon Bre athing method and physical health, anxiety, and depression. The number of people in the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group over 3 months was 149 and in the non-trained group 142. Data were collected from August to October 1999. As tools, 35 physical symptom questions were chosen from The Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam(1965) and from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) by Kim(1984); 10 questions on anxiety and 13 questions on depression were used in the study. The statistics of the study were gathered by using SPSS Window; the analysis was made by applying x(2)-test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Scheffe tests. The results were as follows. 1. The Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group had lower physical symptom score and showed less anxiety and depression than the non-trained group, which supported the 1st, 2nd, 3rd hypotheses. 2. The longer the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing, the lower the physical symptom score, which supports the 4th hypothesis, but the 5th and, 6th hypotheses were not supported because anxiety and depression did not get lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing got longer. 3. The physical symptom score, anxiety and depression that were made by the general characteristics of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group were analyzed. As a result, the physical symptom score of women was greater than that of men. Physical symptoms score and the rate of anxiety and depression were different by education levels. The degree of anxiety was different by age. Those who have a religion have a higher physical symtoms score than people who have no religion. There was no difference in physical health score, anxiety and depression according to marital status, economic status and occupations. The results suggest that the physical and mental health status of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group is better than that of the non-trained group. Physical symptoms scores gets lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing gets longer which results in the improvement of physical health status.
This study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms in the female students in a longitudinal design. The subjects who participated in this study were 97 female nursing students (in the analysis of data after 1 year). The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, stress (43 items), hardiness(25 items), and physical symptoms(35 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean and hierarchical multiple regression with the SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Main effects of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms was found. 2) The stress buffering effects of hardiness were not found.
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