PURPOSE
This study was aimed to identify NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
METHODS
This study was a descriptive study conducted in three steps. First, nursing diagnoses were identified from the electronic nursing records. Second, content validity of nursing diagnoses and outcomes were evaluated. Third, major nursing interventions associated with expected nursing outcomes were collected from 97 nurses who worked in the oncology unit. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Four major nursing diagnoses were identified: acute pain, knowledge deficit, health seeking behaviors, and ineffective protection. Associated with each respective diagnosis, 3 major outcomes (pain level, pain control, and comfort state) for acute pain, 8 major nursing outcomes (diet, disease process, treatment regimen, illness, ostomy care, prescribed activity, health behavior, and infection management) for knowledge deficit, 4 major outcomes (health promoting behavior, health promotion, health belief, and knowledge: health resource) for health seeking behaviors, and 3 major outcomes (fatigue level, immune status, and nutritional status) for ineffective protection were identified. In addition, nursing interventions frequently used in clinical practice for each major nursing outcome were identified.
CONCLUSION
The identified NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage can contribute to improving the applications of nursing process and care plans.

Citations

• Identification of North American Nursing Diagnosis Association—Nursing Interventions Classification—Nursing Outcomes Classification of nursing home residents using on‐time data by android smartphone application by registered nurses
  Juh Hyun Shin, Sun Ok Jung, Jee Sun Lee
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2024; 35(1): 46.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review
  Sena Chae, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sue Moorhead
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(11): 963.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis–Outcome–Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in the Obstetrics Department Nursing Unit in South Korea
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko, Hyun Kyung Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 12.     CrossRef
• The Network Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses for Children Admitted in Pediatric Units Determined by Nursing Students
  Mikyung Moon
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(3): 223.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in Gynecology Department Nursing Units
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 170.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to construct, develop, and apply a nursing information system (NIS) using NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage in medical-surgical nursing units.
METHODS
This study consisted of three phases which were the construction of the database, development of the NIS, and application of the NIS. To construct the database, a questionnaire and nursing record review by an expert group were used. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 13.0 program.
RESULTS
In first phase, the database was made up of 50 nursing diagnoses, 127 nursing outcomes and 300 nursing interventions. In the second phase, NIS was developed according to its flow diagram and then tested. In the third phase, the developed NIS was applied to 130 inpatients. Nursing diagnoses frequently used were acute pain, delayed surgical recovery, and deficient knowledge (specify). Nursing outcomes for a nursing diagnosis of 'acute pain' were identified as pain control, pain level and comfort level. Nursing interventions for the nursing outcome 'pain control' were pain management, patient controlled analgesia assistance and medication management.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study will facilitate the use of the newly proposed NIS in nursing practice and provide a guideline for evidence-based nursing.

Citations

• Configuring a computer‑based nursing process form to support nursing diagnosis in rural healthcare clinics in Nigeria
  Chinemerem Eleke, Ada C. Nwaner, Joy C. Samuel, Sabinah Ngbala‑Okpabi, Ifeyinwa S. Agu, Damiete M. Amachree, Tex‑Jack Dokuba
  Journal of Public Health in Africa.2023; 14(10): 9.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review
  Sena Chae, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sue Moorhead
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(11): 963.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis–Outcome–Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in the Obstetrics Department Nursing Unit in South Korea
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko, Hyun Kyung Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in Gynecology Department Nursing Units
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 170.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses Applied to Emergency Room Patients - Using the NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Classification -*
  Young A Kim, Soon Hee Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2015; 22(1): 16.     CrossRef
• Identification of Major Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Outcomes, and Nursing Interventions (NNN) Linkage for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
  Su Mi Song, Hyangsook So, Minjeong An
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 413.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the importance and performance of nursing interventions linked to five nursing diagnoses in CVA patients.
METHODS
First, total 37 nursing diagnoses were identified from the analysis of 78 nursing records of CVA patients, and then top 5 diagnoses were mapped with nursing interventions. Second, each intervention was compared in terms of importance and performance by 80 nurses working at neurosurgical units from 5 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using mean, SD, and t-test using the SPSS program.
RESULTS
Selected the top five nursing diagnoses were Acute Pain, Risk for Disuse Syndrome, Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity, Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion and Acute Confusion. In general, most of the interventions were scored higher in importance than performance and most of independent interventions were not performed as frequently as it perceived in importance. The interventions which scored high in performance were the interventions ordered by physician or interventions related to medication behavior.
CONCLUSION
We identified which nursing interventions should be performed more frequently and more critically important to nursing diagnoses. We recommend further research that enhances the performance of nursing interventions to provide better quality of nursing services to the patients in practice.

PURPOSE
This study was performed to validate the linkage between nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions by identifying performance and importance of nursing interventions linked to five NANDA nursing diagnoses.
METHOD
Data was collected from 153 staff and head nurses working in 4 hospitals in K city. The results were analyzed using mean, SD and spearman correlation for ranking correlation.
RESULT
The most importantly considered interventions were Medication Administration (IV) for pain, Pain Management for Constipation, Intravenous (IV) Insertion for Diarrhea, treatment, Vital Sign Monitoring for Hyperthermia, and Vital Sign Monitoring for Infection risk. The most frequently performed interventions was Medication Administration (IV) for Pain, Fluid Management for Constipation, Intravenous (IV) Insertion for Diarrhea, Vital Sign Monitoring for Hyperthermia, and Vital Sign Monitoring for Infection: Risk for. The rank correlations between importance and performance were highest in Diarrhea and lowest in Constipation.
CONCLUSION
The above findings can be used to develop a nursing information system which can be used to facilitate documenting the nursing process, and a nursing information system developed by this research process will ultimately contribute to identifying nurses contribution to patient health.

PUPPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors for major nursing diagnoses used in caring for institutionalized elders.
METHOD
This study was a descriptive study. The participants were 92 residents in a long-term care facility in Wonju, selected by convenience sampling. The instrument was a checklist designed on the basis of the related factors suggested by NANDA (1997) and a literature review. Data was collected by chart review, observation, and interviews with the participants. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the SPSS WIN program.
RESULT
The most frequent nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', 'self-esteem disturbance', 'activity intolerance', 'impaired phyical mobility', and 'powerlessness'. The most frequent component for related factors for the five component for each nursing diagnosis was the physical component, followed by the social component. Common related factors for the nursing diagnoses were 'pain', 'change of emotional state/disorder', 'cognitive disorder', 'change of physical structure and function', and 'physical impairment', and 'immobility'.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study can contribute to the development of appropriate nursing intervention programs for elders (eg. 'Injury Prevention Programs', 'Self-esteem Improvement Programs' etc.). Clinical guidelines that gerontological nurses can use to accurately assess health problems and select appropriate nursing interventions may be developed.

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized Nursing Diagnosis/ Intervention Protocol through a literature review and validity testing. Seven nursing diagnoses were selected as major nursing diagnosis in the field of Nutritional and Eliminative problem. The nursing intervention list was made by an expert group's review of Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC) suggested nursing interventions. Nursing activities which were included in each nursing intervention were sorted to follow the nursing intervention process after review and revision. The expert group's validity testing was done twice using the Likert scale. As a result the Nursing Diagnosis/ Intervention Protocol for Nutritional and Eliminative Problems was made to include 7 Nursing Diagnoses, 51 Nursing Interventions and 631 Nursing Activities.

This study examines that North American Nursing Diagnosis Association(NANDA) and Home Health Care Classification(HHCC) is appropriate to classify home health care client's nursing problems and suggests a modified nursing diagnosis classification system. Two hundred and forty-nine clients' records at a general hospital were reviewed and nursing problems were diagnosed according to each classification system. Results of this study are as follows. The major client's medical diagnosis are pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium, malignant neoplasm, and benign neoplasm. Of four hundred and sixty-three nursing problems, all nursing problems made a diagnos according to HHCC, while three hundred and eighty-five made a diagnosis according to NANDA. The HHCC diagnosis included 78 more nursing problems than NANDA. The discrepancy in the results may indicate a significant advantage to HHCC diagnosis because HHCC nomenclature was created empirically from hard data. However, this may be due to limitations in the data collection method so determination of which classification system is more useful is difficult to judge. However, nursing components of the HHCC are more concrete and clearer than human response patterns of the NANDA. Also the HHCC facilitates the documentation of patient care by computer, while using a conceptual framework consisting of 20 Care Components based on the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation and evaluation. Accordingly, the practical application of HHCC is more useful than NANDA. Limitations of this study include a retrospective data collecting method and universality of samples. Further research for various samples that use prospective data collection method is recommended.

The purpose of the study was to identify the nursing diagnoses for aged persons in gerontological clinical practice of nursing students. In this study, a total of 101 cases including 36 cases of hospitalized elder, 33 cases of institutionalized elders, and 32 cases of community dwelling elders were used in case studies reported by nursing students. Descriptive statistics was employed to determine 370 nursing diagnoses in 101 cases. There were four findings. First, 47.5% of total 370 nursing diagnoses was 'risk for injury'. The next highest percentage of nursing diagnoses was 38.9%( powerless/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance). Second, the most nursing diagnosis for hospitalized elders was 'knowledge deficit'(41.7%), and the next was 'risk for injury'(38.9%), and 'risk for impaired skin integrity'(27.8%). Third, for both institutionalized elders and community dwelling elders, the most nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', and the next was 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance', and 'activity intolerance/impaired physical immobility'. Fourth, the related factors of 'risk for injury' were low bone density, low balance, low visual and auditory ability, muscle atrophy, low cognitive function, danger environment, and knowledge deficit. the related factors of 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance' were low activity ability, social isolation, low motivation depression, change of daily pattern, decrease of memory, and disorientation. These findings have implications that risk for injury related to physical changes of aging is the most significant health problem of frail elders in diverse setting. In addition, emotional problems of powerless, hopelessness, and self-esteem disturbance are significant need to develop nursing intervention for frail elders in diverse setting.